All Body Structures Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
Innervation: Splenius Capitis
A
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
2
Q
Innervation: Splenius Cerviscis
A
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
3
Q
Action: Splenius Capitis
A
Acting alone-laterally bend and roate neck to side of active muscle; Acting together-extend head & neck
4
Q
Action: Splenius Cerviscis
A
Acting alone-laterally bend and rotate neck to side of active muscle; Acting together-extend head & neck
5
Q
Innervation: Erector Spinae
A
Dorsal rami of respective spinal nerves in each region
6
Q
Action: Erector Spinae
A
Acting together: Extends the vertebral column Acting alone:Lateral flexion to the same side
7
Q
Innervation: Trapezius
A
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
8
Q
Origin: Trapezius
A
External occipital protuberance and spinous processes of C7-T12
9
Q
Insertion: Trapezius
A
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
10
Q
Action: Trapezius
A
Upper: Elevates and upward rotation of scapula Middle:Retraction of scapula
Lower: Depress and upwardly rotatie scapula
11
Q
Origin: Latissimus Dorsi
A
Thoracolumbar fascia and spinous processes of T6- T12 and iliac crest
12
Q
Insertion: Latissimus Dorsi
A
Intertubercular groove of the humerus
13
Q
Innervation: Latissimus Dorsi
A
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6- C8)
14
Q
Action: Latissimus Dorsi
A
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
15
Q
Origin: Rhomboid major
A
Spinous processes of T2-T5
16
Q
Insertion: Rhomboid major
A
Medial border of scapula
17
Q
Innervation: Rhomboid major
A
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
18
Q
Innervation: Rhomboid minor
A
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
19
Q
Innervation:Levator Scapulae
A
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
20
Q
Action: Rhomboid major
A
Adducts, retracts, and downwardly rotates scapula
21
Q
Action: Rhomboid minor
A
Adducts, retracts, and downwardly rotates scapula
22
Q
Origin: Rhomboid minor
A
Spinous processes of C7-T1
23
Q
Insertion: Rhomboid minor
A
Medial border of scapula
24
Q
Action: Levator scapulae
A
Elevates and downwardly rotates scapua
25
Origin: pectoralis major
Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilage
26
Insertion: pectoralis major
Intertubercular groove of humerus
27
Innervation: pectoralis major
Medial and lateral pectoral n.
28
Action: pectoralis major
Adducts and medially rotates humerus
29
Origin: pectoralis minor
Ribs 3-5
30
Insertion: pectoralis minor
Coracoid process of scapula
31
Innervation: pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral n.
32
Action: pectoralis minor
Protracts and depresses scapula
33
Origin: serratus anterior
External/lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
34
Insertion: serratus anterior
Medial margin of scapula
35
Innervation: serratus anterior
Long thoracic n.
36
Action: serratus anterior (3)
Protracts and upwardly rotates scapula ; stabilizes scapula on thoacic wall
37
Origin: coracobrachialis
Corocoid process
38
Insertion: coracobrachialis
Medial mid-shaft of humerus
39
Innervation: coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous n.
40
Action: coracobrachialis
Flexion and adduction of the arm.
41
Origin: deltoid
Spine and acromion of scapula, lateral 1/3
42
Insertion: deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
43
Innervation: deltoid
Axillary n.
44
Action: deltoid
Anterior fibers: Flex humerus Middle fibers: Abduct humerus Posterior fibers: Extend humerus
45
Origin: teres major
Inferior angle of
| scapula
46
Insertion: teres major
Intertubercular groove of humerus
47
Innervation: teres major
Lower subscapular n.
48
Action: teres major
Medially rotates humerus , adducts humerus
49
Origin: teres minor
Lateral border of scapula
50
Insertion: teres minor
Greater tubercle of humerus
51
Innervation: teres minor
Axillary n.
52
Action: teres minor
Stabilizes shoulder joint and laterally rotates humerus
53
Origin: supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa
54
Insertion: supraspinatus
Greater tubercle of humerus
55
Insertion: infraspinatus
Greater tubercle of humerus
56
Innervation: supraspinatus
Suprascapular n.
57
Action: supraspinatus
Stabilizes shoulder joint and abducts humerus
58
Origin: infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa
59
Innervation: infraspinatus
Suprascapular n.
60
Action: infraspinatus
Stabilizes shoulder joint and laterally rotates humerus
61
Origin: subscapularis
Subscapular fossa
62
Insertion: subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
63
Innervation: subscapularis
Upper & lower subscapular n.
64
Action: subscapularis
Stabilizes shoulder joint & medially rotates humerus
65
Innervation: Brachialis
Musculocutaneous n.
66
Action: Brachialis
Flexion of the forearm
67
Origin: Biceps Brachii
LONG HEAD - Supraglenoid tubercle SHORT HEAD - Coracoid process
68
Insertion: Biceps Brachii
Radial tuberosity
69
Innervation: Biceps Brachii
Musculocutaneous n.
70
Action: Biceps Brachii
Flexior of forearm; supination of forearm
71
Origin: Triceps Brachii
LONG HEAD - Infraglenoid tubercle LATERAL HEAD - Posterior superior humerus MEDIAL HEAD: Posterior inferior humerus
72
Insertion: Triceps Brachii
Olecranon process of ulna
73
Innervation: Triceps Brachii
Radial n.
74
Action: Triceps Brachii
Extends forearm
75
Innervation: Anconeous
Radial nerve
76
Action: Anconeous
Extension of forearm
77
Innervation: Brachioradialis
Radial nerve
78
Action: Brachioradialis
Flexes forearm
79
Innervation: Supinator
Deep branch of radial nerve
80
Action: Supinator
Supinates forearm
81
Innervation:Pronator teres
Median n.
82
Action: Pronator teres
Pronates and flexes forearm
83
Innervation: Pronator Quadratus
Anterior interosseous nerve
84
Action: Pronator Quadratus
Pronates forearm
85
Origin: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Med. epicondyle of humerus
86
Insertion: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Base of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
87
Innervation: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Median n.
88
Action: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Flexes PIP, assists in MP flexion
89
Origin: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Proximal ulna and interosseous membrane
90
Insertion: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
91
Innervation: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
MEDIAL PART - Ulnar n. LATERAL PART - Ant. Interosseous n.
92
Action: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
Flexes DIP of digits
93
