All - 19 May 2019 Flashcards
Learn all! (51 cards)
Ped theory - School and social class - pedagogy sociology
Bordieux - cultural capital / cultural reproduction (role of school) Althusser (Marxist) - state ideological apparatus - socialize ss conform to capitalist (values) Feinstein - factor in educational success - parental interest Blackstone - work longer hrs - parents put off by middle class atmosphere https://youtu.be/RMvMCqKRO_s?t=308
عدد الضحايا المدنيين ظل مرتفعاً خلال الحرب.
Example sentence: عدد الضحايا المدنيين ظل مرتفعاً خلال الحرب.
Sentence meaning: Civilian casualties remained at high levels during the war.
Rethinking “accountability”
Strengthening accountability is often taken to mean strengthening the reporting of what can be observed, verified, quantified—what we call “accounting-based accountability.”
…
But most of what government does isn’t like that; and, indeed, for high-functioning organizations which do things that aren’t fully logistical, “accountability” means much more than accounting-based accountability. Accountability in these organizations is “account-based,” focused on a justifying analysis or explanation. Many accounts will involve the hard numbers of accounting, but the account and the accounting are not the same thing. The accounting is an input into a broader account of performance.
…
The key elements of what teachers do is not amenable to the accounting-based accountability which Accountability ICT can strengthen. An education system that is centered around learning needs to deploy teachers who have adequate resources and capacities, and who act with sincere concern for the learning progress of each child. It is hard to reduce teaching to a list of “hard” characteristics (e.g., has a master’s degree) or “thin” behaviors (e.g., is in attendance). “Acting with concern,” much less “acting with sincere concern,” for each child is not amenable to improvement with accounting-based accountability.
…
If people working in the education system invest time in collecting what can be measured and reported, they will do so by investing less time in what cannot be as easily accounted for—like teaching quality, individual instruction, relationship-building, responsiveness to parents or other teachers, etc. If reporting becomes a tool of control it can constrain teacher autonomy, leading some of the best teachers to exit. Top-down control using accounting-based accountability channels may also demotivate teachers from learning about their students if the teachers cannot make productive use of that information.
Rethinking “accountability”
Strengthening accountability is often taken to mean strengthening the reporting of what can be observed, verified, quantified—what we call “accounting-based accountability.” Accounting-based accountability solutions will have substantial impacts in improving the efficiency and efficacy of governments in carrying out activities that are, by their analytical nature, logistical. There may well be some public-sector bureaus where accounting-based accountability is likely to improve performance (e.g., post office delivery or vaccine delivery).
But most of what government does isn’t like that; and, indeed, for high-functioning organizations which do things that aren’t fully logistical, “accountability” means much more than accounting-based accountability. Accountability in these organizations is “account-based,” focused on a justifying analysis or explanation. Many accounts will involve the hard numbers of accounting, but the account and the accounting are not the same thing. The accounting is an input into a broader account of performance.
It matters that we misuse “accountability” in practice. Yes, this is by definition a semantic point. But it is a semantic point with very tangible real-world implications. A lot of interventions to strengthen accountability rely on strengthening accounting. And if we’re right then even though accountability is central to good performance, accounting-based accountability interventions aren’t likely to be good strategies for improving system performance.
The key elements of what teachers do is not amenable to the accounting-based accountability which Accountability ICT can strengthen. An education system that is centered around learning needs to deploy teachers who have adequate resources and capacities, and who act with sincere concern for the learning progress of each child. It is hard to reduce teaching to a list of “hard” characteristics (e.g., has a master’s degree) or “thin” behaviors (e.g., is in attendance). “Acting with concern,” much less “acting with sincere concern,” for each child is not amenable to improvement with accounting-based accountability.
There are good reasons to worry that a focus on accounting-based accountability may not just be neutral, but actually detrimental, to system-wide performance. If people working in the education system invest time in collecting what can be measured and reported, they will do so by investing less time in what cannot be as easily accounted for—like teaching quality, individual instruction, relationship-building, responsiveness to parents or other teachers, etc. If reporting becomes a tool of control it can constrain teacher autonomy, leading some of the best teachers to exit. Top-down control using accounting-based accountability channels may also demotivate teachers from learning about their students if the teachers cannot make productive use of that information.
So what do we do?
