All About Verbs

Question 1

Two Types of Verbs

Answer 1

u-verbs (Godan Verbs) & ru-Verbs (Ichidan verbs) [there are very few irregulars, usually called Kuru or Yoi class irregulars]

Question 2

[BOTH VERBS] Casual [Plain Form] Present Tense

Answer 2

dictionary form with no changes

Question 3

[u-VERBS] Causal Nai Form Plain Present Negative Tense

Answer 3

change the (u) sound at end to (a) sound equivalent and add ない

[list for reference]
う -  わない 
つ - たない 
す - さない 
る - らない 
く - かない 
ぐ - がない 
ぬ - なない 
ぶ - ばない 
む - まない

Question 4

[ru-VERBS] Causal Nai Form Plain Present Negative Tense

Answer 4

drop the る and add ない

Question 5

来る Irregular Exception to Causal Nai Form Plain Present Negative Tense

Answer 5

来る becomes 来ない like normal but is pronounced like こない instead of its original くる pronunciation

Question 6

する Irregular Exception to Causal Nai Form Plain Present Negative Tense

Answer 6

する becomes しない

Question 7

[u-VERBS] Casual Ta Form Plain Past Tense

Answer 7

Start with the plain/dictionary form ~

Verbs that end in うつる, drop them and add った

Verbs that end in むぬぶ, drop them and add んだ

Verbs that end in く, drop it and add いた

Verbs that end in ぐ, drop it and add いだ

Verbs that end in す, drop it and add した

Question 8

[ru-VERBS] Casual Ta Form Plain Past Tense

Answer 8

drop る and add た

Question 9

する Irregular Exception to Casual Ta Form Plain Past Tense

Answer 9

する — した

Question 10

来る Irregular Exception to Casual Ta Form Plain Past Tense

Answer 10

来た (and is pronounced きたfrom くた)

Question 11

[BOTH VERBS] Casual Nakatta Form Plain Past Negative Tense

Answer 11

Start by conjugating the verb to its Nai Form Plain Present Negative Tense.

Then remove the い at the end and replace it with かった

Question 12

[ru-VERBS] Finding The Verb Stem (VS)

Answer 12

remove the る

Question 13

[u-VERBS] Finding The Verb Stem (VS)

Answer 13

change (u) sound at end to (i) sound equivalent

Question 14

する Exception To Finding The Verb Stem (VS)

Answer 14

する verb stem is し

Question 15

くる Exception To Finding The Verb Stem (VS)

Answer 15

くる verb stem is き

Question 16

[BOTH VERBS] Polite Present Tense

Answer 16

VS + ます

Question 17

[BOTH VERBS] Polite Present Negative Tense

Answer 17

VS + ません

Question 18

[BOTH VERBS] Polite Past Tense

Answer 18

VS + ました

Question 19

[BOTH VERBS] Polite Past Negative Tense

Answer 19

VS + ませんでした

Question 20

[BOTH VERBS] Super Formal Negative Tense

Answer 20

VS + ありません

Question 21

[BOTH VERBS] Super Formal Past Negative Tense

Answer 21

VS + ありませんでした

Question 22

[ru-VERBS] Te-Form

Answer 22

drop る and replace it with て

Question 23

[u-VERBS] Te-Form

Answer 23

Verbs ending in うつる, drop them and add って

Verbs ending in むぶぬ, drop them and add んで

Verbs ending in く, drop it and add いて

Verbs ending in ぐ, drop it and add いで

Verbs ending in す, drop it and add して

Question 24

する Irregular Exception to Te-From

Answer 24

する Te-form is して

Question 25

くる Irregular Exception to Te-From

Answer 25

くる Te-form is きて

Question 26

[BOTH VERBS] "if Condition" Grammar Structure

Answer 26

Condition + と(if, for sure) + Natural Result

Question 27

[BOTH VERBS] "if State of Being" Grammar Structure

Answer 27

State Of Being + だと(if, for sure) + Natural Result

Question 28

[BOTH VERBS] "if Assumed Condition" Grammar Structure

Answer 28

Assumed Contextual Condition + なら(ば) (if that’s the case) + Result (The ば just makes it more formal)

Question 29

[BOTH VERBS] General "if"

Answer 29

For Verbs, start with dictionary plain form and change ending (u) sound to (e ) sound equivalent and add ば

Question 30

"if" when the emphasis is on the "IF" and not on the result

Answer 30

Condition + ば/ければ/であれば (if) + Result

Question 31

"if" when the emphasis is on the "RESULT" and not on the if

Answer 31

Condition (which is a verb changed to casual negative tense) + ら(if) + Result [EMPHASIS ON “RESULT”]

