All Drugs

Question 1

Lignocaine

Answer 1

Amide LA

Widely used long half life

Question 2

Bupivacaine

Answer 2

Amide LA
Long half life
Epidural

Question 3

Amethocaine

Answer 3

Ester amide

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

NSAID
Non-selective
Irreversible inhibition of COX, good anti-platelet
Contra in asthma, bronchospasms from leukotrienes
Gastric bleeding

Question 5

Ibuprofen

Answer 5

NSAID

Non-selective COX

Question 6

Paracetamol

Answer 6

NSAID

Selective COX-2

Question 7

Meloxicam

Answer 7

NSAID

COX-2

Question 8

Methotrexate

Answer 8

DMARD
Folate agonist
Anti-cancer, inflammation, immunosuppressant
B/T cells

Question 9

Azathioprine

Answer 9

DMARD

Purine analog

Question 10

Leflunomide

Answer 10

DMARD

Pyrimidine analog

Question 11

Mycophenolate

Answer 11

DMARD
Purine analog
T cell selective

Question 12

Cyclosporin

Answer 12

DMARD

Calcineurin inhibitor, decrease IL-2, decrease T cells

Question 13

Infliximab/Rituzimab

Answer 13

DMARD

Biologicals, used when other DMARDs don’t work

Question 14

Allopurinol

Answer 14

DMARD used in gout

Inhibits production of uric acid, non-competitive inhibitor

Question 15

Colchicine

Answer 15

DMARD used in gout

Inhibits migration of leukocytes into the joint

Question 16

Probenecid

Answer 16

DMARD used in gout

Increases uric acid excretion

Question 17

Morphine

Answer 17

Opioid
High affinity to mu receptors
Inhibits pain transmission to dorsal horn, activates descending inhibitory pathway, inhibits nociceptive fibers

Question 18

Codeine

Answer 18

Opioid
10-20% potency of morphine, weak mu agonist, metabolised into morphine
Lower doses for cough suppression

Question 19

Pethidine

Answer 19

Opioid
Morphine analogue, higher affinity to mu than codeine
Used in childbirth

Question 20

Tramadol

Answer 20

Opioid
Opioid agonist (weak mu) AND serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
Chronic neuropathic pain

Question 21

Naloxone/Naltrexone

Answer 21

Opioid
Competitive antagonist – no analgesic effects. Has affinity for all three receptors
Rapid reversal of opioid effect, used primarily to treat overdose

Question 22

Prednisolone

Answer 22

SAID

Needs to be converted by liver first

Question 23

Dexamethasone

Answer 23

SAID

More potent than Prednisolone

Question 24

Pyridostigmine/Neostigmine

Answer 24

ANS drug
Anti-cholinesterase
Used in Myasthenia Gravis

Question 25

Rocuronium

Answer 25

ANS drug Non-depolarising blocker, competitive antagonist Can be overcome be increasing [ACh]

Question 26

Suxamethonium

Answer 26

ANS drug | Depolarising blocker, nicotinic agonist

Question 27

Atropine

Answer 27

ANS drug | Competitive reversible antagonist of mACh receptors

Question 28

Perindopril

Answer 28

ACE inhibitor Prevents conversion of angiotensin II Causes cough

Question 29

Irbesartan

Answer 29

ARB (Angiotensin receptor blocker) | Doesn't block bradykinin breakdown, no cough

Question 30

Atenolol

Answer 30

Beta Blocker | Cardio selective, only acts on B1 receptors

Question 31

Verapamil

Answer 31

``` Calcium Channel Blocker Centrally acting (SA and AV), thus no reflexive tachycardia ```

Question 32

Amlodipine

Answer 32

Calcium Channel Blocker | Peripherally acting, causes rapid drop in BP causing compensatory tachycardia and CO

Question 33

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 33

Diuretic - Thiazide | Inhibits NaCl reabsorption at distal tubule of nephron

Question 34

Frusemide

Answer 34

Diuretic - Loop diuretic | Inhibits NaCl reabsorption at ascending limb of loop of henle

Question 35

Spironolactone

Answer 35

Diuretic - Potassium sparing diuretic | Competetive aldosterone antagonists at collecting ducts of nephron.

Question 36

Digoxin

Answer 36

Positive Inotrope Inhibit Na/K ATPase, increase Ca in myocardiocytes, increase contractibility, decrease conduction Slows AV node conduction, potential bradycardia and AV block

Question 37

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Answer 37

Nitrate Converted to NO Vasodilators, reduces ventricular wall tension and myocardial oxygen demand

Question 38

Adenosine

Answer 38

Adenosine Hyperpolarises cardiac conducting tissue Slows pacemaker activity through alpha 1 at AV

Question 39

Atorvastatin

Answer 39

Lipid-lowering - Statin Inhibits cholesterol synthesis Increase LDL receptors, increase in HDL

Question 40

Gemfibrozil

Answer 40

Lipid-lowering - Fibrate Stimulate lipoprotein lipase hydrolyse TAGs Increase LDL receptors and HDL