All Flashcards
(241 cards)
0
Q
Artifact
A
something left behind by early people
1
Q
Archaeology
A
the study of ancient people
2
Q
Ice Age
A
Periods of cold temperatures
3
Q
Nomad
A
People who move from place to place usually in search for food and land
4
Q
Migration
A
Moving from place to place
5
Q
Maize
A
A type of corn
6
Q
Carbon dating
A
What scientists use to find out how old an artifact is
7
Q
Culture
A
A way of life
8
Q
Civilization
A
Highly developed societies
9
Q
Theocracy
A
A society ruled by ancient people
10
Q
Hieroglyphics
A
Symbols or pictures used to represent things, ideas, and sounds
11
Q
Terrace
A
Broad platforms
12
Q
Pueblo
A
Villages
13
Q
Drought
A
Long periods of little rainfall
14
Q
Adobe
A
Dried mud brick
15
Q
Federation
A
Governments that linked different groups
16
Q
Inca
A
The largest ancient civilization in the Americas that created terraces. In South America.
17
Q
Maya
A
Ancient civilization that built their civilization in the steamy rain forests of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize. Developed new way of farming and calendar
18
Q
Aztec
A
Great civilization whose capital was Tenochtitlán.
19
Q
Classical
A
Ancient Greek and Roman works
20
Q
Renaissance
A
A period of intellectual and artistic creativity
21
Q
Technology
A
The use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
22
Q
Astrolabe
A
An instrument that measured the position of the stars
23
Q
Caravel
A
Three-masted ship
24
Pilgrimage
Journey to a holy place
25
Mosque
Muslim houses of worship
26
Line of Declaration
Imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole.
27
Strait
Narrow, twisting sea passage
28
Circumnavigate
Sail around the world
29
Conquistador
Explorers that received grants from the Spanish rulers
30
Tribute
Money paid for protection
31
Pueblos
Towns
32
Mission
Religious center of trade
33
Presidio
Fort
34
Encomienda
The right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on the land
35
Plantation
Large estate
36
Mercantilism
A nation's power based on its wealth
37
Colombian Exchange
An exchange of plants, animals, and disease
38
Northwest Passage
A more direct water route through the Americas
39
Christopher Columbas
Man who discovered the Bahamas and apparently America
40
Ferdinand Magellan
Man who were the first to circumnavigate the world
41
Hernan Cortes
Man who conquered the Aztecs
42
Cabeza de Vaca
Was part of a Spanish expedition to Florida in 1528
43
Henry Hudson
Found the Hudson Bay and the Hudson River
44
Samuel de Champlain
Established the settlement Quebec
45
Hernando de Soto
Led an expedition to explore Florida and lands west
46
Jacques Cartier
Man who tried to find a sea route to the Pacific. St. Lawrence
47
Juan Ponce de Leon
Explorer in Florida
48
Charter
The right to organize settlements in an area
49
Joint-stock company
Buying stock in the company in return for a share in future profits
50
Burgesses
Representatives
51
Dissent
Disagreeing with beliefs or practices
52
Persecute
Treated harshly
53
Puritan
Protestants wanting to reform the Anglican Church
54
Separatists
Those wanting to set up own churches
55
Pilgrim
What Separatists considered themselves
56
Toleration
Allowing to do something
57
Mayflower Compact
Formal document Pilgrims drew up
58
Patroon
Wealthy landowners who acquired riverfront estates
59
Proprietary Colony
Colony in which the owner owned all land and controlled the government
60
Pacifist
People who do not use force or fight in wars
61
Constitution
Plan of government
62
Debtors
People unable to repay debts
63
Indentured servant
Person who paid back someone who brought him or her to the land
64
Tenant Farmer
People who brought settlers to their land
65
Subsistence Farming
Produced just enough to meet the needs of the family
66
Triangular Trade
Routes that form a triangle
67
Cash Crop
Crops that could be sold in markets easily
68
Diversity
Variety
69
Tidewater
Region of flat, lowlying plains along the seacoast
70
Backcountry
Region of hills and forests near the Appalachian Mountains
71
Overseer
Bosses
72
Mercantilism
Theory that states that as a nation's trade grows, it's gold reserves increase, and the nation becomes more powerful
