all Flashcards
(373 cards)
1
Q
What organ is described: left flank tenderness and blood in urine?
A
Kidney is affected
2
Q
thirst, pale, cool, diaphoretic
A
shock
3
Q
T/F We immobilize pt to backboard
A
F (only SMR)
4
Q
T/F If surgery is suspected on the field do not give anything mouth like food or water
A
T (even if thirsty)
5
Q
Shock Treatment
A
O2 and keep warm
6
Q
What is the treatment if the pt is losing blood?
A
admin O2
7
Q
Differential Diagnosis: pt with JVD and sacral (back) edema
A
right heart failure (RHF) - right ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively to the lungs
8
Q
new born ventilation/ normal RR
A
40-60 breaths/minute
9
Q
peds ventilation/ normal RR
A
20-30 breaths/minute
10
Q
Which receptor in the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for constricting blood vessels?
A
Alpha 1
11
Q
Which receptor in the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for slowing down the heart? It is a blocker?
A
Beta 1
12
Q
Which receptor in the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for dilation in the lungs?
A
Beta 2 ( ex: albuteral opens up the lungs)
13
Q
Kussmaul’s breathing
A
rapid deep breathing
14
Q
What are occlusive dressing used for?
A
open chest wounds, eviscerations. and open neck wounds
15
Q
loco parentis
A
acting in place of the parent (ex: teacher or nanny)
16
Q
What happens if the nuchal cord is present?
A
deliver in field
17
Q
ACS SpO2 requirement
A
< 90%
18
Q
If pt is experiencing ACS s/s, when is admin of O2 allowed
A
if O2 <90%/ heart failure/ respiratory distress/ shock/ cyanosis
19
Q
4 Components of negligence
A
- duty to act
- breach of duty (error/ emission)
- pt is harmed
- harm to pt was caused by ems provider
20
Q
what does NHTSA stand for? What do they do?
A
National Highway Traffic Safety and looks over EMS
21
Q
Online medical Direction
A
Call Dr for admin of drugs or to clarify
22
Q
Offline Medical Direction
A
protocols
23
Q
Blood Born Disease
A
Hep B, Hep C, HIV
24
Q
Oral/Fecal Route
A
Hep A
25
Airborne Disease
Flu, TB
26
Which anatomical direction is used for the extremities?
Proximal (upwards) and Distal (downwards)
27
Medial vs Lateral
Medial - towards the center of body
Lateral - away from the center of the body
28
Ventilation
moving air in/out of body
29
Respiration
gas exchange
30
What are the types of gas exchange?
external: outside alveoli/ capillaries
internal: capillary/ cell body
31
perfusion
ability to circulate blood around the entire body
32
Shock
State of inadequate perfusion (hypoperfusion)
33
s/s of shock
rapid P, increased RR, pale/cool/moist skin, anxiety
34
Artery
high pressure, thick walls, high vascular tone, high squeeze
35
Veins
low pressure, thin walls, contain valves to prevent blood flow
36
Capillary
1 thick cell
37
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped from left ventricle per beat
38
vascular tone
squeeze
39
How does contraction and dilation affect the vascular tone?
contraction: increases VT
dilation: decreases VT
40
Vascular Resistance
systemic vascular resistance
41
SVR
Systemic Vascular Resistance/ amount of tone
42
increase in tone
decrease of blood to skin
43
Vasoconstriction (increase in tone)
pale, cool, moist skin
44
Cardiac Output
HR x stroke volume (usually 5L)
45
blood pressure
cardiac output (systolic) x SVR (diastolic)
46
Pulse Pressure
systolic - diastolic
47
high diastolic and low systolic
pt in SHOCK
48
narrowed pulse pressure
SHOCK
49
how much of pulse pressure should the systolic be?
