Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

P&T1 > All Conditions > Flashcards

All Conditions Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Marfans Def

A

Genetic conditions affecting the connective tissues which can damaged blood vessels, heart, skin, eyes, lungs and bones. Rare 1 in 5000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Marfans causes

A

Defect in chromosome 15, FBN1 gene which enables to the body to produce the proteins which helps give connective tissues it’s elasticity and stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Marfans diagnosis

A

Physical exam
Family history
Eye test
Echocardiogram - looks at sound waves for issues with aorta and heart valves
Genetic testing
CT & MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Marfans treatment

A

Depends on area
Aortic aneurysms treated to lower BP to prevent rupturing of aorta
Vision = glasses / contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Margans CP

A

Tall / thin
Long arms, legs, fingers and toes
Flat feet
High arched palate and crowned teeth
Heart murmurs
Nearsightedness
Curved spine
Stretch marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Marfans complications

A

Eyes = eye retinal detachment = blurred vision / blindness

Curve in spine = scoliosis

Weakened aorta = aortic aneurysm

Weakened heart valve tissues = heart failure

Rib development = protruded / sicken chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Marfans risk factor

A

Family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elhers danlos syndrome EDS
Def

A

Inherited disorder affecting connective tissues in skin and joints - stretchy / fragile skin. 11 different types eg hyper mobile & vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
Treatment

A

NSAIDS
Corticosteroids
Avoid sun
Immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elhers danlos syndrome EDS
Cause

A

Variants and mutations in at least 20 genes which disrupt the production of collagen which weakens connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Elhers danlos syndrome EDS
Diagnosis

A

Family history
Currently loose joints and stretchy skin
Genetic testing to rule out other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elhers danlos syndrome EDS
Treatment

A

Pain = ibuprofen

BP = Blood vessels can be fragile so BP meds to reduced BP to lessen the stress on BV, eg ace-inhibitors ramipril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elhers danlos syndromes EDS
Clinical presentation

A

Increased ROM

Joint and muscle pain

Dislocation

Clumsiness

Stretched, soft, velvet and fragile skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
Def

A

autoimmune - immune system attacking itself, causing inflammation on joints, skins, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
Def

A

autoimmune - immune system attacking itself, causing inflammation on joints, skins, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
S&S

A

can be sudden/slow, mild/severe, temp/permanent
-fatigue
- fever
- joint pain/stiffness/swelling
- butterfly shaped rash on face
- white/blue fingers/toes when cold/stressed
- chest pain
- dry eyes
- headaches
- confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
Cause

A

unknown - can be environmental / genetics
Triggers:
Sun exposure = cells die releasing nucleus antigens that the body attacks
Infections
Meds - BP, antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
RF

A

women, 15-45, African/asian americans,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
Complications

A

Kidney damage/failure, Brain/CNS = visional issues, stroke, seizures. BV = decreased RBC causing anemia. Lungs = painful inflammation of chest cavity lining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE
Diagnosis

A

urine test = increase in protein and RBC would show kidney damage
blood count = decrease WBC and platelets
Imaging
Rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DVT
Def

A

formation of a blood clot in deep veins (mostly legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DVT
S&S

A

swelling, pain, tenderness, cramping/throbbing in one leg, warm/red skin, visible/swollen veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DVT
Treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

is to prevent clot from growing/moving and to reduce risk of recurrence.
Blood thinners - warfarin
compression stockings - prevent swelling
IVC filter (rare) - prevent clots from travelling to lungs

23
Q

DVT
Causes

Study These Flashcards
A

immobility
injury/surgery to BV
Cancer - chemotherapy
Hormonal causes = contraceptive pill, pregnancy
Infection

