All Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
What are the sectors of care?
A
Statutory
Voluntary
Private
Informal
2
Q
What is the statutory sector of care?
A
Care services have to be provided by law. Usually provided by public or government - controlled care organisations, such as NHS trust
3
Q
What is the voluntary sector of care?
A
Care services provided free of charge or for a small subsidised fee - by non-profit making organisations.
4
Q
What is the private sector of care?
A
Care services provided for people who are willing and able to pay for them. Organisations and practitioners who work in this way are known as the ‘private sector’
5
Q
What is the informal sector of care?
A
Care provided by relatives and friends on an unpaid basis, outside of the professional care system
6
Q
What are the positives of the voluntary sector of care?
A
- sometimes get grants from the state
- fill a need or gap in the community
- encourage community cohesiveness
- not profit driven
- small charge or no charge required
- run by volunteers
7
Q
What are the negatives of the voluntary sector of care?
A
- need volunteers to continue
- May close because of lack of resources
- can’t compete with private organisations
8
Q
What are the positives of the private sector of care?
A
- Standard of care is better (some think)
- gives service users choice
- offer more services
- gives people the choice to mix care
- reduces waiting times
- faster care improves treatment outcome
9
Q
What are the negatives of the private sector care?
A
- creates a two tier society
- some think they are profit driven
- grab market as they have the resources and staff
10
Q
What is the mixed economy of care?
A
A care system that combines: - public (statutory) - private - voluntary - informal Each are funded in different ways, hence 'mixed' economy.
11
Q
What are the advantages of the mixed economy of care?
A
- Greater choice for service users
- greater flexibility in the range of services offered
- more responsive to needs
- more cost-effective
- better quality of services
12
Q
What are the negatives of the mixed economy of care?
A
- two tier society
- not as cost-effective as initially thought
- geographical unevenness
13
Q
What are the three core principles of the NHS? And why are they important?
A
- that it meets the needs of everyone
- free at the point of delivery
- based on clinical need, not the ability to pay
They are important as they stop inequality and discrimination
14
Q
What is an audit?
A
And audit is an official inspection from an outside company of another certain companies accounts, files and facilities. It allows the care to be checked within an organisation.
15
Q
Why is effective communication important?
A
- gives the chance to identify risks
- maintain standards
- create trust
16
Q
Why are complaints procedures important?
A
They can:
- make things change in an organisation
- give patients a voice about their own care
- supports the idea of redress
17
Q
What is empowerment and what can it do?
A
This is where patients gain more control over decisions and actions that affect them. Empowerment can:
- stop stereotyping
- promote dignity
- improve patients self-worth
- improve happiness
18
Q
What is a named nurse?
A
A name to nurse is a nurse that is designated to one particular patients care and needs. They are there for the service user to talk to and ask questions. And to observe and monitor their designated patient.
19
Q
What does confidentiality enable and when can it be breached?
A
It enables…
- effective communication
- safety
- well being
- trust
- respect
If dangerous information is received where the care worker believes the service user or someone else to be at risk, confidentiality can be breached.
20
Q
What is the private sector?
A
It is that for those who can afford as it costs money, but they tend to receive treatment sooner. Some examples of services provided include plastic surgeons, private nurseries, private dentists and private care homes.
21
Q
What are the care values?
A
- confidentiality
- respect for differences
- equality in care practice
- people’s rights
- anti discriminatory practice
- support and advocacy
22
Q
What is the care planning cycle? And what is it based upon?
A
- Assessment
- Planning
- Implementing
- Monitoring
- Evaluating/Review
It is based upon individual needs
23
Q
What are the types of assessment? (Care Planning)
A
- financial
- carers
- care programme approach
- family
- young carers assessment
- occupational therapy
- risk assessment
24
Q
What is the second stage of care planning?
A
The plan of care
25
What should the care plan include?
- Identifying the individuals care needs
- setting goals or objectives that care workers should aim to meet
- identify the type of care the person requires
- carefully selected care interventions to meet needs
26
What is the third and fourth stage of care planning?
Implementing and monitoring the care
27
What is the first stage of care planning?
Needs assessment
28
What is the implementing and monitoring of the care?
It should be monitored and changes should be documented. This information is required for the final evaluation/review stage.
29
What is the independent sector?
Collective term for private and voluntary care sectors
30
Informal carers
```
Parents
Neighbours
Friends
Young carers
Carers
Parent carers
```
31
Carers jobs
```
Cooking and cleaning
Shopping
Providing emotional support
Washing and dressing
Toileting
Caring for siblings and pets
```
32
What problems do carers face?
```
Lack of support
Stress
Can affect a child carers education
Anxiety and worry
Physically tiring
Social exclusion, marginalisation
Loneliness
Affects job opportunities
Difficulty maintaining property and environment
```
33
What is the Department of Health (DoH)?
It is responsible for funding both health and social care England
34
What is NHS England?
An independent body
They have to manage £100 billion of NHS budget
Direct money to the clinical commissioning groups, NHS England commissions primary care services such as GP surgeries, pharmacies and dentists
35
What is the clinical commissioning group (CCG)?