25%
50
Types of Shock
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Distributive
Obstructive
51
Cardiogenic Shock
pump failure
Can occur immediately after an MI or 24 hours after onset of heart attack
52
s/s of cardiogenic shock
anxiety or restlessness
AMS
pale/cool/clammy skin
low pulse
shallow/rapid breathing
nausea and vomiting
hypotension
53
Hypovolemic shock
low volume of blood
caused by:
- trauma
- internal/external bleeding,
- dehydration [adult (nausea, vomiting/diarrhea, pees alot ) and peds (not feeding/vomit/ diarrhea)]
54
s/s of hypovolemic shock
AMS
pale cool clammy skin
nausea and vomiting
tachycardia
tachypnea-shallow and labored
bp drops
increased thirst
dilated pupils
cyanosis around lips/eyes
55
Distributive Shock
enough blood distributed poorly
caused by:
- low VT tone
- anaphylaxis
- sepsis
Neurogenic Shock: caused by spine trauma/thoracic
56
s/s of distributive shock
AMS
tachycardia
tachypnea
low Bp
warm/cool skin
57
Obstructive Shock
caused by tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolus
58
s/s of obstructive shock
AMS
tachycardia
tachypnea
low Bp
JVD (tension pneumo and tamponade)
59
increase in VT
increase in Bp
60
Ryan White CARE Act
notifies provider if ems worker ahas tested positive in a disease
61
T/F Stridor is a upper airway sound
T
62
If pt is in shock, pulse decreases
F
63
Most pt benefit from O2 admin
F
64
You should squeeze asa air as you can from BVM to assure adequate artificial ventilation
F (squeeze until you see chest rise
65
visceral pleura
attached to the lung
66
parietal pleura
attached to the chest wall
67
what is a pneumothorax?
air in the pleura space (starts @ apex/top)
68
What is a hemothorax?
blood in the pleura space (@ the bottom)
69
What is the pleuritic chest pain?
pain that worsens w/ breathing or coughing
70
What happens when you inhale?
lungs become large
(-) pressure on the inside s
diaphragm flattens
thoracic contracts
71
what happens when you exhale?
lungs become smaller
(+) pressure inside
diaphragm goes back to original
72
What cervical vertebreas keep the diaphragm alive?
C 3, 4, 5
73
how long do you suction for?
as long as you need to until the waste is out!
10-15 sec is a good rule of thumb
74
what can happen to the pt if you don't suction when needed?
aspiration or pneumonitis
75
T/F: Never ventilate with waste in the mouth
T
76
When would you do CAB over ABC during assessment?
when pt seems lifeless ( not moving, not talking, not breathing)
if no pulse -> CPR
77
Which sound indicates suction?
gurgling
78
Wheezing sound
lower airway
bronchoconstriction, asthma, COPD
79
Fine Crackles/ Rales
lower airway (hear in bases- fluid in alveoli)
pulmonary edema
80
Coarse Crackles/ Rhonchi
lower airway (rattling sound- phlegm)
air passing through mucous/junk
81
Stridor
upper airway (high-pitched sound)
obstruction of object, edema(anaphylaxis)
82
Oral airway indications
unresponsive and no gag reflex
83
Oral airway contradictions
gag reflex
84
nasal airway indications
AMS and gag reflex ( lubricated)
85
nasal airway contradictions
skull fracture/ face trauma
86
Respiratory Distress
SOB, difficulty breathing
breathing enough to live
can talk 5-6 sentences
87
treatment for resp distress
admin O2 via non-rebreather or nasal canula
88
Respiratory Failure
not breathing enough to live
can talk 1-2 words
either irregular rate or depth
89
treatment for resp failure
ventilate pt with BVM
90
tidal volume
amount take in per 1 breath
91
what is the usual tidal volume for a person?
500 mL
92
minute volume
tidal volume x RR
93
dead air space
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles (150 mL)
space where O2 exchange does not take place
94
alveolar volume
(tidal volume - dead air space) x RR
95
T/F tidal volume change but dead air does not
T
96
What happens when tidal volume decreases?
respiratory failure
97
when would nasal cannula or non-breather administered?
pt in resp distress
98
When would it be appropriate to use a BVM?
pt in resp failure
gives (+) pressure
99
what are agonal breaths?
occasional grasping breaths/ dying breaths
100
what do agonal breaths indicate?
respiratory arrest
101
BVM adult rate
1/ 6 sec
102
BVM peds rate
1/ 2-3 sec
103
BVM neonate rate
1/ 1.5 sec
104
Non-rebreather rate
10-15 L/ min
105
Concentration of NBR
88-90%
for profound hypoxia( distress/shock)
106
What would happen if you ventilate a pt too much?
