all

Question 1

how does the skin protect the body

Answer 1

chemical barriers - skin secretion e.g sebum (lubricates the skin to protect against friction)
melanin (produced by melanocytes - absorbs harmful UV rays and protects your cells from sun damage
mechanical barriers - continuity of skin
hardness of keratinized calls
waterproofing

Question 2

formation of vitamin D

Answer 2

Ca formation - strong bones
supports immune function
produce white blood cells

Question 3

hair (structure)

Answer 3

keratin filaments with a root and shaft with an arrector pili muscle attached

Question 4

arrector pili muscle

Answer 4

bundle of smooth muscle fibres that are attached to hair follicle

Question 5

nail (structures)

Answer 5

hard keratin plates that protect the tip of both the fingers and the toes

Question 6

nychium

Answer 6

nail

Question 7

nails (function)

Answer 7

to serve as protective plates that help prevent the skin of the fingers and toes from getting cut or scraped during daily activities
to enhance the sensation

Question 8

ducts and pores

Answer 8

duct - pathway for sebum/sweat
pore- opening to the skin

Question 9

eccrine

Answer 9

most numerous
body temperature regulation
smaller
discharge directly onto the skin surface
sweat

Question 10

apocine

Answer 10

found where hair is
larger
ducts open into hair
often acted upon by bacteria (odour)

Question 11

sebaceous glands (fuctions )

Answer 11

keeps hair follicales soft and pilable
acts as a fungicidal and bactericidal agent preventing friction
prevents the skin from drying out and cracking

Question 12

cellular respiration

Answer 12

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP, which may be used as energy to power reactions throughout the body

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

the condition of a relatively stable internal environment, maintained within narrow limits, in the face of external change

Question 14

diaphysis

Answer 14

compact bone, central medullary canal and composed of fatty yellow bone marrow

Question 15

periosteum

Answer 15

complex vascular 2 layered membrane - outer layer is fibrous and tough for protection

Question 16

epiphysis

Answer 16

outer cover of compact bone is present, spongy or cancellous bone on the inside

Question 17

3 types of joints

Answer 17

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 18

fibrous (structure)

Answer 18

tough connective tissue

Question 19

cartilaginous (structure)

Answer 19

connected entirely by cartilage

Question 20

ligament (structure)

Answer 20

band of strong fibrous tissue

Question 21

synovial fluid

Answer 21

a slippery fluid the consistency of egg-whites that is contained within the joint cavity

Question 22

articular cartilage

Answer 22

glassy-smooth cartilage that is spongy and covers the ends of the bone in the joint

Question 23

joint capsule

Answer 23

a tough fibrous tissue that has 2 layers with the fibrous capsule lying outside the synovial membrane

Question 24

bursa

Answer 24

a flattened fibrous sac lines with synovial fluid that contains a thin film of synovial fluid

Question 25

meiscus

Answer 25

a wedge of white fibrocartilage

Question 26

pad of fat

Answer 26

a fatty pad

Question 27

tendons

Answer 27

connect muscle to bone soft, connective tissue found throughout the body less elastic arranged in parallel fibres

Question 28

excitability / irritability

Answer 28

ability to receive and respond to stimuli

Question 29

contractility

Answer 29

Ability to shorten forcibly

Question 30

extensibility

Answer 30

ability to be stretched or extended

Question 31

elasticity

Answer 31

ability to recoil and resume original resting length

Question 32

muscle function

Answer 32

to generate movement e.g quads pull femur up to maintain posture e.g abdominals support vertebra to maintain homeostasis e.g arrector pili muscle to provide stability e.g pelvic floor

Question 33

skeletal muscle structure

Answer 33

epimysium perimysium endomysium fascicle

Question 34

epimysium

Answer 34

outer layer of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle

Question 35

perimysium

Answer 35

connective tissue that bundles skeletal muscle fibres into fascicles within a skeletal muscle

Question 36

fascicle

Answer 36

bundles of muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle

Question 37

endomysium

Answer 37

loose, well-hydrated connective tissue covering each muscle fiber in a skeletal muscle

Question 38

skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 38

muscle fiber sarcolemma sarcoplasm sarcomere sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

muscle fiber

Answer 39

single muscle cell

Question 40

sarcolemma

Answer 40

plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber

Question 41

sarcoplasm

Answer 41

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 42

sarcomere

Answer 42

longitudinally, repeating functional unit of skeletal muscle, with all of the contractile and associated proteins involved in contraction

Question 43

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 43

specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which stores, releases and retrieves Ca

Question 44

isometric

Answer 44

tension is created, but the length of muscle does not change

Question 45

isotonic

Answer 45

concentric and eccentric (muscle changes in length )

Question 46

concentric

Answer 46

muscle shortens

Question 47

eccentric

Answer 47

muscle lengthens

Question 48

agonist

Answer 48

contracting muscle

Question 49

antagonist

Answer 49

lengthening muscle