What is the alternative to Accountability ICT, and a focus on strengthening accounting-based accountability? Our answer is to focus on building locally embedded account-based accountability (both horizontally to peers and downwards to communities) in education and beyond.
…
Neither accounting nor technology ought to disappear. Some of the metrics which are the focus of so much energy ought to stay. These metrics shouldn’t be seen as answers to performance and accountability questions, but rather as inputs into a broader process of making an account.
Much of what is currently fashionable in education reform assumes that external catalysts—be they reformers from the capital or outside agencies—are going to provide critical transformative inputs. We think this is unlikely, as it misunderstands both the nature of the problem (a governance and accountability challenge, first and foremost) and the most likely class of solution (strengthening account-based accountability).
https://www.cgdev.org/blog/putting-account-center-accountability
-why-ict-wont-improve-education-systems-and-beyond?utm_source=190529&utm_medium=cgd_
email&utm_campaign=cgd_weekly
“…made manifest…as the Exponents of a new Cause and the Revealers of a new Message. …
“…Manifestations of God have each a twofold station. One is the station of pure abstraction and essential unity. In this respect, if thou callest them all by one name, and dost ascribe to them the same attributes, thou hast not erred from the truth.”
The Bearers of the Trust of God are made manifest unto the peoples of the earth as the Exponents of a new Cause and the Revealers of a new Message. Inasmuch as these Birds of the celestial Throne are all sent down from the heaven of the Will of God, and as they all arise to proclaim His irresistible Faith, they, therefore, are regarded as one soul and the same person. For they all drink from the one Cup of the love of God, and all partake of the fruit of the same Tree of Oneness.
These Manifestations of God have each a twofold station. One is the station of pure abstraction and essential unity. In this respect, if thou callest them all by one name, and dost ascribe to them the same attributes, thou hast not erred from the truth. Even as He hath revealed: “No distinction do We make between any of His Messengers.” For they, one and all, summon the people of the earth to acknowledge the unity of God, and herald unto them the Kawthar of an infinite grace and bounty.
- Gleanings From the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh P.51
Every science is like unto a tree; if the fruit of it is the love of God, that is a blessed tree. Otherwise it is dried wood and finally a food for fire.
With the love of God all sciences are accepted and beloved, but without it, are fruitless; nay, rather the cause of insanity. Every science is like unto a tree; if the fruit of it is the love of God, that is a blessed tree. Otherwise it is dried wood and finally a food for fire.
- ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Bahá’í World Faith, p. 366
…we must exercise extreme patience, sympathy and love toward all mankind, considering no soul as rejected. If we look upon a soul as rejected, we have disobeyed the teachings of God. God is loving to all. Shall we be unjust or unkind to anyone? Is this allowable in the sight of God?
But some souls are weak; we must endeavor to strengthen them. Some are ignorant, uninformed of the bounties of God; we must strive to make them knowing. Some are ailing; we must seek to restore them to health. Some are immature as children; they must be trained and assisted to attain maturity. We nurse the sick in tenderness and the kindly spirit of love; we do not despise them because they are ill. Therefore, we must exercise extreme patience, sympathy and love toward all mankind, considering no soul as rejected. If we look upon a soul as rejected, we have disobeyed the teachings of God. God is loving to all. Shall we be unjust or unkind to anyone? Is this allowable in the sight of God? God provides for all. Is it befitting for us to prevent the flow of His merciful provisions for mankind? God has created all in His image and likeness. Shall we manifest hatred for His creatures and servants? This would be contrary to the will of God and according to the will of Satan, by which we mean the natural inclinations of the lower nature. This lower nature in man is symbolized as Satan – the evil ego within us, not an evil personality outside.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá, The Promulgation of Universal Peace, p. 286-287
During the last six thousand years nations have hated one another, it is now time to stop. War must cease. Let us be united and love one another and await the result. We know the effects of war are bad. So let us try, as an experiment, peace… We have passed many centuries in darkness, let us advance towards the light.
During the last six thousand years nations have hated one another, it is now time to stop. War must cease. Let us be united and love one another and await the result. We know the effects of war are bad. So let us try, as an experiment, peace, and if the results of peace are bad, then we can choose if it would be better to go back to the old state of war! Let us in any case make the experiment. If we see that unity brings Light we shall continue it. For six thousand years we have been walking on the left-hand path; let us walk on the right-hand path now. We have passed many centuries in darkness, let us advance towards the light.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in London, p. 61-62
All the Manifestations of God came with the same purpose, and they have all sought to lead men into the paths of virtue. Yet we, their servants, …have shut our eyes to the underlying principle of all religions, that God is one, that He is the Father of us all, that we are all immersed in the ocean of His mercy and sheltered and protected by His loving care.