Vomiting and hypotension
107
Nasal Cannula rate
1-6 L/min
108
Concentration of NC
22-44%
for mild hypoxia
109
T/F unresponsive person can have CPAP
F
110
what kind of mental status does someone have they can complain of something? "complains of "
normal mental status
111
what words describe criticality/respiratory failure?
sleepy, tired, gasping, shallow, slow fast
112
SICK pt
AMS - hypoxia, hypoglycemia, shock
pale cool moist skin
ACS/stroke
JVD=diminished lung sounds (tension pneumo)
JVD=shock (tamponade)
113
T/F Pt should prioritize scene safety and Primary assessment
T
114
T/F vitals are usually last during pt assessment
T
115
T/F You treat the life-threatening conditions first
T
116
What should you check when pt has problems with central nervous system?
BEFAST
grip strength
pupils
mental status/changes
117
What should you check when pt has problems with endocrine system?
Hx( recent illness)
oral intake (time) and meds
BG monitoring (70-110 mg)
ask if exercised or vomited
118
What should you check when pt has problems with cardiac/respiratory system?
Hx (symptoms, sudden/gradual, DOE)
risk factors- increased Bp/ cholesterol)
lung sounds, pedal edema/ JVD, abdominal ascites (fluid), weight gain
119
What can pleuritic chest pain indicate?
pneumothorax - (ascultate)
pulmonary embolism (Hx)
MI (Hx/ECG)
Chest Trauma (palp)
fractured rib
pneumonia
spontaneous pneumothorax
120
Asthma: gradual or sudden onset
sudden
121
pneumonia: gradual or sudden onset
gradual ( cough, fever, chills, for days)
122
hyperglycemia: gradual or sudden onset
gradual
123
slurred speech and old age likely to be...
stroke
124
slurred speech and young age likely to be...
hypoglycemia
125
high Bp
high ICP
126
low Bp
shock
127
narrowed Bp
shock
128
peds bp calculation
90 + 2x age
129
Assessment technique
least invasive to most invasive
inspection -> auscultation -> palpation -> percussion (hollow organ)
130
Priority: crashing/unstable
load and go
131
Priority: time sensitivity (Mi/stroke)
transport promptly
132
Priority: Stable
secondary assessment on scene
133
billateral axillary circulation syndrome
pulse felt @ carotid, but not on radiuses
134
Nipple line
T4 on Spine
135
pertussis
whooping cough (lung sounds needed to diagnose)
136
chest pain with different bp on each arm (drastic difference)
aortic dissection
137
T/F you should check pulse of an unresponsive pt who's not breathing for longer than 10 secs
F (10 sec max)
138
vasovagal syncope
pass out and then wake up in a few min
139
s/s of opioid overdose
decreased RR/ resp depressant
140
s/s of respiratory distress
SOB, difficulty breathing, accessory muscle use
increase work for breathing
141
spontaneous pneumothorax: sudden or gradual onset
sudden
142
important Hx for respiratory assessment
DOE, weight gain, # of pillows, pleuritic chest pain
143
O2 decreases, RR increases
COPD, emphysema, chromic bronchitis
144
asthma
bronchoconstriction
145
asthma triggers
exercising, allergies, and respiratory infections
146
asthmatic airway
wall inflamed and thick
147
asthmatic airway during attack
inflamed wall/thickened and tightened smooth muscle
air trapped in alveoli
148
asthma treatment
rescuer inhaler (albuetrol) and maintenance inhaler (steroid)
149
silent chest
deadly chest
150
albuterol
B2 agonist = bronchodialation
151
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
152
Emphysema
85-90% CAUSED BY SMOKING
have damaged alveoli/ lose of elasticity (causes air to trap)
153
s/s of emphysema
barrel chest
tired (100% of energy needed)
CO2 retention
exacerbated by infection
154
Chronic Bronchitis
a lot of mucus present in the alveoli
narrows airways = restricts movement
exacerbated by infection
155
s/s of pneumonia
infection
fever, productive cough, SOB, decreased SPO2, pleuritic chest pain
156
pulmonary edema
fluid in lungs (goes to the bases)
result of left HF (sends blood to lungs)
