All Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature gas density and pressure
A
Thermal layering
2
Q
Methane flammable range
A
5-15%
3
Q
Propane flammable range
A
2.1-9.5%
4
Q
Carbon Monoxide flammable range
A
12-75%
5
Q
Gasoline flammable range
A
1.4-7.4%
6
Q
Diesel flammable range
A
1.3-6%
7
Q
Ethanol flammable range
A
3.3-19%
8
Q
Methanol flammable range
A
6-35.5%
9
Q
Electrically charged highly reactive parts of molecules released during combustion reactions
A
Free radicals
10
Q
Gasoline
Specific gravity
Flash point
Auto ignition Temp
A
.72
-36
853
11
Q
Diesel
Specific gravity
Flash point
Auto ignition Temp
A
<1
125
410
12
Q
Ethanol
Specific gravity
Flash point
Auto ignition Temp
A
.78
55
689
13
Q
Methanol
Specific gravity
Flash point
Auto ignition Temp
A
.79
52
867
14
Q
Extinguishment of a fire by interruption of the chemical chain reaction
A
Chemical flame inhibition
15
Q
The fire will enter the growth stage after flames reach ____ feet?
A
2.5
16
Q
Horizontal movement of a layer of hot gases and combustion by-products from the center point of the plume, horizontal surface redirects the vertical development of the rising plume
A
Ceiling jet
17
Q
Rapid fire development occurs during what stage?
A
Growth stage
18
Q
Area surrounding a heat source in which there is sufficient air available to feed a fire
A
Combustion zone
19
Q
Space between the air intake and the exhaust outlet
A
Flow path
20
Q
Interface between the hot gas layer and cooler layer of air
A
Neutral plane
21
Q
Rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage
A
Flashover
22
Q
Instantaneous explosion or rapid burning of superheated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into an oxygen depleted confined space
A
Backdraft
23
Q
Flashover occurs at what temperature
A
1100
24
Q
Condition in which the unburnt fire gases that have accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and flames propagate through the hot gas later or across the ceiling
A
Rollover
25
What occurs when a mixture of unburned fuel gases and oxygen comes in contact with an ignition source
Smoke explosion
26
The total quantity of combustible contents of a building
Fuel load
27
Critical temperature for steel
1000
28
Act of preparing to manage an incident at a particular location or a particular type of incident before an incident occurs
Preincident planning
29
Assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs
Preincident survey
30
NFPA 1620
Standard for pre-incident planning
31
Architectural drawing showing the overall project layout of building areas driveways fences fire hydrants and landscape features for a given plot of land
Plot plan
32
NFPA 204
Standard for smoke and heat venting
33
Noncombustible barriers or dividers hung from the ceiling in large open areas that are designed to minimize the mushrooming affect of heat and smoke and impede the flow of heat
Draft curtains
34
NFPA 1142
Standard on water supplies for suburban and rural fire fighting
35
Needed fire flow formula
GPM= length x width / 3 x % involved
| Works for no more than 50% involved or flows over 1,000 gpm
36
Formal written agreement between jurisdictions that share a common boundary
Automatic aid
37
Reciprocal agreement between 2 or more fire and emergency service organizations. Does not guarantee a response
Mutual aid
38
Payment rather than reciprocal aid is made by one agency to the other
Additional resources
39
Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof
Purlin
40
Type 4 construction uses lumber greater than how many inches for all structural elements
4
41
Concealed and often unfinished space between the ceiling of the top floor and the roof
Attic
42
A space 2-3 feet in height that is found over commercial building spaces and is not designed for human habitation
Cockloft
43
Brick veneer attached to a frame can fall straight down into a pile is called
Curtain collapse
44
Water weighs?