All the Manifestations of God came with the same purpose, and they have all sought to lead men into the paths of virtue. Yet we, their servants, still dispute among ourselves! Why is it thus? Why do we not love one another and live in unity? It is because we have shut our eyes to the underlying principle of all religions, that God is one, that He is the Father of us all, that we are all immersed in the ocean of His mercy and sheltered and protected by His loving care.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Paris Talks, p. 120
O my God! O my God! …anticipating Thy favors, hoping for Thy bounty, relying upon Thy kingdom, and intoxicated by the wine of Thy gift. O my God! Increase the fervor of his affection for Thee, the constancy of his praise of Thee, and the ardor of his love for Thee.
Verily, Thou art the Most Generous, the Lord of grace abounding. There is no other God but Thee, the Forgiving, the Merciful.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá
O my God! O my God! This, Thy servant, hath advanced towards Thee, is passionately wandering in the desert of Thy love, walking in the path of Thy service, anticipating Thy favors, hoping for Thy bounty, relying upon Thy kingdom, and intoxicated by the wine of Thy gift. O my God! Increase the fervor of his affection for Thee, the constancy of his praise of Thee, and the ardor of his love for Thee.
Verily, Thou art the Most Generous, the Lord of grace abounding. There is no other God but Thee, the Forgiving, the Merciful.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá
http://www.bahaiprayers.org/spiritual13.htm
O Thou kind Lord! From the horizon of detachment Thou hast manifested souls that, even as the shining moon, shed radiance upon the realm of heart and soul, rid themselves from the attributes of the world of existence and hastened forth unto the kingdom of immortality. With a drop from the ocean of Thy loving-kindness Thou didst oft-times moisten the gardens of their hearts until they gained incomparable freshness and beauty. The holy fragrance of Thy divine unity was diffused far and wide, shedding its sweet savors over the entire world, causing the regions of the earth to be redolent with perfume.
Raise up then, O spirit of Purity, souls who, like those sanctified beings, will become free and pure, will adorn the world of being with a new raiment and a wondrous robe, will seek no one else but Thee, tread no path except the path of Thy good pleasure and will speak of naught but the mysteries of Thy Cause.
O Thou kind Lord! Grant that this youth may attain unto that which is the highest aspiration of the holy ones. Endow him with the wings of Thy strengthening grace—wings of detachment and divine aid—that he may soar thereby into the atmosphere of Thy tender mercy, be able to partake of Thy celestial bestowals, may become a sign of divine guidance and a standard of the Concourse on high. Thou art the Potent, the Powerful, the Seeing, the Hearing.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá
http://www.bahaiprayers.org/youth1.htm
O Thou kind Lord! From the horizon of detachment Thou hast manifested souls that, even as the shining moon, shed radiance upon the realm of heart and soul, rid themselves from the attributes of the world of existence and hastened forth unto the kingdom of immortality. With a drop from the ocean of Thy loving-kindness Thou didst oft-times moisten the gardens of their hearts until they gained incomparable freshness and beauty. The holy fragrance of Thy divine unity was diffused far and wide, shedding its sweet savors over the entire world, causing the regions of the earth to be redolent with perfume.
Raise up then, O spirit of Purity, souls who, like those sanctified beings, will become free and pure, will adorn the world of being with a new raiment and a wondrous robe, will seek no one else but Thee, tread no path except the path of Thy good pleasure and will speak of naught but the mysteries of Thy Cause.