157
s/s of pulmonary edema
SOB, resp distress, orthopnea, DOE, rales/fine crackles, pink frothy sputum during coughs
158
treatment for pulmonary edema
CPAP
159
Pulmonary embolism
perfusion issue
DVT ( deep vein thrombosis) - from legs to lungs
causes blockage
160
types of pulmonary embolism
massive= death
submassive = not dead
161
s/s of pulmonary embolism
immobile (long travels, cast, bedridden), difficulty breathing, shock
162
Pulmonary Embolism: sudden or gradual onset
sudden
163
T/F lungs are clear for Pulmonary embolism
T
164
CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
165
contradiction for CPAP
AMS, hypotension, resp failure
166
common peds respiratory problems
Epiglottis, FBAO, Croup, RSV, Pertussis
167
Epiglottitis
vaccine available
inflamed epiglottis blocking airway
DO NOT AGITATE OR PROBE AIRWAY
168
s/s of epiglottitis
difficulty swallowing and drooling
169
FBAO
Foreign body airway obstruction
170
treatment for FBAO
birth- 1yr: back slaps and chest thrusts
1 yr- adult: abdominal thrusts and CPR
171
Croup/ laryngotracheobronchitis
infection
mostly in peds cases
172
s/s of croup
seal-bark coughs
173
treatment of croup
admin O2
174
RSV
respiratory system virus
affects lower airway
vaccine available
175
s/s of RSV
profound difficulty of breathing, dehydration, weakness
176
Type 1 DM
insulin dependent
child onset
pancreas does not create insulin
177
Type 2 DM
not insulin dependent
adult onset
limited insulin/ insulin resistance
178
hyperglycemia
increase BG/ > 110
179
s/s hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
hot/dry skin
abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting
180
hyperglycemia: sudden or gradual onset
gradual
181
hypoglycemia
low BG/ <70
182
s/s of hypoglycemia
AMS, incereased P, increases RR, pale/cool/moist skin
(sympathetic NS)
pt looks SICK
183
treatment for hypoglycemia
glucose strip (15 grams)
184
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Hyperglycemic state
Type 1- no insulin = no glucose used
body starts using proteins and fats to burn fuel and turns into acid
185
s/s of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
breath odor (fruit/acetone), rapid breathing/Kussmal's breathing, BG <400
186
Hyper glycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Type 2
some insulin = no/less acid formed
very large BG (700 +)
187
s/s of HHS
3 polys and AMS
188
T/F if someone is stable but faced and electrical trauma, it is good t look at vitals to pulse
T ( electricity can mess w/ it)
189
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
190
4 considerations for O2 administration
1. complaint (ACS/trauma)
2. O2 saturation
3. distress/ instability (cyanosis/accessory muscle use)
4. Pt normal SP)2 (88-90%)
191
treatment: bleeding, pale, tachycardia
admin O2
192
Stable angina pectoris
reduced blood flow
being active causes chest pain
after treatment pain is gone
193
treatment for stable angina
nitro and rest
194
Unstable angine pectoris
reduced blood flow to heart muscles
being active or at rest chest pain occurs
does not ease with meds
195
MI/ heart attack
blockage of coronary arteries = death of tissue
can come from being active
does not ease with meds
196
s/s of angina pectoris
chest pain resides with rest, described as squeezing, crushing, or if ajj n elephant is sitting on the pt’s chest pain can radiate to jaw, left arm, should, mid-back, and upper abdomen
197
s/s of MI
chest pain occurs when a pt is sitting/sleeping, past can last for 30 min and more, SOB, pain radiates to jaw/shoulder, epigastric pain, nausea, sweating
198
compression fraction
amount of time in a code spent during compressions (at least 80%)
199
ROSC
return of spontaneous circulation
200
how does bradycardia affect cardiac output?
decreases CO
201
how does tachycardia affect cardiac output?
decreases CO
202
what does pump failure cause?