24
DVT Diagnosis
Ultra sound Blood tests venography = injected ink for BV to be seen on X-ray
25
DVT RF
Immobility Age 60+ Obesity smoking family history hormone replacement therapy
26
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA Def
Abdominal enlargement oe bulbing of the abdominal aorta
27
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA S&S
Often not noticeable until large/ruptured. Pulsating sensation in abdomen, deep constant abdo/back pain, nausea/vomiting, sudden & intense pain can be ruptured aneurysm
28
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA Treatment
Monitoring surgery - repair / remove
29
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA Causes and RF
Genetic Environment Increased fatty deposits in artery can weaken/damage arterial wall Age 60+ Males x5 more likely smoking - weakens BV HBP Connective tissues conditions - Marfans / EDS
30
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA Diagnosis
Abdominal ultrasound CT / MRI
31
Hypertension Def
HBP, elevated blood pressure in arteries
32
Hypertension s&s
blurry/double vision fatigue headaches palpitations nosebleeds flushings dizziness
33
Hypertension Treatment
Aim to reduce BP Adopting healthy lifestyle = exercise, weight management, non smoking. Meds - ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers. Regular monitoring with GP
34
Hypertension Causes and RF
family history age 65+ increases obesity unhealthy lifestyle diet - high sodium, fat and cholesterol levels. Conditions - diabetes, kidney disease Stress Meds - contraceptive pills, steroids and antidepressants.
35
Hypertension Diagnosis
BP cuff
36
Cushings Def
Having excess cortisol hormone ACTH. Cortisol helps respond to stress and reduce inflammation
37
Cushings Cause
Tumor on pituitary or adrenal gland = increased ACTH Taking corticosteroid meds - used to treat asthma, RA - Apart of negative feedback which shuts down cortisol production = Decrease ACTH
38
Cushings Population
Women, 30-40
39
Cushings RF
Overweight, uncontrolled T2D, HBP
40
Cushings S&S
S - Skin fragile T - Trunk obesity from increased insulin R - Round face, Reproductive issues (periods) E - Elevated BP S - Sugar level high S - Stretch marks (purple) E - Excessive body hair D - Dorsocervical fat pad (neck hump), depression / Mood swings
41
Cushings Diagnosis
24hr urine sample for cortisol amount Blood / saliva test at night ACTH plasma level check = decreased ACTH shows issues from the drugs, an increased ACTH can be from issues of disease/tumor MRI of glands
42
Cushings Treatment
Tumor removal with steroid inhibitors reduce steroids slowly
43
Addisons Disease Def
Adrenal glands dont make enough cortisol or aldosterone which is a failure of the adrenal cortex
44
Addisons Disease s&s
S - Sodium and sugar levels low = crave salt T - Tired and weakness E - Electrolyte imbalance R - Reproductive issues - periods O - lOw BP I - Increased pigmentation brownish from overactive pituitary gland D - Diarrhea, depression fatigue fever confusion dehydration
45
Addisons Disease RF
Cancer, taking blood thinner, TB, T1D
46
Addisons Disease Causes
immune system issues - starts attacking adrenal cortex. TB Infection Cancer
47
Systemic Sclerosis Def
group of autoimmune, inflammatory and fibrosis diseases that harden and thicken skin and connective tissues that surround organs and BV
48
Systemic Sclerosis Cause
unknown but can be immune system overactive which causes inflammation and injury to the cells that line BV Affects cardiovascular which causing BP to increase Affects lungs which causing fibrosis Affects kidneys which causes renal crisis
49
Systemic Sclerosis RF
female x3 30-50
50
Systemic Sclerosis s&s
Face and hands = shiny tight skin, reduced ROM, ulcerates cracked skin, calcium deposits in fingers, white/blue fingertips swallowing difficulties cough HBP shortness of breath Dilated BV
51
Beta blockers explain
Help with abnormal heart rhythm and angina, it block adrenaline.
52
Calcium channel blockers Explain
closes calcium channel which decreases calcium to heart and BV which slows down heart rate and slows BP
53
ACE inhibitors Explain
Stops ANG1 converting to ANG2 which relaxes BV as ANG2 is what constricts BV
54
Elhers danlos syndrome EDS Def
Inherited disorder affecting connective tissues in skin and joints - stretchy / fragile skin. 11 different types eg hyper mobile & vascular

P&T1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions