ALL Flashcards
1
Q
German Measles is also known as
A
Rubella
2
Q
pain with movement of the Pinna or Tragus should make you think of what dx?
A
Otitis Externa
3
Q
first line treatment for pertussis?
A
Erythromycin (Macrolides)
if allergy = Bactrim
4
Q
Atypical or walking pneumonia is caused by what pathogen?
A
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
5
Q
child with fever lasting longer than 5 days should make you think of what dx?
A
Kawasaki
6
Q
Widely split fixed S2 that does not vary with respiration
A
Atrial septal defect
7
Q
5 major jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever.
A
- Joints - migratory polyarthritis
- carditis
- nodules (subcutaneous)
- Erythema marginatum
- Sydenham’s chorea
8
Q
pale and boggy nasal mucosa
A
allergic rhinitis
9
Q
what organism is the MC cause of Otitis Media
A
strep pneumonia
10
Q
viral exanthem that has conjunctivitis as one of its symptoms?
A
MEasles/RubEola
11
Q
what age should child be able to roll over?
A
4 months
12
Q
CXR finding of rib notching
A
Coarctation of the Aorta
13
Q
child w/ Bulky greasy stool
A
Cystic fibrosis
14
Q
Describe erythema marginatum (major jones for ARF)
A
pink rings on the trunk & inner surfaces of the limbs
15
Q
palpable olive-shaped epigastric mass in a 1 month old
A
pyloric stenosis
16
Q
what age should child be able to hold up their head?
A
3 months
17
Q
what age should child begin to say momma and dadda?
A
1 year
18
Q
medical term for cross-eyed?
A
strabismus
19
Q
koplik spots are white clustered lesions on the buccal mucosa. what virus are they pathognomonic for?
A
Measles/Rubeola
20
Q
an URI that includes hoarseness - is it most likely bacterial or viral?
A
viral
21
Q
what must you have in order to diagnose rheumatic fever?
A
evidence of recent strep infection (+ titer or + culture) plus 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor jones criteria.
22
Q
treatment for a volvulus in a child
A
barium enema
23
Q
atypical mycobacterial disease = walking PNA
what is the first line treatment?
A
Azithromycin x5d
24
Q
pertussis is also known as
A
whooping cough
25
15y overweight boy present to office c/o knee pain and limping.
what is most likely dx
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
26
premature infant with hyaline membrane disease will have what appearance on CXR?
Bilateral ground glass appearance (atelectasis)
+/- Air bronchograms
27
unilateral purulent rhinitis should make you think of what dx?
foreign body
28
describe Barlows test
adduct & internal rotate of the hips
29
what age should child be able to sit up
6 months
30
what age should child be able to use spoon and stack 3-4 blocks?
18 months
31
you think there may be a foreign body obstructing a Childs breathing - what type of CXR should you order?
expiratory view looking for hyperinflation due to air trapping
32
current jelly stool
intussusception
33
what age should child begin to feed himself
6 months
34
Lacey pink rash on the face of a child should make you think of what dx?
erythema infectiosum = 5th dz = slapped cheek
35
what is gold standard for dx cystic fibrosis
sweat chloride test
36
what heart valve is most associated with rheumatic fever
mitral
37
what age should child be able to kick ball
2 years
38
what is the MC congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
39
how would you treat a pt with RSV?
albuterol, steroids, fluids
40
you hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur best heard at LLSB.
VSD
41
description of dew drop on a rose petal
chickenpox
42
foscheimer spots are associated with what dz?
rubella - German measles
43
what is the MC cause of URI
rhinovirus
44
nasal polyps should make you think of what dx
recurrent respiratory infections (pseudomonas and staph aureus); chronic sinusitis
cystic fibrosis
45
a patient presents with a staccato cough but no fever. what dx should you be thinking?
chlamydia pneumoniae
46
most serious complication of Kawasaki dz?
