All Chaps Flashcards
(324 cards)
1
Q
Any material condition or act that contribute to the start of a fire
A
Fire hazard
2
Q
Three signal words found in the book
A
Warning, caution, note
3
Q
An organization, office or individual responsible for forcing the court requirements of code
A
Authority having jurisdiction
4
Q
Building process takes weeks to years and requires many resources such as
Le, Tk , Fr, Ms and Ct
A
Legal expertise, technical knowledge, financial resources, management skills and creative talent
5
Q
Preincident survey versus preincident planning
A
Assessment of a facility versus act of preparing to manage an incident
6
Q
Building department should watch for any of the following potential dangers changes
A
Removal of penetration or bearing wall, modifications to beams or trusts, overloading a roof, rooftop additions, remodeling that creates additional voids, illegal remodeling or overlying
7
Q
Occupants safety must be considered in the following areas regarding buildings?
A
Designer stairs, balcony railings, overhead obstacles, electrical system, elevator
8
Q
Total quantity of combustible Content of a building
A
Fuel load
9
Q
Construction type one
A
Fire resistance
10
Q
Construction type to
A
Protected non-combustible
11
Q
Construction type three
A
Ordinary construction, constructed with exterior walls of Masonary but from a technical standpoint any non-combustible material with the required a fire resistance can be used. Interior structural components that are permitted to be partially or holy combustible include walls columns and beams floors and roofs
12
Q
Construction type 4
A
Heavy timber
13
Q
Construction type 5
A
Wood frame. all Major structural components are permitted to be combustible
14
Q
Building elements of that may be altered to improve access include
A
Entrances, parking and passenger loading zones, elevators, alarms, means of egress
15
Q
Factors that influence a building condition at any given time
A,M, Cm Mo
A
Age, materials, construction methods, maintenance overtime
16
Q
Examples of factors that may require maintenance and upgrading overtime
W, H , R, SF
A
Wiring heating, Roofs, settling foundations
17
Q
Gentrification
A
All the properties that are extensively rehabilitated to desire modern real estate
18
Q
Green design
A
Energy efficient structures
19
Q
When doors and windows are tightly fitted what happened to the flow of air
A
The flow of air is reduced resulting in oxygen deprived environments
20
Q
Fire loss management is systematic and includes many factors including ( L. E.A)
A
Life safety, engineering and administrative controls to protect community resources
21
Q
Spec building
A
Buildings built for securing a tenant or Occupant
22
Q
The art of building design
A
Aesthetics
23
Q
Large uncontrollable fire covering a considerable area example forest fires
A
Conflagration
24
Q
Transfer of heat energy through the movement of hot smoke and fire gases
A
Convection
25
Transfer of heat energy through space by Electromagnetic wave similar to xray
Thermal radiation
26
What can be negative damage by the heat of external fire
Exposure
27
Ways fire spreads to an exposure building?
openings such as doors, roofing material, siding material, windows, fire loads places close and a lack of organize fire protection
28
Three levels of exposure are
Light, moderate, severe
29
Fire protection methods Used to protect buildings from exposing fires include
Clearances space between buildings and roadways, limit on height, reducing openings and exterior walls
30
3 Fire detection suppression systems
Water sprinkler systems,fire retardant distribution systems and automatic outside deluge system
31
Self supporting barrier walls between the fire building and exposures, blank walls of non-combustible construction, exterior Masonary walls, glass block panels and openings and white glass in steel/windows
Passive(allowable) barriers
32
Preincident plans should include
OT, HM , FPS, AR, U
Occupancy tape, what they do in that building, Hazardous materials, location and functions of fire protection systems, building access routes and utilities present
33
What are three primary strategies in a fire incident
Offensive, defensive and transitional
34
Factors that are influence by fire behavior regarding buildings include ?