Responsible for health care services in the local area and about 60% of the NHS budget.
Commission most secondary care services - NHS 111, out of hours, emergency and urgent
Commission private sector as long as NHS meets standards
36
What are health and wellbeing boards?
Set up local commission to strengthen local relationships
37
What are vanguards?
- there are 50 in the country
- they are set up to investigate best care models
- groups of local commissions
38
Why has funding for statutory care increased in the past 30 years?
- ageing population creates problems for health and social care services
- living longer due to improved medical care
- invested in drug trials, improved training/equipment
- invested in education - preschool education, nursery voucher scheme - improve outcomes for all children
- social care - elderly who need support
39
Mental Health Act 1983
- displays rules for compulsory admission to hospital if a person with mental illness becomes a risk to health and safety of others
- hospitals have to follow the mental health code of practice
- members of the mental health commission regularly visit hospitals which are detained under the act and offer them support
40
What is sectioning?
- people are detained in a psychiatric unit against their will
- cannot leave the unit without permission
- may have to accept treatment for their condition
- lose their legal right temporarily
- participate in therapy
41
What are formal patients?
Have their rights taken away
| Can't leave until given permission
42
What are informal patients?
They can come and go as they please
Voluntary
Still have their normal rights
43
Why is legislation regularly reviewed?
- reflect changes in society
- make problem aware of changes
- close loopholes in legislation
- check legislation is effective
- be up to date
- pressure groups lobbying government
44
Children's Act 1989
- children consulted about all decisions
- parents continue to have responsibility
- if possible child brought up by family
- welfare of child is paramount
- parents of children in need receive support
45
Human Rights Act 1998
- right to life
- right to liberty
- right to enjoy and protect own possessions
- right to freedom from torture, in humane or degrading treatment
- right to marry and have a family
- freedom from unfair discrimination
- freedom of thought and expression
46
Missions statement
- formal summary of aims and values of a company, organisation or individual
- a written declaration of an organisation care purpose and focus
- explains it's purpose for being and helps employees to remain focused
47
Code of practice
- Set of written regulations issued by a professional association or an official body
- explains how people working in a particular profession should behave
- helps workers to comply with ethical and health standards
48
Quality assurance
General process of monitoring and evaluating whether specific standards of service quality have been achieved
49
Clinical governance
Process of improving the quality of care services by controlling and improving work systems in care organisations
50
Charters
Documents that set out the targets and standards of service that care organisations seek to achieve in its work with service users
51
Quality standards
Statements of performance or outcomes that define an acceptable level of service
52
Standards
Statements of acceptable performance and outcome
53
Task culture
- small team
- work as a network
- revolves around completing a task
- given control of how they get jobs done
- flexible, adaptable and promotes collaborative problem fixing
54
Person culture
- culture is based on the individual
- they are the centre point of focus
- professional independence and control own work
- individual has strong values about how to work
- they do not have big political/social/moral goals
55
Effects of organisational culture
- influence decision making
- management style
- accountability
- goals and objectives
- high staff turnover
- actions and behaviour
- staff moral
56
Barriers to organisational culture
- responsibility of senior management
- recruitment of those who have some values
- encouragement of individual to have some goals
- induction programmes help individual feel part of organisation
- review and appraisal schemes - feelings and reviews respected
57
Paramountcy principle
Putting welfare of the child first in all decisions affecting them
58
Role culture
- clear systems and procedures
- highly structured and stable care setting
- role titles and descriptions
- predictable and consistent system
- coordination of workers occurs from top
- bureaucracy - lots of people to go through
59
Power culture
- spider web
- small organisations
- care settings and in support groups
- power from top (centre), spider has more power, those closer to the spider have more power, those in web are dependent on spider
60
Normalisation
- mainly associated with disabled people/mental health
- care practitioners develop individualised care plans - aim of normalising a persons life
- reinterpreting individuals into society
- helping overcome stigmatisation
61
The welfare state
- After war many were derived and poor
- William Beveridge identified issues that needed tackling
- 1942
62
The welfare state ("giants on the road to reconstruction")
- Idleness
- Poverty
- Disease
- Ignorance
- Squalor
63
The welfare state
| How he proposed to defeat the giants
- Social Security
- NHS
- Free education
- Council housing
- Full employment
64
Negative of the welfare state
It is expensive and the NHS cannot financially cope with demand
65
Family Allowance Act
| The Welfare State
1945
| Providing an allowance to families for all children except the first
66
National Insurance Act
| The Welfare State
1946
A comprehensive contributory scheme designed to help cover people's loss of earnings because of unemployment, retirement, sickness, disability or widowhood
67
Examples of services within the statutory sector
- Ambulance
- Social Services
- NHS Hospitals
- GP Surgery
68
Examples of services within the private sector
- Private Care Home
- Private Nursery
- Private Dental Practice
69
Examples of services within the voluntary sector
- Drivers
- Play Groups
- Support Groups
70
What are the benefits of multi-disciplinary meetings?