aortic aneurysm
47
describe the pattern of weight gain in an infant at:
- first week
- 6 mo
- 12 mo
- 3 y
- 4y
- lose 10% of birth weight initially but are back to birth weight at 10 days
- 6mo = 2x birth weight
- 12 mo = 3x birth weight
- 3 y = 30lb and 30 inches
- 4 y = 40lb and 40 inches
48
medical term for lazy eye
amblyopia
49
what age should infant begin cooing
2 months
50
musical vibratory murmur best heard at the apex
still's murmur
51
dermatitis: "wearing diapers"
1. contact dermatitis
2. miliaria
3. candida
52
dermatitis: "rash in the diaper area as well as other areas"
1. atopic dermatitis
| 2. seborrheic dermaittis
53
dermatitis: affects diaper area irrespective of diaper use
1. scabies
| 2. bullous impetigo
54
Perioral Dermatitis
- MC in young women
- lipgloss, toothpaste, +/- h/o topical corticosteroid use
- CLASSIC SPARES VERMILLION BORDER
- papulopustules on erythematous base +/- satellite lesions
tx:
1. Topical Abx: FLAGYL or E-MYCIN
2. PO abx = Tetracyclines
AVOID TOPICAL STEROIDS
55
androgenetic alopecia
DHT is key androgen.
- Minoxidil = recent onset alopecia of small area
- PO Finasteride = 5 alpha reductase inhibitor for more extensive dz. S/E: decr libido
56
erythema multiforme
acute, self-limiting type 4 hypersensitivity rxn
- young adults 20-40y
- lesions evolve over 3-5d, last 2w.
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS and Mycoplasma**, S.pneumo
Sulfa, beta lactase, AEDs, malignancy
TARGET lesions. afebrile. no epidermal detachment.
57
Purple Polygonal Planar Pruritic Papules
*Increased incidence with hepatitis C
lichen planus
tx: Topical corticosteroids 1st line; PO antihistamines for itching.
58
Neonatal conjunctivitis "rule of 5's"
```
0-5d = N. gonorrheae
5d-5w = Chlamydia trachomatis
5w-5y = Strep or H.flu
```
59
bacterial conjunctivitis
purulent discharge from affected eye.
afebrile
tx = E-mycin drops; TMP/Polymyxin B drops
if contacts = Fluoroquinolone eye drops
60
anterior vs posterior epistaxis
```
anterior = keisselbach's plexus
posterior = palatine artery
```
61
most effective medicine for allergic rhinitis
intranasal steroids
62
MC pathogen of AOM
strep pneumo
63
complication of prolonged or inadequately treated otitis media
mastoiditis
- deep ear pain (worse at night), fever.
- Dx = CT scan
- Tx = IV abx + drainage
64
MCC of conductive hearing loss (external or middle ear disorders)
Cerumen impaction
65
oral candidiasis
- Candida albicans
- increased risk if use steroid inhalers w/out spacer, or use of abx.
- tx = Nystatin liquid
66
decreased vision, pain w/ eye movement, proptosis, eyelid erythema and edema
orbital cellulitis
- MC 2/2 sinus infection (Ethmoid*)
- IV abx - vancomycin or clinda
67
MC pathogen of otitis externa
pseudomonas
tx - cipro/dexa (Ciprodex)
Ofloxacin= safe for TM perf
68
class of abx that are ototoxic
aminoglycosides
69
strabismus
malalignment of eyes - should be aligned by 2-3 months.
tx:
1. patch therapy (normal eye covered)
2. corrective surgery if severe or unresponsive to conservative tx.
70
what can occur if strabismus not corrected by age 2?
amblyopia = decreased visual acuity not correctable by refractive means.
71
CXR shows Perihilar and interstitial infiltrates
atypical mycobacterial disease (walking pneumonia)
72
MCC of acute pancreatitis in kids
mumps
73
gold standard to dx pertussis
PCR of nasopharyngeal swab
74
Samters triad
asthma
nasal polyps
ASA/NSAID allergy
75
common cold symptoms that progress to wheeze over 3-7 days
acute bronchiolitis
76
Colic
Crying for no reason
lasts >3hr per day
occurs 3+ days/wk
in an otherwise healthy infant <3mo old.
77
Painless scrotal swelling
Hydrocele - cystic fluid collection
78
treatment for severe acne vulgaris
Isotretinoin (PO) - monotherapy
- highly teratogenic
- 2 prego test prior to start and then monthly while on it
- commit to 2 forms of contraception x1 mo before start until 1 mo after dc meds.