Bc, Oc, Fl , Fr
Building classification, occupancy classification, fire load and fire resistance
35
Explain the three digit number code for fire resistance
( E. F+ C. F)
1st digit- fire resistance in hours exterior bearing wall
2nd- Fire resistance readings of structural frames or columns and grinder that support loads of more than one floor
3rd- Fire resistant reading the floor construction
36
Type one construction fire resistance
Presence of non-combustible structural components that also have fire resistant rating with unspecified ranges
37
What type of building is less likely to Callapse on the fire fighter
Type one
38
Type one buildings are most commonly constructed of
Protected steel frame or reinforced concrete
39
Building material inherently non-combustible with good thermal insulating properties
Concrete
40
Fire retardant can be applied to any substance except
Water
41
Type 2 construction Material used
Steel, con creek, glass and aluminum with limited structural roll.
Protected non-combustible or non-combustible
42
Type 2 Construction protected requires that structural components have how long of a fire resistance
One hour
43
Type 2 Unprotected allow structural components to remain
Unprotected
44
The use of what is the most common characteristic of unprotected, non-combustible construction
Steel
45
Type3 Construction
Commonly referred to as ordinary structure. Constructed with exterior walls of Masonary but technically any non-combustible material with the required fire resistance can be used for exterior walls.
46
Interior structure components that are permitted to be partially or wholly combustible in type 3 construction include w, c, b, f , r
Walls, COlums, Beans, floors and roof
47
Fire concerns with type 3 construction are ?
Combustible concealed spaces that are created between floors and ceiling joists in between studs in partition walls when they are covered with Interior finish materials
48
Type 4 Construction
Heavy timber. The exterior walls are normally of Masonary construction in the interior structural components are combustible
49
Two main differences between type 3 and 4 construction? 
Type four construction the beams, columns, floors and roofs are made of solid or laminated wood with bigger dimensions then and type three.
Concealed spaces are not permitted between structural components in type 4.
50
Type 4 construction is the only construction type that does not include
(AB)
A and B subdivisions, instead it uses 2HH
51
Type 4 buildings that have been converted to residential use from original application include
Factories Mills and warehouse 
52
Type five construction
All major construction rule components are permitted to be of combustible instruction. Wood frame as the primary structural support. Required to have a one hour fire resistance
53
Fundamental problem Type 5 construction
Presence of extensive concealed/void spaces
54
Maximum amount of heat they can be released If all fuel is consumed
Fire load
55
amount of thermal energy that could be generated by combustion hoc
HeatOf combustion
56
Thermal energy
Heat
57
Chemical process of oxidation that occurs in the right fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either close or flame
Combustion
58
International building code defines non-combustible material as being ?
In the form in which used in under the condition anticipated will not ignite burn support combustion or at least flammable vapor’s when subjected to heat or fire
59
several properties of Fire resistance material including
Comb,T- Cond,Chem comp, Den , Dim
Combustibility, thermal conductivity, chemical composition, Density and dimension
60
The only standardized test method currently universally excepted by building code
E-119
61
Tension
Pulls materials apart
62
Stress any structure remember that tends to Stretch the member apart
Tensile stress
63
Slides one plain of the material pass an Adjacent plan
Sheer stress
64
3 Stresses forms external loads
65
Difference between dead, live, static loads
D-permanent load
L- not permanent ( pp)
S- steady or applied gradually
66
Dynamic loads
Involve motion including impact winds, falling objects and vibration
67
Rain and snow are examples of what kind of loads
Live
68
5 Effects of wind on structure(pic). R/b
69
Earthquakes traveling in WAVES
Seismic forces
70
Movement by tectonic plates
Faults
71
Movement of a shock wave THROUGH the ground or structure after a large donation
Seismic effect
72
3 Common locations where walls may be insufficiently braced include(not actually building)
Construction sites demolition sites fire damage buildings
73
Application of force is CAUSED by earthquakes
Seismic load
74
Lateral load( retaining walls)