O Thou kind Lord! Grant that this youth may attain unto that which is the highest aspiration of the holy ones. Endow him with the wings of Thy strengthening grace—wings of detachment and divine aid—that he may soar thereby into the atmosphere of Thy tender mercy, be able to partake of Thy celestial bestowals, may become a sign of divine guidance and a standard of the Concourse on high. Thou art the Potent, the Powerful, the Seeing, the Hearing.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá
http://www.bahaiprayers.org/youth1.htm
O Lord! …grant him added strength at the break of every morn and guard him within the shelter of Thy protection so that he may be freed from error, may devote himself to the service of Thy Cause, may guide the wayward, lead the hapless, free the captives and awaken the heedless, that all may be blessed with Thy remembrance and praise. Thou art the Mighty and the Powerful.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá
O Lord! Make this youth radiant, and confer Thy bounty upon this poor creature. Bestow upon him knowledge, grant him added strength at the break of every morn and guard him within the shelter of Thy protection so that he may be freed from error, may devote himself to the service of Thy Cause, may guide the wayward, lead the hapless, free the captives and awaken the heedless, that all may be blessed with Thy remembrance and praise. Thou art the Mighty and the Powerful.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá
http://www.bahaiprayers.org/child10.htm
The operation of the former [the destructive process - as opposed to the integrative one] is everywhere apparent—****in the vicissitudes that have afflicted time-honored institutions, in the impotence of leaders at all levels to mend the fractures appearing in the structure of society, in the dismantling of social norms that have long held in check unseemly passions, and in the despondency and indifference exhibited not only by individuals but also by entire societies that have lost any vital sense of purpose.
http://www.bahairesearch.com/english/Baha’i/Authoritative_Baha’i/The_Universal_House_of_Justice/Framework_for_Action_Letters_2006-2016.aspx
…see in the revolutionary changes taking place in every sphere of life the interaction of two fundamental processes. One is destructive in nature, while the other is integrative; both serve to carry humanity, each in its own way, along the path leading towards its full maturity. …
…the friends appreciate that their task is to identify what is required for progress to occur—the nascent capacity that must be nurtured, the new skill that must be acquired, the initiators of a fledgling effort who must be accompanied, the space for reflection that must be cultivated, the collective endeavor that must be coordinated—and then find creative ways in which the necessary time and resources can be made available to achieve it.
(Ridvan 2014)
the friends appreciate that their task is to identify what is required for progress to occur—the nascent capacity that must be nurtured, the new skill that must be acquired, the initiators of a fledgling effort who must be accompanied, the space for reflection that must be cultivated, the collective endeavor that must be coordinated—and then find creative ways in which the necessary time and resources can be made available to achieve it.
https://universalhouseofjustice.bahai.org/ridvan-messages/20140421_001
It is incumbent in this Day, upon every man to place his whole trust in the manifold bounties of God, and arise to disseminate, with the utmost wisdom, the verities of His Cause. Then, and only then, will the whole earth be enveloped with the morning light of His Revelation.
This is the Day which the Pen of the Most High hath glorified in all the holy Scriptures. There is no verse in them that doth not declare the glory of His holy Name, and no Book that doth not testify unto the loftiness of this most exalted theme…
(Baha’u’llah, Gleanings pp. 13-14)
O Thou forgiving Lord! Thou art the shelter of all these Thy servants. Thou knowest the secrets and art aware of all things. We are all helpless, and Thou art the Mighty, the Omnipotent. We are all sinners, and Thou art the Forgiver of sins, the Merciful, the Compassionate. O Lord! Look not at our shortcomings. Deal with us according to Thy grace and bounty. Our shortcomings are many, but the ocean of Thy forgiveness is boundless. Our weakness is grievous, but the evidences of Thine aid and assistance are clear. Therefore, confirm and strengthen us.
Enable us to do that which is worthy of Thy holy Threshold. Illumine our hearts, grant us discerning eyes and attentive ears. Resuscitate the dead and heal the sick. Bestow wealth upon the poor and give peace and security to the fearful. Accept us in Thy kingdom and illumine us with the light of guidance. Thou art the Powerful and the Omnipotent. Thou art the Generous. Thou art the Clement. Thou art the Kind.
- ‘Abdu’l-Baha, The Promulgation of Universal Peace http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/PUP/pup-62.html#pg176
O contending peoples and kindreds of the earth! Set your faces towards unity, and let the radiance of its light shine upon you. Gather ye together, and for the sake of God resolve to root out whatever is the source of contention amongst you. …
Then will the effulgence of the world’s great Luminary envelop the whole earth, and its inhabitants become the citizens of one city, and the occupants of one and the same throne. This wronged One hath, ever since the early days of His life, cherished none other desire but this, and will continue to entertain no wish except this wish.
- Baha’u’llah (Gleanings)
…an Administration which, as it evolved, would at once incarnate, safeguard and foster its [the Faith’s] spirit.