73
Export
Sell abroad
74
Import
Bought from foreign markets
75
Smuggling
Trading illegally
76
Charter Colony
Colony established by someone who was given a charter
77
Proprietary Colony
Colonies ruled by proprietors
78
Royal Colonies
Colonies ruled by the country that founded them
79
Apprentice
Learning assistants
80
Literacy
The ability to read and write
81
Militia
Group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
82
Iroquois Confederacy
Native American group that at first included five nations
83
Alliance
Unions
84
Speculator
Investors
85
13 original colonies
Colonies originally owned by Britain but later became the United States
86
French and Indian War
War between Britain and France for control of world trade and power on the seas
87
Treaty of Paris
What ended the French and Indian War
88
Revenue
Incoming money
89
Resolution
Formal expression of opinion
90
Effigy
Rag figures
91
Writs of Assistance
Allowance to enter any place to search for smuggled goods
92
Boycott
Refuse to buy
93
Nonimportation
Pledge not to buy from somewhere
94
Repeal
Cancel
95
Propaganda
Information designed to influence opinion
96
Militia
Group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
97
Minutemen
Militia that boasted that they would be ready to fight at a minute's notice
98
Loyalist
Loyal to Britain
99
Committee of Coresponence
Organization used to protest
100
Patriots
People that wanted to be free from Britain
101
Petition
Formal request
102
Preamble
Introduction
103
Stamp Act
Tax on all printed goods
104
Sugar Act
Lowered the tax on molasses
105
Townshend Act
Tax on imported goods
106
Boston Massacre
Killing that swayed many people to the Patriot side
107
Continental Congress
Political party that represented American interests
108
Declaration of Independance
Declaration of freedom for the American colonies
109
George Washington
Man who became general of the American army and later president
110
Ben Franklin
Man who supported independence
111
King George
King of Britain at the time of the American Revolution
112
Boston Tea Party
Reaction to Tea Act
113
Lexington
Place where one of the first battles of the American Revolution
114
Concord
Place where one of the first battles of the American Revolution
115
Neutral
Taking neither side
116
Mercenary
Hired soldiers
117
Recruit
Enlist
118
Desert
Leave without permission
119
Inflation
More money to buy goods
120
Blockade
Preventing supplies from entering ports
121
Privateer
Privately owned merchant ships that were armed with weapons
122
Guerrilla Warfare
Hit and run technique
123
Ratify
Approve
124
Ambush
Surprise attack
125
Revolutionary War
War for independence from Britain
126
Marquis de Lafayette
Frenchman who helped the Americans in the revolution
127
Battle of Saratoga
A great victory for the Americans
128
Patrick Henry
Man who was against the British
129
John Adams
Man who later became the second president of the U. S.
130
Thomas Paine
Wrote Common Sense
131
Patriot Advantages in War
Homeland, George Washington, and the makeup of the British army
132
John Paul Jones
Raided British ports
133
Constitution
Plan of government
134
Bicameral
Two house legislatures
135
Republic
Government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
136
Petition
Apply to
137
Ordinance
Law
138
Depreciate
Fall in value
139
Depression
A period in which economic activity slowed and unemployment increased
140
Manumission
Freeing of enslaved persons
141
Proportional
Corresponding in size
142
Compromise
Agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants
143
Federalism
Sharing power between the federal and state governments
144
Executive Branch
Branch headed by president
145
Legislative Branch
Lawmaking branch
146
Judicial Branch
Court System
147
Ratify
Approve
148
Checks and Balances
Limits to the Branches
149
Amendment
Something added to a document
150
Francis Marion
Known as Swamp Fox quick and smart
151
Charles Cornwallis
Commander of British forces in the South
152
Yorktown
Place where final battle of the American Revolution was
153
Treaty of Paris
Treaty that ended the American Revolution
154
Articles of Confederation
First plan of government used by the U.S.