- Different knowledge
- Review care plan
- Different experiences
- Could be used for immediate advice/knowledge
- Share skills and ideas
71
What are the negatives of multi-disciplinary meetings?
- Mistakes and overlaps can be made
| - No one person takes overall responsibility
72
The Healthcare Commission
-Now Care Quality Commission (CQC)
73
What is Organisational Culture?
Values, beliefs and assumptions that influence the practices, procedures, ways of working and 'atmosphere' of an organisation.
"THE WAY WE DO THINGS"
74
Empowerment
- The process of enabling or authorising A person to gain control over their life
- Can be achieved by helping service users to take an acute part in the care planning process
75
Networking
-Networks are informal links that are made within and between different groups, which could be in the same or different organisations
76
Benefits of Networking
- Help people share information and provide support
- It can be a more effective way of spreading/sharing information than formal communications
- They can help people feel a sense of belonging
- Can create positive practical outcomes
77
What should the individual care plan include?
- Identifying the individuals care needs
- Setting goals or objectives that the care workers should aim to achieve by the care provided
- Identify the type of care that the person requires and the way it will be provided for them
- Care intervention should be carefully selected to meet individuals specific care needs
78
Positives of care planning
- Effective way of recognising particular needs
- plant care is more likely to be targeted at an individual's priority needs
- Increases the consistency and efficiency of care delivery
- Provides a common focus and source of information for all care team members to use
- Monitoring and evaluating care ensures that care interventions remain effective and appropriate to an individuals changing needs
79
What is evaluated in the evaluation of care?
- Has the care plan goals been achieved?
- Has care provided been effective?
- Have the different care providers been effective?
- Does the individual think that progress has been achieved?
- Do you have a care providers think progress has been achieved?
- Have the individuals needs changed?
80
Importance of the awareness of cultural identity
- Normalisation promoted
- Avoid indirect discrimination
- Cater for everyone's beliefs
- Ask what that would prefer (male/female doctor)
- Equality Act 2010
- Safety and security needs
- Chaperone service
- Accessible for everyone (prevents marginalisation)
- Prevents neglect
- Providing an inclusive service
- Community cohesiveness
- Increase service user involvement
81
Ofsted
- Inspect schools, academies, educational institutions, childcare, adoption and fostering agencies and initial teacher training
- They judge the overall effectiveness of the organisation
1-Outstanding
2-Good
3-Satisfactory
4-Inadequate
82
Care Quality Commission (CQC)
- They monitor, inspect and regulate health and social care services and they publish the findings
- Inspect ambulances, care homes, children services, clinics, in the community, dentist, GPs and doctors, hospices, hospitals, mental health, secure settings, services in the home
1-Outstanding
2-Good
3-Requires improvement
4-Inadequate
83
Accountability
- General Social Care Council (GSCC)
- General Medical Council (GMC)
- Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
84
GMC
4 main functions:
1. Keeping an up-to-date register of qualified doctors
2. Developing good medical practice
3. Promoting high standards of medical education
4. Dealing with poor performing doctors his practice does not meet the standards required
THEY PROTECT PATIENTS FROM
HARM - could include removing the doctor from the register so they are unable to practice
85
NMC
4 main functions:
1. Maintains a register of qualified nurses, midwives and health visitors
2. Set standards for education practice and conduct
3. Provides advice to nurses, midwives and health visitors
4. Considers allegations of misconduct or unfitness to practice due to ill health
IF GUILTY OF MISCONDUCT, NMC REMOVE FROM REGISTER
86
GSCC
Responsible for:
1. Keeping a register of social care professionals
2. Training and education of social care workers
3. Developing the code of practice for social care workers
REGULATORY BODIES
87
Benefits of organisations that promote standards
- Advice and guidance
- Provide training for professionals
- Set standards, fall below standards: they can be reported to their registration unit
- Monitor standards
- Register of qualified professionals, promotes trust
- Code of conduct, fall below standards, struck off
88
Ways in which quality assurance can be checked
- Questionnaires
- Progress over time
- Staff: training, retention, recruitment
- Audit: benchmark for standards, form of inspection
- Complaints procedure
- Interviews
- National service frameworks (charters, etc.)
- Policies and procedures
- Forums: open meetings for everyone
- Professional bodies e.g. GSCC, NMC, GMC
- Number of accidents: morbidity and mortality
- Charters
89
What are audits used for?
- Highlights good practice as well as identify poor practice
- Measures how effective organisation is
- Benchmark to check standards
- Set priorities and actions
- Reflection
- Identify gaps in service provision
- Complaints less likely
- Staff training/recruitment/retention
- Promote quality improvements
- Highlights accountability
- Audit measures standards
- Highlight gaps in provision and training needs
- Brings about change
- Useless if not implemented
- Process may be viewed as inconvenient
90
Disability Discrimination Act
- 1995
- The act was created to prevent the long standing discrimination towards disabled people in: employment, education, management, buying/renting of land/property and access to goods, facilities and services
91
NHS and Community Care Act
- 1990
- Biggest change to health and social care since WW2
- Ended a long standing monopoly on the provision of statutory health and social care services