(WOB, America and the Most Great Peace)
Suffice it to say that at this stage of its evolution the activities of an invincible Faith had assumed such dimensions as to…encourage its supreme Promoter to instruct its followers, through qualified representatives and teachers, in the rudiments of an Administration which, as it evolved, would at once incarnate, safeguard and foster its spirit.
Blessed art thou, that thy heart is connected with the callings of the Kingdom of Abha, so that thou hast dispensed with the telepathic wires of the world, because the terminal of the spiritual wire reached the center of thy heart and the other is placed in the Spiritual Center, vibrating information constantly through the power of the Spirit and successively conveying the great glad-tidings.
This is the station of (or for) every maid-servant whose heart is filled with the love of God and attracted to the Beauty of Abha.
- ‘Abdu’l-Baha (‘Tablets of ‘Abdu’l-Baha, vol. 2)
(TREATX)(2 quot) To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.
You don’t have to live your life the way other people expect you to.
Anger, passion, ignorance, prejudice, greed, envy, covetousness, jealousy and suspicion …
prevent man from ascending to the realms of holiness, imprisoning him …
vaaqeiyat e mohit e khodeshun dark konand va az gozashte dars begirand, rusum va aqaaed-e sunnathaye vahdatzaa-ye khodeshun raa, hefz konand, va az un ke nafaaqafzaah hast, duri konand.
- Firaydoun Javaheri, 2019, Glory of Iran https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=DjIRVaYz8O8&t=51m45s
O people of the world!
The dawn of the Sun of Reality is assuredly for the illumination of the world and for the manifestation of mercy. In the assemblage of the family of Adam results and fruits are praiseworthy, and the holy bestowals of every bounty are abundant.
It is an absolute mercy and a complete bounty, the illumination of the world, fellowship and harmony, love and union; nay, rather, mercifulness and oneness, the elimination of discord and the unity of whosoever are on the earth in the utmost of freedom and dignity. … Life in this mortal world will quickly come to an end, and this earthly glory, wealth, comfort and happiness will soon vanish and be no more. Summon ye the people to God and call the souls to the manners and conduct of the Supreme Concourse… Attach no importance to self-seeking, rejection, arrogance, oppression and enmity. Heed them not. Deal in the contrary way. … Every soul of the friends of God must concentrate his mind on this, that he may manifest the mercy of God and the bounty of the Forgiving One. …
https: //reference.bahai.org/en/t/c/BWF/bwf-1.html
https: //www.facebook.com/T9pastorTinz/photos/a.601764966990043/838029570030247/?type=3&theater
…all this newness hath its source in the fresh outpourings of wondrous grace and favor from the Lord of the Kingdom, which have renewed the world. The people, therefore, must be set completely free from their old patterns of thought, that all their attention may be focused upon these new principles, for these are the light of this time and the very spirit of this age.
www.bahai.org/r/923991223
Unless these Teachings are effectively spread among the people, until the old ways, the old concepts, are gone and forgotten, this world of being will find no peace, nor will it reflect the perfections of the Heavenly Kingdom. Strive ye with all your hearts to make the heedless conscious, to waken those who sleep, to bring knowledge to the ignorant, to make the blind to see, the deaf to hear, and restore the dead to life.
It behooveth you to show forth such power, such endurance, as to astonish all beholders. The confirmations of the Kingdom are with you. Upon you be the glory of the All-Glorious.
Ordain for me, O my Lord, and for those who believe in Thee that which is deemed best for us in Thine estimation, as set forth in the Mother Book, for within the grasp of Thy hand Thou holdest the determined measures of all things. Thy goodly gifts are unceasingly showered upon such as cherish Thy love, and the wondrous tokens of Thy heavenly bounties are amply bestowed on those who recognize Thy divine Unity. We commit unto Thy care whatsoever Thou hast destined for us, and implore Thee to grant us all the good that Thy knowledge embraceth.
Protect me, O my Lord, from every evil that Thine omniscience perceiveth, inasmuch as there is no power nor strength but in Thee, no triumph is forthcoming save from Thy presence, and it is Thine alone to command. Whatever God hath willed hath been, and that which He hath not willed shall not be. There is no power nor strength except in God, the Most Exalted, the Most Mighty.
- The Bab https://reference.bahai.org/en/t/c/BP/bp-110.html