79
Androgenetic alopecia
DHT is key androgen
- vary degrees of non scarring hair loss/hair thinning.
tx:
1. Minoxidil - recent onset of smaller areas
2. Finasteride - 5a reductase inhibitor - caution: lower libido
80
erythematous, ill-defined blisters/papules/plaques
- later = dry and crust over with scaling
- Flexor creases
- Dermatographism
```
ACUTE atopic dermatitis
Tx:
1. Topical Corticosteroids
2. Antihistamine
3. Wet dressings
-- abx if 2ry infection
```
81
sharp defined - discoid/Coin shaped lesions, esp on dorsum of hands, feet, Extensor surfaces (knees, elbow)
Nummular eczema
82
chronic treatment for atopic dermatitis
1. daily hydration and emollients
| 2. PO antihistamines for itch
83
Burns
CLEAN: mild soap and water; NO ICE DIRECTLY on burn.
DEBRIDE: remove necrotic skin. *Escharotomy for circumferential burns = prevent compartment syndrome.
remove RUPTURED BLISTERS.
PAIN: Tylenol or NSAIDs - mono or with opioids
ABX:
- superficial: aloe vs bacitracin
- non-superficial: Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) vs honey + modern membrane dressings
* *Silvadene NO Go: prego; <2mo; sulfa allergy; facial burns
DRESS: only for non-superficial -- Kerlix; individual wrap digits
FLUIDS: Parkland formula = LR @ 4ml/kg/BSA
- given IV x first 24 hours
- half in 8 hours
- second half over remaining 16 hours
84
Pediatric "Rule of 9's" for burns
18% BSA on head
14% each extremity
otherwise same as adult rule of 9
85
Absent red light reflex in the newborn
- congenital cataracts (rubella)
- glaucoma
- retinoblastoma
86
gray or pale yellow spots at the periphery of the iris
brushfield spots --> Down syndrome
87
delayed stool (>24h after birth)
Hirschsprung disease
88
abnormal urethral meatus is proximal and ventral to its normal anterior location
Hypospadias
- do not circumcise
- Bilateral renal US and refer to pets urologist
89
maneuver that attempts to dislocate the hip via posterior pressure
Barlow
90
Orolani
attempts to identify the hip that is dislocated or sublimed.
91
neonatal jaundice within first 24 hours of life
1. ABO incompatibility
2. RH isoimmunizaiton
3. Hereditary spherocytosis
4. G6PD deficiency
92
neonatal jaundice that appears after 24 hours
physiologic jaundice
93
neonatal jaundice that appears 2-3rd day of life
Breastfeeding jaundice
bili incr. and may persist for 6-8 weeks
supplement with formula; phototherapy if bili >15
94
lead poisoning
universal screening at ages 1 and 2yr.
venous sample
95
abrupt onset cough, stridor, choking and cyanosis.
upper airway FB
96
intermittent cough
| unilateral lower lobe wheezes
lower airway FB
| - bronchoscopy indicated
97
- loudest at apex and LSB
- musical quality
- decreases with sitting, standing or Valsalva
- increased with fevers
stills murmur
98
Kawasaki treatment
IV IG and high-dose aspirin
99
4 days of fever, now subsided but c/o pink macular rash
roseola
100
lacy pink macular rash on torso
erythema infectiosum - 5th dz
101
atypical pneumonia
legionella
mycoplasma
chlamydia
102
rhinorrhea, sneezing, wheezing, low grade fever
URI prodrome progresses with signs of lower respiratory distress = nasal flaring, tachypnea, retractions
acute bronchiolitis
Tx = supportive (neb albuterol, IV fluids, antipyretics, humidifiers)
- if RSV present - Ribavirin
103
high retic count (>2)
hemolysis or RBC loss
104
bite cells
G6PD deficiency
105
target cells and basophilic stippling seen on peripheral smear
beta thalassemia minor
106
burning, itching and erythema, dry skin
contact dermatitis
107
papulopustules on erythematous base surrounding the mouth; satellite lesions present.
topical metronidazole or E-mycin
PO tetracyclines
NO topical steroids
108
strawberry tongue seen in which two disorders
```
Scarlet fever (exanthem)
Kawasaki disease (5+ day fever)
```