Question 32

Adding the feeling of uncertainty

Answer 32

ADDING もし to the begging of a conditional sentence adds an extra sense of uncertainty. Like “by some chance”. もし (by some chance) + Condition + (if) + Result (ex) “By some chance + he comes + if + I’ll go” — “if by some chance he comes, I’ll go”

Question 33

[u-VERBS] Potential "can/able to" Form

Answer 33

change ending (u) to (e ) equivalent and add る

Question 34

[ru-VERBS] Potential "can/able to" Form

Answer 34

replace る ending with (ら)れる | [ら is optional because られる is actually also the passive form]

Question 35

する Irregular Exception to Potential "can/able to" Form

Answer 35

する becomes できる

Question 36

来る Irregular Exception to Potential "can/able to" Form

Answer 36

pronounced くる) becomes 来られる(and is pronounced こられる)

Question 37

To Want To VERB

Answer 37

VERB STEM + たい (this is an i adjective and roughly means “to want to” - so to make it formal just add です)

Question 38

I Want To Go - FORMAL PRESENT TENSE

Answer 38

行く・いく (to go) (Change Verb To Verb Stem) 行き (Add たい) 行きたい (Add です) "行きたいです" = (I) want to go

Question 39

Direct & Indirect Quotes

Answer 39

Attach と after what someone heard or thinks or says.

Question 40

Casual Quoting

Answer 40

attach って to whatever is being directly or indirectly quoted. Phrase + って (roughly translated to adding “…say”). So if you said the phrase “You don’t have time?” and added って it would turn into “You say you don’t have time?”

Question 41

To "go with/decide on" verb

Answer 41

VERB + こと + にする///VERB + こと + になる (and conjugate になる/にする for tense and politeness) ``` ex) きょうはうどんをたべることにする today + udon + object particle + eat + koto(nominalizer) + go with =Today (I) go with eat(ing) udon =Today I'll go with udon to eat? you know what I mean. ```

Question 42

~ようにする

Answer 42

~to try to (do/be...) [adding よう to にする expressing intention or will and is like saying smbdy will "try" to do smth] - conjugate for tense and politeness

Question 43

~ようになる

Answer 43

~ to become able to (do/be...) [adding よう before になる indicates change, as in smth became able to do smth] - conjugate for tense and politeness

Question 44

[u-VERBS] Suggestion/Intention Form

Answer 44

start with dictionary form of verb then replace the ending u-sound with the equivalent o-sound and add う ``` reference: う　→　おう つ　→　とう す　→　そう る　→　ろう く　→　こう ぐ　→　ごう ぬ　→　のう ぶ　→　ぼう む　→　もう ```

Question 45

[ru-VERBS] Suggestion/Intention Form

Answer 45

replaceる ending with よう

Question 46

来る Irregular Exception to Suggestion/Intention Form

Answer 46

来る(pronounced くる) is conjugated to 来よう (pronounced こよう)

Question 47

する Irregular Exception to Suggestion/Intention Form

Answer 47

する is conjugated to しよう.

Question 48

[BOTH VERBS] Negative Suggestion/Intention Form

Answer 48

first change verb to negative form, and then after the 〜ない part, add でおこう [which is the negative Te-form で, + the verb おく "to place" in it's Suggestion/Intention Form) It literally means "to leave something undone".

Question 49

option 2 - [BOTH VERBS] Negative Suggestion/Intention Form

Answer 49

[action turned into a clause] ~やめよう (to quit - in suggestion/intention form) [action turned into a clause] ~よそう (to stop - in suggestion/intention form)

Question 50

と思う 【とおもう】

Answer 50

と思う means "to think" and can be used after any adj/noun or verb to mean "smbdy thinks smth)

Question 51

Verb/noun/adj + だろ(う)

Answer 51

Verb/noun/adj + likely/it seems (Likely, there's no mistake///It seems that there's no mistake)

Question 52

[BOTH VERBS] Present Progressive for verbs/states/saying that you currently "know" something (because the Japanese Verb "to know" actually means it's in the process of entering your brain - so to say you know something you have to use this form)/adjectives

Answer 52

Conjugate verb to Te-form, and add いる [note: sometimes only -る is added in casual conversation]

Question 53

How to say that something already happened

Answer 53

something that has already happened + ている [て can be left out if it's a verb you conjugated to Te-form]

Question 54

How to say that something has not happened yet

Answer 54

something that hasn't happened yet + ていない [て can be left out if it's a verb you conjugated to Te-form]

Question 55

Grammar LINK

Answer 55

https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/