Live load that exerts a horizontal force against a structure
75
Horizontal motion
Side to side swaying motion
76
Movements of large amplitude resulting from small force applied at a natural frequency of a structure (Synchronized)
Resonance
77
Install in concrete allows structures to move independently of each other Ej
Expansion joists
78
Structural elements designed to control vibrations Dm
Dampening mechanisms
79
Rubber like material. Placed in a layer between the building at the foundation
Elastomer
80
Two common methods of base foundation SS
Sheer, sliding systems
81
Elastomeric bearings place between the building in the foundation SS
Sheer system
82
Special plates that SLIDE on each other to isolate the building from horizontal share forces less Call
Sliding system
83
Joist
Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or roof. Drywall or flooring is screwed into it
84
projected beam or/supported at one end
Cantilever
85
Pressure exerted by soil against the foundation is known as
Active soil pressure
86
The force of the foundation against the soil is known as
Passive soil pressure
87
Materials used in beams can include
Steel, wood and reinforced concrete
88
Types of beam support
S,R C,C,O
89
I-beam cross-section names
Top and bottom are called flanges,Middle i part is the web
90
Material is using COlums can include
W, s , cI, c, M
Wood. Steal , cast-iron concrete masonry
91
Materials used in arches
M,s,c,lw
Masonary, steel, concrete, laminate wood
92
Common trust configurations pic
93
Connectors use with steel trusses
STeal gp, R and W
Steal gasket plates, rabbits, welds
94
connectorsUsed with wood truss include
P/B, G, A, B and MS
Pins or bolts, gusset, adhesive, brackets and metal straps
95
Three dimensional truss structures. The internal structure provide structural support while the skin provide styling and protection from the elements
Space frames
96
Typical materials used in bearing walls include
Concrete block, brick, stone, Solid wood, concrete panels
97
Bearing wall structures use walls to support spanning elements including
B, T , C
Beans trusses pre-Cass concrete slabs
98
What type of Construction start using vertical elements to support horizontal elements
Post and beam construction
99
Which type of Structural load exerts a force PERPENDICULAR to structural members look up
Traverse load
100
Often single-story In height with gable roofs oh, skeleton frame reinforced between a column and beam materials used are steel, Laminated wood and reinforced concrete is what kid of frame ?
Rigid frame
101
Convenient stairs
There’s a connect to floors in a multi story building
102
Tread
Horizontal face of a step
103
Riser
Vertical part of the stairstep
104
Run
Horizontal measurement of a stair tread or the distance of an entire stair length
105
Rise
Vertical distance between the treads I will stay away or the height of the entire stairway
106
Stair components in dimension pic
107
Landing
Horizontal platform where flight of stairs begins or ends
108
Type of stairs pic
109
Six types of stair designs
Straight run, return, scissors, circular, folding and spiral
110
Building that often include scissor stairs are
Airports, convention centers, Malls and cinemas
111
Measures indicated in building code to protect stair enclosures include
Limited penetration for light fire protection environmental control, Closing fire rated doors, separation from the rest of the building and stairway halls
112
Fire escapes are usually anchored to the building and the anchor points may fail without warning due to ??
Damage from freeze-thaw cycle, corrosion from pollution /Weather and Inadequate mortar holding the anchors
113
For stairs serving buildings 5 stores or higher building code have traditionally required a minimum of how many smoke proof stair enclosures
One
114
Active / passive fire protection?
Active - uses mechanical or electrical parts that work as a system and require a power source.
Passive - no equipment, relies on building design( fire walls )
115
Building code typically allow the use of open stairs in buildings only when
They connect no more than two adjacent floors above the basement level
116
Where systems often penetrate fire barriers are protected by features such as
Fd, S , sS
Fire doors, shutters, water spray fix fire suppression systems
117
Safeguards against incomplete closures include
ASC
BiC
Fd/s
Automatic stop controls
Breaks in conveyors
Multiple layers of doors or shutters
118
Three types of elevators
P,F,S
Passenger elevator carry people
Freight elevator carry resources
Service elevators carry freight plus people
119
Two most common types of power used in elevators
Hydraulic /electric
120
Electric elevators use?