MI
203
how much pleuritic chest pain problems are related to MI?
10-15%
204
what do pedal and sacral edema prove?
RHF
205
CPR: adult
30:2 (1 or 2 rescuers)
2 inch
206
CPR: peds
30:2 (1 rescuer) 15:2 (2 rescuer)
2 inch
207
CPR: neonate
3:1
208
neonate HR decreases below 100
ventilate
209
neonate HR decreases below 60
CPR
210
T/F Never check pulse during CPR (only after ROCS)
T
211
What if AED says "no shock advised"?
continue compressions
212
ischemic stroke
blockage
artery blockage or embolic
80-85%
213
s/s of ischemic stroke
vague
facial droop arm drift
hard to identify
214
types of ischemic shock
thrombotic and embolic
215
s/s of thrombotic stroke
clop developed
waxing and waining
like TIA
216
s/s of embolic stroke
a-fib
clot
217
hemorrhagic stoke
15-20 %
bleeding in the brain
bit more painful
218
s/s of hemorrhagic stroke
pain
219
hemorrhagic stroke: sudden or gradual onset
sudden
220
s/s of all strokes
asymmetry, slurred speech, facial droop, unilateral weakness, pronator adrift
221
stroke mimics
hypoglycemia, seizures, migraines, bell's palsy
222
BEFAST
balance loss, eyesight changes, face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, time to call 911
223
5 Ds for posteriors circulation strokes
Diplopia, dizziness/dystaxia, dysarthria, dysphasia, dysphagia
224
diplopia
double vision/ vision disturbance
225
dystaxia
loss of coordination
226
dysarthria
muscle involved in speech do not work
227
dysphasia
can nor receive/ express speech properly
228
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
229
Transient Ischemic Strok (TIA)
mini stroke that last 30-1hr
WARNING stroke- 30% chance of having a stroke with 90 days
230
T/F EMT admin insulin
F
231
atrial fibrillation
irregular pulse
232
T/F always tell the truth when dealing w/ a psych pt
T
233
T/F Anaphylaxis is life-threatening
T
234
T/F Allergic rxn is life-threatening
F
235
the allergy antibody
IgE protein
236
anaphylactoid
just like anaphylaxis rxn but w/o sensation
237
epinephrine
treatment for anaphylaxis
adult: 0.3 mg peds: 0.15 mg
classifies as sympathamimetric
238
s/s of anaphylaxis
increases capillary permeability (leaky capilaries)
hives, swelling of the airway, decrease bp, wheezing
239
vasodilation
lose of VT = decrease of bp
240
uticaria
hives
241
angioedema
swelling of the airway
242
bronchoconstriction
wheezes
243
what kid of drug is epinephrine?
Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2
244
how to diagnose anaphylaxis (1 of 3 )
1. sudden onset of hives, itching/flushing, swollen lips, tongue, uvula
2. 2+ respiratory problems/ GI symptoms
3. decrease bp after exposure
245
Biphasic rxn
the anaphylaxis come back after few hours (10-12)
246
psych crisis
unusual, bizarre, dangerous behavior that alarms people around or themselves
247
anxiety
state of heightened arousel
increased HR
"crawling of skin"
248
phobia
irrational fear
249
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces
250
psychosis
loss touch of reality
251
schizophrenia
disease of psychosis
252
suicide risk factors
single, widowed, divorced, depression, alcohol/drugs, Hx of previous attempts, same sex parent suicide, hopelessness
253
sickle cell anemia (SCA)
red blood cells shaped curved
causes blocks/ vaso-occlusive
254
s/s of sickle cell anemia
chest pain, stomach pain, pain during erection
255
s/s of opioid overdose
respiratory depressant/ decreases RR
constricted pupils
cardiac arrest
256
melena
dark, starry, smelly poop
digestive blood in bowel moves
257
hematochezia
bright red blood out of the urinary tract
258
hematemesis
coffee-ground blood in the vomit ( digestive blood)
or
bright-red vomit (fresh from esophagus)
259
what causes some inaccuracies in pulse ox?