| 250 gpm adds ____ water per minute to a structure
8.33 pounds
| 1 ton
45
To operate independently of the incident commanders command and control
Freelance
46
U.S. mandated incident management system that defines the roles responsibilities and standard operating procedures used to manage emergency operations
National incident management system
| NIMS
47
Act of directing ordering and controlling resources by virtue of explicit legal agency or delegating authority
Command
48
Incident management personnel who report directly to the IC
Command staff
49
Incident management personnel who represent the major functional sections
General staff
50
Organizational level having responsibility for a major functional area of incident management
Section
51
Functional/geographic responsibility for major segments of incident operations; located between section and division or group
Branch
52
Responsibility for operations within a defined geographic area; between branch and single resources task force or strike team
Division
53
Equal to division having responsibility for a specified functional assignment at an incident without regard to a specific geographical area
Group
54
Fulfill specific support functions such as the resources documentation demobilization and situation units within the planning section
Unit
55
Specific number of personnel assembled for an assignment
Crew
56
Individual pieces of apparatus and the personnel required to make them functional
Single resource
57
Any combination of resources assembled for a specific mission or operational assignment. Can be disbanded and individual resources are reassigned or released
Task force
58
Set number of resources of the same type that have an established minimum number of personnel. Remain together and function as a team throughout an incident
Strike team
59
Incident involved or threatens to involve more than one jurisdiction or agency needs what type of command structure
Unified command
60
NFPA 1561
Standard for fire department incident management system
61
Number of direct subordinates that one supervisor can effectively manage.
Span of control
3-7
5 optimum
62
2 in 2 out rules is OSHS #?
1910.134
63
Continuous process that actually begins before an incident is reported and continues throughout the incident
Size-up
64
CARA stands for
Conditions
Actions
Resources
Air
65
The environment inside a structure fire can quickly exceed what temperature with the potential for flashover at what temperature
500
| 1100
66
Training procedures intended to improve communications leadership and decision making to reduce human error
Crew resource management
67
The process of controlling the fire
Incident stabilization
68
Applying water from the exterior of the structure as crews advance into the interior
Transitional attack
69
Planned systematic and coordinated removal of air smoke gases or other airborne contaminants from a structure replacing them with cooler more fresh air
Tactical ventilation
70
The most important weather related influence on ventilation is
Wind
71
Methods used to save property and reduce further damage immediately after a fire
Salvage
72
Personnel required for search and rescue and firefighting operations in a high rise is often how many time greater than a typical low rise
4-6
73
Tendency of any vertical shaft within a tall building to act as a chimney by channeling heat smoke and other products of combustion upward due to convection
Stack effect
74
A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the for of either a glow or flame
Combustion
75
A rapid oxidation process which is a gas phase chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities
Fire
76
Form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules in solids or liquids that is transferred from one body to another as a result of temperature difference between the bodies
Heat
77
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
Temperature
78
A material that will maintain combustion under specific environmental conditions
Fuel
79
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas to promote combustion
Oxidizer
80
Capacity to perform work
Energy
81
Chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with an oxidizer in the air
Oxidation
82
Total amount of thermal energy that could be generated by the combustion reaction if a fuel were to burn completely
Heat of combustion
83
Kinetic energy associated with the random motions of the molecules of a material or object
Thermal energy
84
Vapor density and ignition temperature
Methane
Propane
Carbon monoxide
.55 1004
1.52 842
.96 1128
85
Liquid fuels that vaporize sufficiently to burn at below what temperature present a significant flammability hazard
100
86
Any material used in type 4 construction other than wood must have a fire resistance rating of at least
1 hour
87
Amount of energy delivered over a given period of time. The rate at which energy transfers
The heat release rate during combustion
Power
88
The si unit of power or rate of work equal to 1 joule per second
Watt
89
Vapor density
Methane
Propane
Carbon Monoxide
0. 55
1. 52
0. 96
90
Ignition temperature
Methane
Propane
Carbon Monoxide
1004
842
1128
91
Weight of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Vapor density
92
Mass of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a given temperature
Specific gravity
93
The pressure at which a vapor is in equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature
Vapor pressure
94
Degree to which a solid liquid or gas dissolves in a solvent, usually water
Solubility
95
Materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions
Miscible
96
Flammable liquids that have an attraction to water
| Alcohols esters ketones amines and lacquer
Polar solvents
97
Fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion
Reducing agent
98
The transfer of heat from one point or object to another is part of the study of?
Thermodynamics
99
Heat transfer from the initial fuel package to other fuels in and beyond the area of fire origin affects the growth of any fire and is part of the study of?
Fire dynamics
100
Thermal conductivity
```
Copper
Steel
Concrete
Gypsum wallboard
Wood
Air
```
```
386
36-54
.8-1.28
.5
.13
.03
```
101
Small wastebasket
4-50
102
Cotton mattress
40-970
103
Cotton easy chair
290-370
104
Small pool of gasoline
400
105
Dry Christmas tree
3000-5000
106
Polyurethane mattress
810-2630
107
Polyurethane easy chair
1350-1990
108
Polyurethane sofa
3120