A hoist and cable in a drum
121
For common styles of elevators are
D,T,mr,D
Drum / traction elevators Intended for passengers
machine room-less elevators intended for passage
and dumbwaiter for cargo use
122
Hoistway
Vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels
123
Motors in elevators are what kinds of current ?
Direct current or alternative current
124
Direct current Circuit
Electric circuit in which the current moves through the circuit in only One Direction
125
Alternative current Circuit
Electrical circuit in which the current can move through the circuit in both directions
126
Traction elevator pic
127
Machine room includes ?
Elevator hoistway that includes all components motors mounted within the hoistway itself to illuminate the need for a machine at the top of the Hoistway
128
Elevator pit
Base of an elevator Hoist waythat contains equipment maintenance access
129
Wall panels that are bracing and lateral loads such as wind and Seismic loads SW
Sheer wall
130
Mushrooming
Heat smoke and other products of combustion rise until they encounter a horizontal obstacle, at this point they were spread laterally until the encounter vertical obstacles begin to bank downward
131
Use for eXpress elevators that serve the upper elevator zones in tall buildings. No entrance on floor between the main floor and the lowest floor. What kind of hoist way is this ?
Blind hoistway
132
Refuse chute
For laundry trash from upper floors are building to the basement
133
Pipe chase
134
Pipe chase contains pipe we need for services including
Hot and cold portable water, drain lines, steam, heat and air-conditioning and sprinkler pipe
135
Code regulates the location of air Intake to minimize Drawing in the following hazards
Combustibility, Flammable or toxic substance, vehicle exhaust and smoke from fires
136
Activated by buildings alarm system or fusible links automatically restrict the flow of air through all parts of an air handler system
Fire damper
137
Unoccupied space within a building through which air flows back to the heated ventilation in air-conditioning system normally above a ceiling and below and insulated roof or floor above
Return air plenum
138
Forced air system
Heating and cooling system that uses air as a heat transfer medium
139
Heating and cooling system that uses WATER as a heat transfer medium
Hydronic system
140
Rooftop or independent unit that eject waste heat into the atmosphere to lower the temperature in a system used in HVAC system
Cooling tower
141
Non-combustible barrier a divider hung from the ceiling in large opening areas that are designed to minimize the mushroom effect
Draft curtains
142
Style of smoke control for stairways is the use of””.. Separated from a building corridor by vestibule that is open to the atmosphere? 
Smoke towers
143
Stairwell pressurization system that uses one point of supply air
Single injection system
144
Stairway Pressurization system that uses air supply shop that discharge supply air at a uniform rate along several points within the stairwell
Multiple injection system
145
Stairwell pressurization system that Can modulate the pressure and stairwells. Cs
Compensated System
146
Device or material that has been tested by laboratories and certified as having a minimum criteria
Listed
147
Paint like product that EXPANDS when it supposed to heat, creates an insulating barrier that protects material underneath it
Intumescent coating
148
Heat resistant construction ADHESIVE that bonds with most materials, uses the heat retardant
Mastics
149
Types of fire retardant coatings available include I, M, GFP, C/M F C
Intumescent,mastic, gas forming paint and cementitious / mineral fiber coating
150
Measurements that have one components tests performance against a set of standards CRT
Criterion referenced testing
151
Standard Testa used to measure the surface burning characteristics of various materials
Astm e -84
152
Steiner tunnel test
Test used in the determination of fire spread rating
153
Large scale test used to evaluate the performance of interior finishes under fire conditions is nfpa ?
