All Chapters 🍻 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Collection of facts in order to obtain the three-fold aims
A
Criminal investigation
2
Q
What are the three-fold aims
A
To identify the guilty party
To locate the guilty party
To provide evidence of his guilt
3
Q
Unique and often require the application of Legal Medicine and requires special training to fully understand their broad significance
A
Special crime investigation
4
Q
Branch of medicine which deals with the application of medical knowledge to the purposes of law
A
Legal Medicine
5
Q
Primarily the application of medicine to legal cases
A
Legal medicine
6
Q
Application of medical science to elucidate legal problems
A
Forensic medicine
7
Q
Physician who specializes or involve primarily with medico legal duties
A
Medical Jurist
8
Q
Other term for medical jurist
A
Medicolegal officer
Medicolegal expert
Medical examiner
9
Q
Rule of conduct, just, obligatory, laid by legitimate power for common observance and benefit
A
Law
10
Q
Forms of law
A
Written/Statutory Law (Lex Scripta)
Unwritten/Common Law (Lex non Scripta)
11
Q
Composed of laws which are produced by the country’s legislations
A
Written/Statutory Law (Lex Scripta)
12
Q
Based on immemorial custom and usages
A
Unwritten/Common Law (Lex non Scripta)
13
Q
Denotes anything belonging to the court
A
Forensic
14
Q
Science is art dealing with prevention, cure, and alleviation of diseases
A
Medicine
15
Q
Pertains to law, arising out of, by virtue of or included in Law
A
Legal
16
Q
Science giving wise interpretation of the law and making just application of the to all cases as they arise
A
Jurisprudence
17
Q
Knowledge of law in relation to the practice of medicine
A
Medical Jurisprudence
18
Q
Principle of Stare Decises
A
To stand by the things decided
19
Q
Means, sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact
A
Evidence
20
Q
Employed to prove a fact is medical in nature
A
Medical evidence
21
Q
Types of medical evidence
A
Autoptic evidence
Testimonial evidence
Experimental evidence
Documentary evidence
22
Q
Physician may be commanded to appear before a court to give his testimony
A
Testimonial evidence
23
Q
Not proceeding from the personal knowledge of the witness
A
Hearsay Evidence ( second hand evidence )
24
Q
Exception to hearsay rule
A
Dying declaration
25
Physician who testifies in court matters perceived from his patient in the course of physician-patient relation
Ordinary witness
26
Physician in account of his training and experience can give his opinion on a set of medical facts
Expert witness
27
Medical witness may be allowed by the court to confirm his allegation or as a corroborated proof an opinion he previously stated in full view of the court
Experimental evidence
28
This means that the conduct of experiment should be with the presence of the Judge
In full view of the court
29
Written evidence presented to the court by expert witness about the subject matter in dispute
Recorded by means of letters, figures, or mark
Documentary evidence
30
Examples of Medical Documentary Evidence
Medical Certificate or report
Medical Expert Opinion
Deposition
31
Medical Certification or report on:
Medical examination report
Physical examination report
Necropsy/Autopsy report
Laboratory report
Exhumation report
Birth certificate
Death certificate
32
Testimony of a physician on account of his training and expertise can give his own opinion on set of medical facts
Medical expert opinion
33
Testimony of a witness taken upon oral question or written interrogation
Deposition
34
Recognition of individual determine by characteristics which distinguish thay individual from all others
Identification
35
Rules in personal identification
Law of multiplicity of evidence
The value of different points of identification varies on formulation of conclusion
36
Methods of identification
By comparison
By exclusion
37
Recovered during investigation are compared with records available in the file
By comparison
38
Process of elimination
By exclusion
39
Points of identification applicable to living persons only
Characteristics that may be easily changed
Characteristics that may not be easily changed
40
Characteristics that may be easily changed
Growth of hair, beard and mustache
Clothing
Frequent place of visit
Grade of profession