cool skin, poor circulation, dark nail polish, older people
260
ictus/postical
after the seizure and pt gradually returns to conscious
261
tonic seizures
stiffening
pt an fall and hit their head
262
clonic seizures
jerking motion
263
epilepsy
person who has a seizure disorder
264
causes of seizures
head trauma, head aches, tumors, or idiopathic
265
first seizure
need to be transported immediately
can be a sign of an underlying problem
266
subsequent seizures
people who have seizures again and again
they take meds, so the lack of meds can cause it
pt may not want care
267
status epilectus
deadly
2 seizures without a period of consciousness between them
take to to hospital immediately
268
why do pt lie about seizures?
so they can get their driver's license
so ask bystanders for facts
269
types of seizures
partial and generalized
270
partial seizures
1 hemisphere
some level of responsiveness
271
types of partial seizures
focal: one arm/finger/ leg might shake
complex: affects more of the body
272
generalized seizures
2 hemispheres
loss of responsiveness
tonic/clonic seizures
273
absence seizures
generalized seizure
no responsiveness
AMS but might look like they are just staring at something
274
seizure treatment
protect pt (move objects away and protect head)
no meds given
nothing by mouth
give O2 when it stops
275
T/F you should restrain/ restrict motion when pt is seizing
F
276
what should you do if pt is in status epliectus develops?
transpot immediately or call ALS
277
T/F meningitis can cause seizures
T
278
T/F migraines can cause seizures
F
279
how would a pt feel if they had an aneurysm?
tearing pain
280
trauma emergencies
80% physical exam 20% Hx
281
trauma emergencies treatment
identify criticality
TRANSPORT
282
how do pt look when they have bronchial transection, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax?
SICK
283
simple pneumothorax lung sounds
lungs sound clear @ first
become diminished as more air to fill up
284
sympathetic nervous system
between thoracic and lumbar region
fight/flight response (increase P and increase RR)
285
T/F unexplained shock in trauma is usually attributed to chest/abdomen until proven wrong
T
286
3 fluid spaces
intracellular fluid (28 L)
plasma (3L)
interstitial fluid (11 L)
287
arterial bleeding
spurting, pulsating, bright red blood
hard to control
288
venous bleeding
slow, steady flow, dark red/maroon blood
easy to control
289
capillaries bleeding
slow ooze, very low pressure
290
bleeding control
APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE FIRST
291
bleeding control: extremities
tourniquet
292
bleeding control: armpit and groin
junctional tourniquet
293
bleeding control: torso
wound packing, hemostatic agents
294
Tension pneumothorax
blocks vena cava = decrease preload
(more of a circulatory problem)
295
s/s of tension pneumothorax
low bp, JVD, diminished/ absent lung sounds
296
treatment for tension pneumothorax
seal chest wound
297
cardiac tamponade
caused by penetrating trauma (stab)
high pressure on heart dues to blood filling in the pericardium = low preload
298
s/s of cardiac tamponade
JVD, low bp, muffled heart sounds
lungs are normal!