Origin: Extensor digitorum (ED/ EDC)
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
94
Insertion: Extensor digitorum (ED/ EDC)
Extensor expansion of digits
95
Innervation: Extensor digitorum (ED/ EDC)
Post. Interosseous n.
96
Action: Extensor digitorum (ED/ EDC)
Extends MP joints of digits, assists in extension of IP joints
97
Innervation: Extensor indicis (EI)
Post. Interosseous n.
98
Action: Extensor indicis (EI)
Extends 2nd digit @ MCP
99
Innervation: Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Post. Interosseous n.
100
Action: Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Extends MP joint of 5th digit, assists in extension of IP joints
101
Innervation: Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Post. Interosseous n.
102
Action: Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extends IP joint of thumb
103
Innervation: Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Post. Interosseous n.
104
Action: Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Extends MP and CMC joints of thumb
105
Innervation: Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Post. Interosseous n.
106
Action: Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Abducts thumb at CMC joint
107
Innervation: Flexor pollicis longus
Ant. interosseous. n.
108
Action: Flexor pollicis longus
Flexes IP of thumb
109
Innervation and Action: Lumbricals 1-2
Median nerve
| Flexes MCP joints; extends IP joints
110
Innervation and Action: Lumbricals 3-4
Ulnar nerve
| Flexes MCP joints; extends IP joints
111
Innervation and Action: Dorsal interossei 1-4
Ulnar nerve
| Abduct digits from axial line;assists in flexing MCP and extending IP joints of digits
112
Innervation and Action: Palmar interossei 1-3
Ulnar nerve
| Adducts digits toward axial line; assists in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints
113
Innervation and Action: Adductor pollicis
Ulnar nerve
| Adducts thumb towards middle digit @ CMC joint
114
Innervation and Action: Abductor pollicis brevis
Recurrent branch of median nerve
| Abducts thumb @ CMC, assists in opposition
115
Innervation and Action: Flexor pollicis brevis
Recurrent branch of median nerve
| Flexes thumb @ IP joint
116
Innervation and Action: Opponens pollicis
Recurrent branch of median nerve
| Opposes thumb; rotates thumb medially
117
Innervation and Action: Abductor Digiti Minimi
Ulnar nerve
| Abducts 5th digit
118
Innervation and Action: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Ulnar nerve
| Flexes MCP of 5th digit
119
Innervation and Action: Opponens Digiti Minimi
Ulnar nerve
| Opposes 5th digit to thumb
120
Origin and Insertion: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
| Base of 2nd metacarpal
121
Origin and Insertion: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
| Base of 3rd metacarpal
122
Origin and Insertion: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
| Base of 5th metacarpal
123
Origin and Insertion: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
| Base of 2nd metacarpal
124
Origin and Insertion: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Medial epicondyle of humerus
| Insertion: Pisiform; hook of hamate; 5th metacarpal
125
Innervation and Action: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Radial nerve
| Extends and abducts (radially deviates) hand at wrist
126
Innervation and Action: Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Deep branch of radial nerve
| Extends wrist
127
Innervation and Action: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Posterior interosseous nerve
| Extends and adducts (ulnar deviation) wrist
128
Innervation and Action: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Median nerve
| Flexes hand and abducts wrist
129
Innervation and Action: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Ulnar Nerve
| Flexes and adducts wrist
130
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Maximus
Prox: Posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, scacrotuberous ligament
Distal: Gluteal tuberosity, ITB [ITB attaches to the lateral tibial condyle]
Innervation: Inferior gluteal n.
Action: Hip extension and external rotation
131
Gluteus Medius
```
Posterior ilium
[between anterior and posterior gluteal lines]

Greater trochanter

Superior gluteal n.

Hip abduction and internal rotation Keeps pelvis level during single limb stance (SLS)
```
132
Gluteus Minimus
Posterior ilium
[between anterior and inferior gluteal lines]
Greater trochanter
Superior gluteal n.
Hip abduction, and internal rotation. Keeps pelvis level during SLS
133
Tensor of fascia lata
```
ASIS, anterior iliac crest

ITB
[ITB attaches to the lateral tibial condyle]

Superior gluteal n.

Hip abduction and internal rotation
```
134
Piriformis
```
Anterior sacrum, scacrotuberous ligament

Greater trochanter

Nerve to piriformis (S1- S2)

Hip external rotation
```
135
Superior gemellus
```
Ischial spine


Greater trochanter


Nerve to obturator internus


Hip external rotation
```
136
Obturator internus
Internal surface of obturator membrane and bony margin of obturator foramen
Greater trochanter
Nerve to obturator internus
Hip external rotation
137
Inferior gemellus
```
Ischial tuberosity

Greater trochanter

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Hip external rotation
```
138
Quadratus femoris
Ischial tuberosity
Quadrate tubercle [on intertrochanteric crest of femur]
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Hip external rotation
139
Psoas major
Body and transverse processes of T12-L5 ; lumbar intervertebral discs
Lesser trochanter
Ventral rami L1- L3
Hip flexion
140
Iliacus
Iliac fossa
```
Lesser trochanter


Femoral n.



Hip flexion
```
141
Rectus femoris
AIIS
Tibial tuberosity [via patella tendon >patella >patella ligament/ tendon]
Femoral n.
Hip flexion; knee extension
142
Vastus medialis
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera
```
Tibial tuberosity [via patella tendon ! patella ! patella ligament/ tendon]


Femoral n.

Knee extension
```
143
Vastus lateralis
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera
```
Tibial tuberosity [via patella tendon ! patella ! patella ligament/ tendon]


Femoral n.

Knee extension
```
144
Vastus intermedius
Anterior femoral shaft
Tibial tuberosity [via patella tendon ! patella ! patella ligament/ tendon]
Femoral n.
Knee extension
145
Articularis genu
```
Anterior femoral shaft (distal)

Superior portion of the synovial membrane of the knee joint


Femoral n.



Pulls synovial membrane superiorly during knee extension
```
146
Sartorius
ASIS
Pes anserinus (medial surface of proximal tibia)
Femoral n.