Body ornamentions
41
Characteristics that may not be easily changed
Mental memory
Speech
Gait
Mannerism
42
Forms of gait
Ataxic gait
Cerebellar gait
Cows gait
Paretic gait
Spastic gait
Festinating gait
Frog gait
Waddling gait
43
Gait pattern
Direction line
Gait line
Foot line
Foot angle
Principal angle
Length of step
Breadth of step
44
Scientific method of identification
Fingerprinting
Dental identification
Identification of skeleton
Identification of blood and blood stained
45
Considered to be the most valuable method of identification
Fingerprinting
46
Fingerprinting is universally used because:
There are no two identical fingerprints
Fingerprints are not changeable
47
In case of fresh bodies
Unclenched
Small incision
Contraction
48
Washerwomen skin
Glycerin to smoothen the surface
49
Floater
Fingertips cut away
The person taking the prints places a portion of the skin on his right index finger protected by rubber gloves and takes the print after inking the fingertip
50
Hardest substance of the human body
Enamel of the teeth
51
Application of dental science to legal investigation
Forensic odontology
52
In examination of bones the following points can be determined
Whether the remains are of human origin
Whether the remains belonging to single person or not
Sex
53
Wide, smooth, lighter
Female
54
Heavy but smaller
Men
55
Pointers to be considered in blood and blood stained
Determine whether the stain is blood or not
If blood, determination whether blood or not
If human blood, determination of the blood group or blood type does it belong
Characteristics of the stain and the stained material
56
Characteristics of stain and the stained material
Age of the stain
Color of the stain
The manner, degree and condition of the article which have been stained
57
Termination of life
Complete cessation of all the vital organ
Irreversible loss of property of living matter
Death
58
Kinds of death
Somatic/Clinical death
Molecular/Cellular death
Apparent death/State of Suspended Animation
59
Complete, persistent and continuous cessation of the vital function
Somatic Death/ Clinical Death
60
Somatic/clinical type of death
Sociological death
Psychic death
Biologic death
Physiologic death
61
Withdrawal and separation from the patient. Isolation and abandonment
Sociological death
62
Gives up or surrenders accepting death prematurely
Psychic death
63
Absence of cognitive awareness
Artificial life support system
Biologic death
64
Vital organs cease to function
Physiologic death
65
There is still animal life among individuals cell
Molecular/Cellular death
66
Not really death but merely a transient loss of the vital function
Apparent Death/ State of Suspended Animation
67
Methods of detecting the cessation of the heart action and circulation
Examination of the heart
Examination of the peripheral circulation
68
Examination of the heart
Palpation of the pulse
Auscultation for the heart sound at the precordial area
Fluoroscopic examination
By the use of electrocardiograph
69
Region of the wrist or at neck
Palpation of the pulse
70
Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart is audible though the stethoscope
Auscultation for the heart sound at the precordial area
71
Reveal the shadow of the heart
Fluoroscopic examination
72
Heartbeat is accompanied by the passage of electrical charge
Best method of determining heart action but quite impractical
By the use of electrocardiograph
73
Examination of the peripheral circulation
Magnus test
Opening of the small artery
Icards test
Pressure on the fingernails
Diaphanous test
Application of heat on the skin
Palpation of the radial pulse with finger
74
Ligature is applied around the base of the finger with moderate tightness
Magnus' test
75
Living: the blood escapes jerk and at a distance
Dead: there is no jerking escape of blood
Opening of small artery
76
Injection solution of fluorescein subcutaneously
Applied only with the use of daylight
Icards' test
77
Living: paleness
Dead: no such change of color
Pressure on the fingernails
78
Finger webs are viewed through a strong light
Living: red
Dead:yellow
Diaphanous test
79
Living: blister
Dead: not produce true blister, no sign of congestion
Application of heat on the skin
80
Living: feel the rhythmic pulsation
Dead: no such pulsation will be observed