299
s/s of pneumothorax
diminished lung sounds ( starting @ apex)
bp, JVD, heart sounds normal
300
s/s of hemothorax
diminished lung sounds (starting @ base), low bp
Heart sounds, JVD normal
301
trauma triad of death
hypothermia, clotting disorders, acidosis/ anaerobic metabolism
302
flail chest
2 ribs are broken at 2/more places
causes paradoxical breathing
303
T/F solid organs bleed and hollow organs spill
T
304
evisceration
all the insides come out
305
treatment for evisceration
sterile saline and dressing to cover the organs (keep them moist)
306
T/F you put the organs from evisceration back into the body
F
307
T/F No spinal motion restrictions for penetrating trauma
T
308
beck's triad (seen in tamponade)
hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds
309
T/F Pulse pressure increases as ICP increase
T
310
trauma triage guidelines
RR>29, injuries, MOI, age, Hx
311
sounds of lungs in pulmonary contusion
rales
312
T/F for GSW look for an exit woud after applying pressure
T
313
T/F if impaled object is in cheek and you can not see tip, take it out
F (stabilize in place)
314
T/F if there is major bleeding in the RUQ, then it is important to transport immediately
T
315
abrasion
scrape
316
laceration
cut/wound/incision
317
avulsion
flap of skin torn from body
318
treatment for amputation
1. control bleed
2. treat shock
3. wrap amputated part in most sterile gauze and put into a bag
4. put bag into a bag of ice
319
T/F Do not submerge/freeze amputated part
T
320
open neck injury treatment
direct pressure
occlusive dressing
321
contradiction for spinal motion restriction
penetrating trauma
322
T/F bleeding causes ICP to increase
T
323
s/s of increased ICP
irregular respirations, increase bp, decreased P, AMS, unequal pupils
324
Cushing's triad
irregular breathing
high bp
low P
325
subdural hematoma
under dura venous bleeding
caused by head injuries, falls, alcohol, elderly
326
subdural hematoma: sudden or gradual onset
gradual
327
epidural hematoma
outer layer of dura
arterial bleed
has a lucid period
328
epidural hematoma: sudden or gradual onset
sudden
329
lucid period
pt loses consciousness, then regains it, and then is unresponsive again
330
intracerebral hematoma
bleed within the brain itself
PT LOOKS SICK
331
spine T1-6
sympathetic rxn
breathing, pulse, shock
332
lumbar spine
controls the legs
walking, run, etc
333
ligament
bone to bone
334
tendon
muscle to bone
335
T/F before and after stabilizing a musculoskeletal injury, check CSM
T
336
stabilizing extremities
immobilize in place
if long bone injured and no pedal pulse, then straighten to anatomical position
337
stabilizing joints
splint as found
unless no pulse found and manipulate slightly
338
traction splinting
only for open/closed FEMUR fracture
bleeding control device
339
pelvic fracture
lots of bleeding
transport immediately
340
rules of 9 (adult)
head: 9
front torso: 18
back torso: 18
1 arm: 9
1 leg: 18
341
rules of 9 (peds)
head: 18
front torso: 18
back torso: 18
1 arm: 9
1 leg: 13.5
342
T/F rules of 9 applies to superficial, partial, and full thickness burns
F (only partial and full)
343
superficial burns
sunburn
344
partial thickness burn
paper and some blistering
345
full thickness burn
charring and black
346
evaluating spinal injuries
check csm and strength test
347
why can fractures be harmful for children?
they can effect the growth plates
so treat it immediately
348
T/F orthostatic hypotension could be normal with geriatric pt
T
349
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy happens outside of the uterus (mostly in the fallopian tubes)
350
s/s of ectopic pregnancy
low abdomen during preggy years
351
what causes the abdominal pain in pregnant women?
ovarian cysts
352
placenta previa
placenta blocks the cervix
353
s/s of placenta previa
vaginal bleeding w/o pain
354
placental abruption
premature separation of placenta from the uterine wall
usually caused buy trauma/labor
355
s/s of placenta abruption
lots of bleeding with pain
356
when is manual uterine displacement needed?
CPR
to prevent supine hypotension syndrome
357
treatment for vaginal bleeding after delivery
fundal massage or sanitary napkins
358
T/F do a routine suction for a neonate just delivered
F
359
when do you suction a neonate?
when it's in distress
360
bradycardia in a neonate
hypoxia
361
crowning
see baby's head
362
acrocyanosis
pink torso, blue extremities
363
clamping cord
6 inch from baby and 3 inch from first clamp
364
pediatric seizures
febrile and cool the down
365
pertussis
common in peds
caused by bacteria and acquired from family
366
s/s of pertussis
rapid/high-pitched coughing, whooping sound whil inhaling
367
T/F transport pt with prolapsed cord immediately
T ( hold baby's head in vagina)
368
RED triage
Criticality
AMS, signs of shock, RR>29
if closed was opens and maintained
369
GREEN triage
walking/wounded
abke to follow directions
370
BLACK triage
deceased/ expected to be deceased
no pulse and airway closed ( unable to maintain)
371
YELLOW triage
not red or green
broken leg
normal mental status
372
T/F alpha requires the least amount of shielding
T
373
Where does triage and treatment happen in a MCI?
Cold zone