Hip flexion, abduction and external/ lateral rotation; knee flexion

147
Pectineus
Superior pubic ramus
Pectineal line of femur
Femoral n. Obturator n. [anterior div] may contribute
Hip flexion and adduction
148
Adductor longus
```
Pubic bone
(body)
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
Obturator n.
[anterior division]
Hip adduction and assists with hip flexion
```
149
Adductor brevis
```
Pubic bone (body and inferior pubic ramus)


Proximal linea aspera


Obturator n.
[anterior and posterior divisions]


Hip adduction and assists with hip flexion
```
150
Gracilis
Pubic bone (body and inferior pubic ramus)
Pes anserinus (medial surface of proximal tibia)
Obturator n.
[anterior division]
Hip adduction; knee flexion
151
Adductor magnus (adductor part)
Ischiopubic ramus
Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Obturator n.
[posterior division]
Hip adduction and assists with hip flexion
152
Adductor magnus (hamstring part)
```
Ischial tuberosity

Adductor tubercle

Tibial nerve

Hip adduction and hip extension
```
153
Obturator externus
External surface of obturator membrane and bony margins of obturator foramen
Greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)
Obturator n.
[branch of main- stem of obturator nerve before branching and/or anterior and posterior division]
Hip external rotation/ lateral rotation (ER/LR)
154
Semimembranous
Ischial tuberosity
Medial tibial condyle (posterior aspect)
Tibial n.
Hip extension; knee flexion
155
Semitendinosus
```
Ischial tuberosity

Pes anserinus (medial surface of proximal tibia)
Tibial n.


Hip extension; knee flexion
```
156
```
Biceps femoris
(long head)
```
```
Ischial tuberosity

Fibular head

Tibial n.


Hip extension; knee flexion
```
157
```
Biceps femoris
(short head)
```
Linea aspera and lateral and supracondylar line of femus
Fibular head
Common fibular (peroneal) n.
Knee flexion
158
Gastrocnemius
```
Medial and lateral femoral condyles

Calcaneus

Tibial n.

Knee flexion; ankle plantarflexion
```
159
Soleus
Posterior surface of fibula head and proximal fibula; soleal line of tibia
Calcaneus
Tibial n
Ankle plantarflexion
160
Plantaris
```
Lateral supracondylar line of femur

Calcaneus

Tibial n

Ankle plantarflexion (weak)
```
161
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Distal 2/3 of
posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