155
Northwest Ordinance
Law that established a procedure for surveying and selling western lands
156
Constitutional Convention
Convention that determined what was in the U.S. constitution
157
Philadelphia
The place where the constitutional convention was held
158
Bill of Rights
Amendments to the Constitution
159
Constitution
Plan of government
160
Precedent
Tradition
161
Cabinet
Three department heads and the attorney general
162
National Debt
The amount a nation's government owes
163
Unconstitutional
Not within the constitution
164
Tariff
A tax on imports
165
Neutrality
Not taking sides
166
Impressment
Taking ships and forcing the crews into the crews
167
Alien
Immigrants that are not citizens
168
Sedition
Activities aimed at weakening established government
169
State's rights
What states are allowed to do
170
Caucus
Republican and Federalist meetings
171
Whiskey Rebellion
Rebellion due to the government taxing on whiskey
172
John Jay
First leader of the Supreme Court
173
Alien and Sedition Act
Laws used to protect the nation's security
174
Federalists
Rule by wealthy class, strong federal government, emphasis on manufacturing, loose interpretation of the Constitution, British alliance, National Bank, and protective tariffs
175
Democratic-Republicans
Rule by people, strong state governments, emphasis on agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, French alliance, State Banks, and free trade
176
Secede
Withdraw
177
Embargo
Prohibiting trade with a country
178
Judicial Review
Rules about the Constitution
179
Thomas Jefferson
Writer of Declaration of Independance
180
Louisiana Purchase
Purchase that doubled the U.S. in size
181
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Exploration of Louisiana Territory
182
Sacajawea
Woman that helped the Lewis and Clark Expedition
183
Andrew Jackson
Very good solider in the War of 1812
184
War of 1812
2nd war with Britain
185
Battle of New Orleans
Final battle in the War of 1812
186
James Madison
Writer of Constitution
187
Dolly Madison
Helped save many important items in the White House
188
Industrial Revolution
Changes in industry that helped historical development
189
Factory System
A system bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency
190
Interchangeable
Identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product
191
Eli Whitney
Inventor of cotton gin and interchangeable parts
192
Robert Fulton
Made steamboat with a powerful engine
193
Missouri Compromise
Used to preserve balance between North and South
194
Erie Canal
Canal that was 363 miles
195
National Road
Road to the West that took many years
196
James Monroe
President that passed the Monroe Doctrine
197
Monroe
States that the U.S. would interfere with new colonies
198
Majority
More than half
199
Landslide
Overwhelming victory
200
Indian Removal Act
Passed to remove Indians from their territories
201
Panic of 1837
Depression when land values drop
202
King Andrew
Insult to Andrew Jackson
203
Trail of Tears
Horrible path Indians had to take
204
Manifest Destiny
Belief that Americans were there to settle all across North American
205
Remember the Alamo
Battle cry in war
206
Battle of the Alamo
Great battle in which many Americans died
207
Oregon Trail
A trail across the U.S.
208
Mexican American War
War for Territories
209
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican American War
210
Seneca Falls Convention
Women asked for rights
211
Abolitionists
People who freed slaves
212
Harriet Tubman
Black Abolitionist
213
Underground Railroad
Escape route for escaping slaves
214
Sectionalism
Exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country
215
Secession
Withdrawal from the Union
216
Civil War
War inside one country
217
Compromise of 1850
Made to compromise a "final settlement" of the conflict between the North and South.
218
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Book about how slaves were treated.
219
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Compromise that allowed the people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide slavery
220
Dred Scott Decision
Decision that Dred Scott was still a slave even though he was in free territory
221
John Brown
Man who raided Harper's Ferry
222
Abraham Lincoln
President of the Union
223
Confederacy States of America
Group of states that left the Union
224
Ft. Sumter
U.S. fort on an island guarding Charleston Harbor
225
Rebel
Name for Confederate soldiers
226
Yankee
Name for Union soldier
227
Ironclad
Ship covered with iron plates
228
Border states
Divided Union and Confederacy and were with Union even though they supported slavery
229
Blockade
Close
230
Draft
Law that said men had to sign up for the army for 3 years
231
Inflation
Increase in prices
232
Emancipate
To free from slavery
233
Assassination
The killing of a high figure in society
234
Robert E. Lee
Confederate General
235
Emancipation Proclamation
Act passes that slaves were now free
236
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle where many soldiers died
237
William Sherman
Union General
238
Ulysses S. Grant
Union Commander
239
Bull Run
First battle took place here
240
Antietam
Battle took place here