NFPA 286
154
Amount of water required to extinguish the fire in a timely manner
Fire flow
155
Freestanding walls
Self-supporting firewalls independent of the structures frame
156
Firewalls CONNECTING to a line of columns are steel structure of support the same degree of fire resistance
Tied walls
157
Parapet walls
Vertical extension of exterior wall, above the roofline buildings
158
Firewalls are not popular with designers for reasons including
Increase structural cost, interface with the free movement or materials and unattractivenrss
159
Types of facilities that may be constructed without firewalls include
F,w,r
Factories, warehouses and retail stores
160
Interior walls that do not qualify as firewalls but R used to subdivided a floor or area of the building
Fire partition
161
Fire partitions can be Constructed of a wide variety of materials including P.G ,W,C
Plaster, gypsy wallboard, conCrete
162
Stairwells and buildings 4 stories or lower required to have what rated enclosure
One hour
163
Buildings taller than four stories are required to have what hour rated?
2
164
Most common construction materials used for enclosed walls include
Gypsy board with steel or wood studs, lath and plaster, concrete block and Holly clay tiles
165
Curtain walls are what functions
Resistant environmental loads, controls heat loss, Limits noise and limit solar radiation
166
Fire doors are rated in increments of time from
20 mins - 4hours
167
Fusible links
Device that uses our melts when exposed to fire
168
Glass that’s fire protection
Glazing
169
Installed in fire door to permit ventilation while the door is closed under normal conditions. Auto close under fire conditions usually by a Fusible
Link.
Lourver
170
2 strategies used to assess soil are TP/B
Test pits and test boring
171
Factors that Influence the type in depth of a foundation
Soil conditions, type of building, buildings continent, lateral forces, workspace requirements, building code and influence on other buildings
172
Shallow foundations usually use reinforced concrete what ?
Footings
173
Protective sleeve used to keep water out of An excavation for a pier(mark)
Caisson
174
Insulated concrete foam construction can be used for F / w
Foundations, above and below grade walls
175
Expanded polystyrene
Closed cell foam use for Building insulation
176
Symptoms of settling in
Disoriented building frame, sloping floors, cracked walls and glass, and I inproperly working doors and windows and damage building utilities
177
Causes of differentialSettling include
Non-uniform Soil conditions under the foundation, footings of different sizes, footings placed a different elevations and unequal loads on footings
178
Materials used as a temporary support
Shoring
179
Permanent supports U
Underpinning
180
Under pinning an existing foundation may be necessary because of changes over time Including
Excessive settlement, increased load, evacuate and on adjacent properties and erosion of soil
181
Types of wood used in construction are typically soft woods including
Pine fir and spruce
182
Some disadvantages to Wood are related to the natural growth of a tree including
What is never dimensionally true, weather conditions affect the size and shape of wood, which does not shrink or swell uniformly, defects include knots not holes decay insect damage splits, strawberries with species, grade
183
Lumber with standard nominal measurements for use in building construction
Dimensional lumber
184
Nominal dimensions of lumber
Actually finished size of lumber
185
What is stronger parallel to the what ? Than against the what ?
Wood is stronger Parallel to Grain than against grain
186
Other Factors that will contribute to wood component strength include ? M, S, S
Material, shape and size
187
Laminated wood
Made a flat strips of wood joined with glue
188
Connection between two parts made by simply securing END surfaces together without additional shaping at the ends. A simple but weak joint. Easy to 
Produce but cannot beUsed where tensile stresses will be transmitted along the length of a beam.
Butt joint
189
Current Research indicates that the heat of a fire has essentially want affects on adhesive’s that are used in beams
No affect on Adhesives
190
Types of joints (pic)
Butt , scarf, finger
191
Thermoplastic composite lumber is primarily used in construction of (bigmike)
Outside decks and railings. These types of decks also burn black and sooty unlike wood
192
Plywood is used for?
S, Cf, WoH
Sheathing, concrete framework, webs of compose beams hulls of ships
193
Polyvinyl chloride P
Chemical used in manufacture of plastics
194
Non-veneered panel are made of ?