Tibial n.

Ankle plantarflexion, flexion of 1st digit
162
Tibialis Posterior
Proximal 2/3 of
posterior surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia
Tarsals
[navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms 1-3] and bases of metatarsal heads [2nd, 3rd and 4th]
Tibial n.
Ankle plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
163
Flexor Digitorum Longus
```
Mid-region of
posterior surface of tibia


Base of distal phalanx of digits 2, 3, 4, 5


Tibial n.


Ankle plantarflexion, flexion of digits 2-5
```
164
Popliteus
Lateral femoral condyle, lateral meniscus
Proximal tibia (posterior)
Tibial n.
"Unlocks" the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia OR medially rotating the tibia on the fixed femur; knee flexion [weak]
165
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Fibula head and superior 2/3 of fibula shaft
Plantar surface of medial foot
[base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform]
Superficial fibular/ peroneal n.
Ankle plantarflexion and eversion of the foot
166
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
```
Inferior 2/3 of fibula shaft


Base of the 5th metatarsal


Superficial fibular/ peroneal n.


Ankle plantarflexion and eversion of the foot
```
167
Tibialis Anterior
Superior 1/2 of the of the tibia (anterolateral surface) and adjacent interosseous membrane (anterior surface)
Plantar surface of medial foot
[base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform]
Deep fibular (peroneal) n.
Dorsiflexion and inversion
168
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Middle region of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane (anterior surface)

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux) (dorsal surface)

Deep fibular (peroneal) n.

Dorsiflexion, extension of great toe
169
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Lateral tibial condyle, superior 3/4 of fibula shaft and interosseous membrane (anterior surface)
Base of middle and distal phalanx of digits 2, 3, 4, 5
(dorsal surface)
Deep fibular (peroneal) n.
Dorsiflexion, extension of toes 2- 5
170
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
```
Inferior 1/3 of fibula, interosseous membrane (anterior surface)


Base of the 5th metatarsal (dorsal surface)


Deep fibular (peroneal) n.


Dorsiflexion, eversion
```
171
Abductor hallucis
Medial plantar n.
| Abduction of great toe
172
Flexor digitorum brevis
Medial plantar n.

Flexion of digits 2-5
173
Abductor digiti minimi (foot)
Lateral plantar n.

Abduction of 5th digit
174
Quadratus Plantae
Lateral plantar n.
| Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexion of digits 2-5
175
Lumbricals (foot)
Medial -1: Medial plantar n.
| Lateral - 3: Lateral plantar n.
176
Flexor hallucis brevis
Medial plantar n.

Flexion of great toe
177
Adductor hallucis
Lateral plantar n.

Adduction of great toe
178
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
Lateral plantar n.
| Flexion of 5th digit
179
Plantar interossei (3)
Lateral plantar n.

Adduction of digits 3-5
180
Dorsal interossei (4)
Lateral plantar n.

