All Cards: Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is a solution made up of?
A solution is made up of a solute and a solvent.
What is a solute?
The dissolved particles in a solution.
What is a solvent?
The dissolving medium in the solution.
What is solubility?
The amount of substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at a particular temperature to produce a saturated solution.
What is a saturated solution?
Contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolve in that solvent at that temperature.
What is a super-saturated or over-saturated solution?
Contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at that temperature.
What is an under-saturated solution?
More of the solute can still be dissolved.
What are miscible liquids?
Two liquids that will dissolve in each other.
What are immiscible liquids?
Liquids that don’t mix and stay separate.
Ex: oil and water
For most substances, will cause an increase in solubility?
The temperature increasing.
What is the type of solutes which are affected by a change in pressure?
Those in the gas state.
The solubility of gaseous solutes will increase when…
The pressure increases.
What happens to gaseous solutes when the temperature increases?
THe solubility will decrease.
Heating a solution will…
Accelerate the rate at which a salt dissolves in water.
2 more ways to increase the rate at which a solute dissolves?
If you powder it and if you mix it.
The rate at which a solute dissolves is not related to…
The amount of the solute which can dissolve.
What is the concentration of a solution?
The amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quality of solvent.
What is a dilute solution?
It only contains a small amount of solute.
Difference between a solution and an aqueous solution:
Aqueous solution means that water is the base, whereas a solution in general can just be a mix of liquids.
Why is water the universal solvent?
It is really good at dissolving things, and although it cannot dissolve all things, it can dissolve most.
What is a surfactant?
A surfactant eases the tension between water and oil and allows immiscible liquids to mix.
What is the process of Saponification?
Soaps form when fat or acids react with a strong base. This reaction breaks down the triglyceride fats (oils) into their fatty acid components which then combine with a base to form soap molecules.
Study Micelle!!!
Formula of Saponification:
Oils + Lye yields “saponification” —–> SOAP
NaOH [ chemical rxn]
(aqueous) [ initiated ]