Made of engineered wood formed into sheets using glue and or pressure
195
Wooden structure a panel form by glowing and compressing would strands together under pressure
Oriented strand board
196
Not generally use for structural application although it may be used in a lateral force resistance diaphragms. Also known as flakeboard, chipboard or shavings board
Particleboard
197
Oriented strand board is widely used for
Sheathing and some floors and wood frame buildings
198
Most common Sheathing are
Wood, OSB, particleboard or exterior gypsy sheathing
199
Glass wool, rock wool in forms of batts or blankets w/Combustible paper or foil covering, fiberglass are Non-combustible materials used for ??
Installation
200
Two types of Solid fill foam insulation are
F / P
Formaldehyde and Polyurethane
201
Venere walls
Walls with a surface layer of atractive material laid over a base of common material. Usually brick or stone
202
Type V-B wood is ?
Wood frame unprotected
203
Type V -A wood is ?
Wood frame protected
204
Materials used as manufactured components include
A , D , MF and P
Adhesive, dementia, metal fasteners and pans
205
Ignition temperatures are difficult to measure accurately because of variability in the
Density of the wood, size and forward of wood , rate of heating , Nature of the heating source and air supply
206
Fire retardant material reduces wood
Strength
207
Hydroscopic
Tendency to absorb water
208
Factors used to Evaluate the hazards severity in a given location include
Gs, Cs, Ws and C
Ground slope, clear space around property, water supply and climate
209
Methods of connecting timber pic
210
The wood framing system most frequently encountered can be broadly classified into two types L or H
Light wood framing and heavy timber framing
211
Other wood type building P /W construction ,P
Pole construction, Wall construction and prefab
212
Light wood framing uses nominal lumber that is “” at its smallest Dimension
2 inches
213
Balloon frame pic
214
Ledger board
Joyce that support the second floor rest on ledger boards. Supports the joys
215
Platform frame picture
216
Platform framing is more prone to white then balloon framing
Shrinkage
217
Manufactured beams picture
218
Engineered wood and joists constructive three engineered wood components there bonded together to form and I shape cross-section
I joist
219
I Joyce are increasingly common in what supports in residential/ non residential houses?
Floors
220
The most common types of stone used I. construction are
Lime stone, sandstone and brownstone,Granite, marble, Slate
221
Expansion of Masonary materials resulting in services to disintegrate or chip
Spalling
222
Most mortar is produced from a mixture of
Portland cement, hydrated lime , sand and water
223
Materials used in the most commonly encountered load bearing masonry walls include
concrete block
Brick
Combo of both
224
Stretcher course placement
Bricks placed end to end
225
Soldier course placement
Bricks placed vertically on the end
226
Header course placement
Ends facing out
227
Course
Horizontal layer of individual Masonary units
228
Example of buttresses
229
Reinforcement of masonry walls can take over forms and can include architectural features such as B, Fb, P
Buttresses, flying buttresses and pilasters
230
Structural pilasters
231
Modern Masonary buildings have interior framing system including
Masonary columns or interior bearing walls, steel beams or trust and would
232
Buttress
Provide lateral supports without requiring extra thickness in a bearing walls
233
Rectangular Manson pilllar that extend from face to face of a wall to provide adds support for the wall.
Pilaster
234
Fire cut
End of a floor joint being cut at a slight angle
235
Supports over openings in masonry walls L A C
236
Parapet wall
Extension of a Masonary are still all the projects above the roof 1 foot or more
237
Façade
Fake roofs.
238
Cornice
Canceel space near the eave of a building.
239
Two primary metals Alloyed in steal are
I . c
Iron and carbon
240
Basic Characteristic properties of steel include
Strongest building material, doesn’t rot, resist age, dimensionally stable, comes from a controlled industry manufacturing process
241
Disadvantage of steel
Tendency to rust when exposed to air in moisture
242
Steal can be protected from formation of rust how ?