Abduction of digits 2-4
181
Extensor digitorum brevis (foot)
```
Deep fibular (peroneal) n.
Extension of toes 2- 4
```
182
Extensor hallucis brevis
```
Deep fibular (peroneal) n.
Extension of great toe
```
183
Most commonly occurring fracture in adults. The mechanism of injury is usually a fall on an outstretched hand. The risk of injury is increased in patients with osteoporosis. Because of the rich blood supply to the distal end of the radius, bony union is usually good.
Colle’s fracture
184
Less common injury of distal radius Usually occurs as a
result of a fall on the dorsum of the hand
with wrist flexion. Palmar displacement of distal fragment
Smith's fracture
185
Repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist may
strain the attachment of the common extensor tendon,
producing inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral
epicondyle
lateral epicondylitis
186
benign, slowly progressive
condition causing contracture of
the palmar fascia. It has has no
clear etiology or pathogenesis.
Dupuytren contracture
187
```
Inflammation of extensor pollicis
brevis and abductor pollicis longus
tendons as they glide over radial styoid
process. Causes pain and swelling over
radial styloid.
```
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
188
Laxity of the volar plate which causes slippage of
the collateral ligaments. Results: PIP hyper extension/DIP
Flexion
Swan Neck Deformity
189
```
Rupture
of the central tendon, through
which the PIP joint protrudes
Results: PIP Flexion, DIP
extension
```
Boutonniere Deformity
190
```
Extensor tendon
laxity due to overstretching or rupture,
which results in decreased efficiency
of the extensor hood
Results: Inability to extend the DIP
```
Mallet Deformity
191
paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder and arm supplied by the C5 and C6
spinal nerves occurs: deltoid, biceps, and brachialis. The usual clinical appearance
is an upper limb with an adducted shoul- der, medially rotated arm, and extended
elbow. The lateral aspect of the forearm also experiences some loss of sensation.
Chronic microtrauma to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus from carrying a heavy backpack can produce motor and sensory deficits in the distribution of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves.
Erb-Duchenne palsy
192
Inferior brachial plexus injuries may occur when the upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly—for example, when a person grasps something to break a fall (Fig. B6.12D), or a baby’s upper limb is pulled excessively during delivery (Fig. B6.12E). These events injure the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus (C8 and T1), and may avulse the roots of the spinal nerves from the spinal cord. The short muscles of the hand are affected, and a claw hand results (Fig. B6.12F).
Klumpke paralysis
193
This nerve is susceptible to
injury with a fracture of the humerus. The result of this injury is
paralysis of the muscles of the posterior compartment
(extensors of the wrist and digits), and the inability of
the patient to extend the wrist
Radial nerve injury in upper arm: Associated
| terms: “wrist drop”
194
Lesions usually produce numbness and
tingling in the cutaneous distribution of the ulnar nerve.
Prolonged neuropathy may result in “clawing” of the
hand
What is this and where are the regions where it can occur?
Ulnar nerve injury at level of elbow: Associated
terms: “epicondyle fracture” “cubital tunnel
syndrome”
Can occur when medial epicondyle is fractured. Another common site is in the cubital tunnel, between the heads of the FCU muscle.
195
What occurs when the median nerve
| is severed in the forearm? Include name
Median nerve injury at level of elbow: Associated
terms: “ hand of benediction”
the first three digits have
impaired flexion of the PIP and DIP of digits, due to the
loss of innervation to the FDS and the lateral half of the
FDP.
The 2nd and 3rd digits also lose MP flexion due to
loss of innervation to the first two lumbricals.
The 4th
and 5th digits have weakness in PIP flexion, due to the
loss of the FDS, but flexion of the DIP of the 4th and 5th
digits is spared because the ulnar nerve innerves the FDP
to ulnar side of the hand. The resulting posture of the
hand is referred to as “hand of benediction
196
Distal lesions of the ulnar nerve in the
forearm, or by compression in Guyon’s canal are called?
What occurs?
Ulnar nerve injury at the wrist: Associated terms “
Guyon tunnel syndrome” “claw hand” “intrinsic
minus hand”
can lead
to extensive sensory and motor loss to the hand.
loss of sensation on the ulnar side of the hand, and loss
of innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
With a low ulnar nerve lesion, the intrinsics are impaired, resulting in unopposed action of the extrinsics. Unopposed action of the long extensors results in hyperextension of the MP
joints and unopposed action of the long flexors results in
loss of extension of the PIP and DIP joints of the digits
197
first clinical findings is impaired
sensation in the lateral three and a half digits.
Sensation is spared in the central palm it is supplied by
the ____________________, which
does not pass through the carpal tunnel.
Prolonged injury results in atrophy and of the muscles of the thenar eminence (what is this called?)
What is this overall?
palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve
Simian hand
Carpal tunnel syndrome
198
A common ligamentous injury of the hand
which results from sudden, forced radial deviation of the
MCP of the thumb. These injuries may be treated
conservatively by application of a functional splint,
however, in the case of severe injury, surgery may be
required to restore anatomic alignment
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) sprain