Palpation of the radial pulse with fingers
81
Cessation of respiration in order to be considered as a sign of death must be continuous and persistent
Stoppage of respiration
82
Methods of detecting cessation of respiration
a) exposed the chest and abdomen and observe the movement during inspiration and respiration
b) examine the person with the aid of stethoscope
c) mirror test
d) examination with a feather or cotton fiber
e) examination with a glass of water
f) Winslow's test
83
Cold looking glass held in front of the mouth and nostril
Mirror test
84
Place a fine feather or a strip of cotton on front of the lips and nostril
Examination with a feather of cotton fiber
85
Place a glass half full of water at the region of the chest
Examination with a glass of water
86
No movement of the image formed by reflecting artificial or sunlight
Winslow's test
87
Progressive fall of the body temperature
Algor mortis/cooling of the body
88
Normal body temperature
Certain sign of death
37°C or 98.3°F
15 to 20°F
89
Complete body relaxation of the whole muscular system
Changes in the muscle (3-6hrs after death)
90
Entire muscular tissue passes three stages of after death
Stage of flaccidity
Stage of post-mortem rigidity
Stage of secondary flaccidity or secondary relaxation
91
Muscular change upon death characterized the relaxation of muscles and loss their natural tone
This stage last for 3to4 hours after death
Stage of primary flaccidity
(post-mortem muscular irritability)
92
Stiffening of the muscle of the body after death
Stage of post-mortem rigidity
93
In warm country, this stage sets in from _____________ and fully developed in the body after ___________
It may last from _______
2to3 hrs
12hrs
18to36hrs
94
Post-mortem rigidity AKA _________
Rigor mortis
95
Conditions simulating Rigor mortis
Heat stiffening
Cold stiffening
Cadaveric spasm/instantaneous rigor
96
Hardening of the muscles due to coagulation of muscles protein
Intense heat as by burning or immersion in a hot liquid
Heat stiffening
97
Body is frozen
Due to solidification of fat when body is exposed to freezing temperatures
Cold stiffening
98
Instant stiffening of a certain group of muscles
Violent death due to extreme nervous tension and injury to the central nervous system
Cadaveric spasm/instantaneous rigor
99
Characterized by the softness and flaccidity of the muscles in which ni longer responses to electrical of mechanical stimuli
Stage is onset of putrefaction
Stage of secondary flaccidity or secondary relaxation
100
Purplish discoloration of the body parts nearest to the floor
Mag start after 30mins of death and na kocomplete in 12hrs
Post-mortem lividity
101
Post-mortem lividity AKA ......
Cadaveric lividity, post-mortem suggillation, post-mortem hypostasis, livor mortis
102
Types of post-mortem lividity
Hypostatic lividity
Diffusion lividity
103
Blood vessel still in fluid form
Occurs during the early stage of it's formation
Hypostatic lividity
104
Appears during the later stage of it's formation when the blood has coagulated inside the blood vessel
Any change of position will not change the location of the lividity
Diffusion lividity
105
Breaking down of the complex proteins into simpler components
Putrefaction
106
Special modification of putrefaction
Mummification
Saponification or Adipocere formation
107
Complete dehydration of all body tissue
Cadaver left in an extremely dry, hot area will mummify in about a year
Observed in warm country
Death in deserts, like Egypt, the body has more tendency to mummify
Mummification
108
Kind of Mummification
Natural mummification
Artificial mummification
109
Buried in hot, arid, sandy soil
Multiplication of putrefactive bacteria
Natural mummification
110
Principles involved in artificial mummification
a) acceleration of the evaporation ot the tissue fluid of the body before the actual onset of decomposition
b) addition of some body preservatives. Like arsenic, formalin, resinous or tarry materials
111
Condition wherein the fatty tissue of the body transformed to soft brownish-white substance known as Adipocere
Saponification or Adipocere formation
112
Soapy or waxy material, rancid in smell dissolves in alcohol and when burned it produces yellow flame
Adipocere
113
Universal donor
Type O
114
Recipient
Type AB
115
4 blood type
A
B
O
AB