Painting the surface rust paint, coding with materials zinc in aluminum adding alloy element
243
Molybdenum in steel equals
Strength
244
Vanadium In steel equals
Strength and toughness
245
Magnesium in steal
Resistance of steel to abrasion
246
Ability of metal to be hammered then or rolled into shape without breaking
Ductility
247
Rolling
Process of forming metal stock into shapes including sheets bypassing then bars and metal through a pair rollers
248
One common structural steel is
Astm a-36
249
Astm a36 includes what materials
M, C S
Magnesium, carbon and Silicone
250
Cementitious materials are produced in various formulations ingredients can include
pc, G, P and V
Portland cement, gypsum , perlite and vermiculite
251
Process that heats a substance to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point. Causes loss of moisture, reduction of oxidation and decomposition of carbonates
Calcined
252
Process of driving free and chemically found water out of gymsum
Calcination
253
Commonly used method of protecting a steel floor or roof assembly. Ceiling material suspended from the supports for the floor or ceiling above
Membrane ceiling
254
Rigid connect versus simple connect
255
Most common Column cross sections are
Hc, art, wide F s
Hollow cylinder,
rectangular tube and
Wide flange shape similar to the cross-section of an I-beam
256
Structural support in buildings do not have a slenderness ratio greater than
120
257
Steel beam flooring system
258
Corrugated steel
Formed into ridges or grooves.
259
Unprotected light gauge steel sheathing may “” Structurally although it will not””
Fail / melt
260
Like Masonary concrete does not
Burn
261
Primary advantages of concrete
Low cost Raw Materials, non-combustible, performs well under mild to moderate fire conditions and good insulating properties
262
The ultimate Compressive strength can range from
2500 to 6000 psi
263
Vertical reinforcing bars they provide resistance to diagonal tension
SU
Stirrups
264
Steel strands are stretched between anchors producing a tensile force in the steel. Concrete is then placed around the steel strands and allowed to harden. After concrete had hardened the force applied to the steel is released.
Pretensioned reinforcement
265
Common ways The concrete is used for include
Pavement, foundation, Columns, floors, walls
266
Normal design Strength in concrete is reached after how many days
28 days
267
Concrete cured at or above 100° will
Not reach its proper strength
268
Evaluating the moisture content of wet concrete is what test ?
Slump test
269
I fire resistance of a concrete assembly is affected by such variables as the following
D, T, Q, L
Concrete density thickness quality supported load
270
Heat sink affect
Concrete tends to retain heat of fire and release it slowly
271
Standard Shapes for precast concrete slabs
272
For my firefighters standpoint the roofs of buildings can be classified into three
Flat, pitched and curved
273
Lamela construction roofs have been used for G, A Eh
Gyms, auditoriums, exhibition hall’s
274
A geodesic dome can be constructed with what kind of materials W, s , c ,p, b , a
Wood, steel, concrete, plywood, bamboo, aluminum
275
Unprotected lightweight open web Joyce can be expected to fail
Quickly
276
Conventional framing components include
Raptors, Ridgeboard, collar ties, ceiling Joyce and a raptor ties
277
The most common rooftops constructed with conventional framing include
S, G, H, G, M
Shed, cable, hip, Gabriel and mansard
278
Materials used in arches in M, Lw, S
Masonary, laminated wood and steel
279
Vapor barrier consist of a continuous sheet of material resistance to the
passage Of water vapor include?
Plastic, aluminum foil, Kraft paper laminated with asphalt and asphalt saturated roof felt
280
Three categories of membranes are
B, S F
Buildup, single ply and fluid applied membranes
281
Built upRoofs that use gravel as the wear courses are commonly known as
Tar and gravel roofs
282
To be a third-party listed product materials are subjected to what six tests
fE test, BB test , FB test , R test , W test and SoF test
Flame exposure test, burning brand test, flying brand test, Rain test , weather test spread of flame test
283
High-rise buildings have to be more than how many feet tall
75 feet in height
284
High-rise buildings typically have Duck detectors arrange to prevent?
recirculation of smoke to other floors, smoke detectors in elevator rooms, circuit breaker link to see detection system and smoke detectors detectors
285
Fire command center is definitely located
First floor
286
Only consider using elevator if the fire is above what floor?
5
287
Do not use elevator to travel to
Fire for
288
Never taken elevator Below
Ground level
289
Building features that limit fire fighter access
Solid walls lacking doors or windows, obstructions on exterior walls, Obstructions between buildings and access roads and BANKed earth or difficult terrain
290
Difficulties for firefighters in underground facilities include
Access, rescue and evacuation, ventilation, water supply and Drainage of water
291
Maximum available fire resistant protection in hours
Four hours
292
Air inflated structures are
Spaces with a fully open floor plan examples stadiums athletic fields casinos churches
293
Types of explosion vents include
l, H, Wp, W , R
Louvered openings, hangers type door , wall panels, windows, roof
294
Fuel at construction sites are used for
Heating, vehicle fuels and construction process
295
The most common temporary fire protection measure is the installation of
Standpipes with outlets
296
Standpipe pipes must be extended as /
Especially on what more than “” stories ?
Construction continues
All hi rise buildings and low rise building more than three stories
297
Two causes of building collapse
Natural and human cause
298
Piecemeal demolition versus controlled collapse of demolition
P- Perform at handtools or machines control - performed with larger equipment .
299
Common sources of explosion in buildings include
Boilers, flammable gases, gasoline vapors, powder dust, storage of fireworks, terrorist, laboratories, oils
300
Landslides are defined as
Movement of rocks earth or debris dinosaur
301
NFPA 80 contains some information on fire doors including best practices for the following x3 T, I M
Testing, inspections, maintenance
302
A door will likely fail when the following components are damaged
The door closer, it’s self or door guides
303
Overhead fire doors are especially subject to ?
damage
304
Mortar is available in five basic types with compression strengths between ?
75psi -2500 psi
305
Can be used as an insulated material either in form of a flight boards or a plaster
Gypsum
306
connection between beams and columns that are designed to resist the bending of forces resulting from supporting loads and lateral forces Rf
Rigid frame
307
Frames designed primarily to support a vertical force
Simple frame
308
Connection and what type of frame are not completely rigid but process enough ridgity to provide some diagonal support to the structure
Semi rigid frame
309
Plywood, wood planks, congruent steel, precast gypsum or concrete planks, poured gypsum/concrete and cement planks containing wood fiber are all materials used in what
The construction of roof decks
310
Single ply membranes roofs consist of ?
A single membrane laid in sheets. The material comes in 10 or 20 fr wide and up to 200ft long
311
Useful for building with curve roof services such as domes that would be difficult to cover without material, it’s applied a LIQUID and allowed to cure
Fluid applied membranes
312
Materials used in liquid applied membranes ? N, S , P, Br
Neoprene, silicone, polyurethane and butyl rubber
313
Design to override the recall feature to permit providers to use the elevator after they arrive on the scene are what operations ?
Phase 2 operations
314
Elevator safety that prevents the doors from closing if there’s a person or smoke in the doorway
Electric safety, disabled during phase 2 operations to allow the doors to be closed in the car move if it inherently stops at a smoke-filled floor
315
Activation of automatic smoke detectors, activation of automatic sprinkler water flow alarm and activation of manual keyed switch in terminal floor lobby are triggers of what operations ?
Phase 1 operations
316
Newer building code requires at a minimum of how many lighted stairways be provided When building construction which is a height above four stories or 50
1
317
Until final systems are in place and tested resources that may be required to maintain water supply include
Temporary means, hydrants, FDC, temporary risers and temporary bulk sprinkler piping
318
Structural supports must be built before
Load can be added
319
Controlled collapse demolition large equipment used ?
Cranes w/ demolition balls, hydraulic pushers arms, wire rope pulling and explosives
320
Chemical process of oxidation think ??
Combustion
321
Waves think
Seismic forces
322
Through the ground think
seismic effect
323
Caused by earthquake think 
Seismic load
324
Diaphoresis
Sweeting
