All Drugs Flashcards
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
1) Use: Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid 2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 1st generation/ Reverisble inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors 3) Side effects/ADEs: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha andrenergic 4) Fun Facts: Names contain “-en/-ine” or “-en/-ate”
Leuprolide
1) Use: Infertility (Pulsatile), Prostate Cancer (continuous + flutamide), uterine fibroids (continuous), precocious puberty (continuous) 2) Class/MOA: GnRH analog, pulsatile use=agonist properties, continous use=antagonist properites because downregulates GnRH receptor in pituitary causing decrease FSH/LH 3) Side effects/ADEs: Antiandrogen, N/V 4) Fun Facts Leuprolide can be used in lieu of GnRH
Mannitol
1) Use: Shock, drug overdose 2) Class/MOA: Osmotic diuretic 3) Side effects/ADEs: Pulmonary edema, dehydration, CHF, contraindicated in anuria 4) Fun Facts:
Trifluoperazine
1) Use: Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, psychosis, mania, tourrettes 2) Class/MOA: High potency, typical, antipsychotic. Block D2 receptor 3) Side effects/ADEs: Mostly EPS (dyskinesia) b/c high potency 4) Fun Facts: Neurolepic malignant syndrome is dangerous toxicity of all antipsychotic
Methotrexate (MTX)
1) CA: leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma; non-CA: abortion, ectopic preg, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis 2) folate analog: inhibits DHFR –> decr dTMP –> decr DNA + protein syn 3) myelosuppression (reverse w/ leucovorin); macrovesicular fatty liver change; mucositis; teratogenic 4) S-phase specific
Epinephrine (in Neurology)
1) Use: Glaucoma 2) Class/MOA: alpha agonist, decreases aqueous humor synthesis due to vasoconstriction 3) Side effects/ADEs: Mydriasis, stinging: do not use in closed glaucoma 4) Fun Facts
Aspirin
1) Use: Low dose (s syndrome in children with viral infections. 4) Fun Facts
Cimetidine
1) peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux 2) H2 blocker: reversibly blocks histamine H2 receptor –> decr H+ secretion by parietal cell 3) potent cyt P450 inhibitor (Rx interactions); anti-androgenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decr libido in males); can X BBB (confusion, dizziness, HA) + placenta; decr renal exretion of Cr 4) N/A
Lispro
1)Type I DM, Type II DM, gestational DM, life-threatening hyperkalemia, stress-induced hyperglycemia 2)Insulin/Bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity) -Liver: increase glucose stored as glycogen -Muscle: increase glycogen and protien synthesis and K+ uptake -Fat: aids in TG storage 3)Hypoglycemia, very rarely hypersensitivy rxns 4)Rapid-acting
Antimicrobial
-azole, -cillin, -cycline, -navir
Nifedipine
1) HTN, angina, Prinzmetal’s angina, Raynaud’s 2)Ca2+ Channel Blockers/Block voltgae dependent L-type Ca2+ channel of cardiac and smooth muscle and thereby reduce muscle contractility -more vascular sm. muscle effects 3)Cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation
Bethanchol
1) Activates Bowel and Bladder smooth m. Post-op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention. 2) Direct Cholinomimetic. 4) Resistant to AchE.
Mineral/Vitamin: Ferrous Sulfate
1) Use: Iron defiecnt anemia 2) Class/MOA: 3) Side effects/ADEs: Constipation 4) Fun Facts
Heparin
1) immediate anticoag for PE, ACS, MI, DVT (pregnancy safe) 2) Anti-thrombin: antithrombin cofactor –> decr thrombin* + decr factor Xa 3) toxicity: bleeding, HIT, osteoporosis, Rx interactions; protamine sulfate antidote (pos charge molec that binds neg charge heparin) 4) short 1/2 life
Penicillin G
1) Gram-positive organisms (S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Actinomyces) & syphillis; Bactericidal for gram-positive cocci, gram-positive rods, gram-negative cocci, & spirochetes; Not penicillinase resistant 2) IV Penicillin (Prototype Beta-lactam abx;Non-penicillinase resistant); Bind PNC-binding proteins; Block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan; Activates autolytic enzymes 3) Hypersensitivity rxns; Hemolytic anemia 4) Resistance: Beta-lactamases cleave Beta-lactam ring
Immunosuppressants
Cyclosporine Tacrolimus (FK-506) Sirolimus (rapamycin) Azathioprine Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3)
Tox: Acetaminophen
Rx: N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
1) Use: Allergy 2) Class/MOA: H1 blockers 2nd generation/reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors 3) Side effects/ADEs: Less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS 4) Fun Facts: Name usually ends in “-adine”
Testosterone, methyltestosterone
1) Use: Hypogonadism, development secondary sex characteristics, stimulates anabolism to promote recovery after burn or injury 2) Class/MOA: Agonist at androgen receptor 3) Side effects/ADEs: Masculinization in females, reduces intratesticular testoerone b/c inhibit relase of LH causing gonadal atropy, premature closing epiphyseal plate, increase LDH, decrease HDL
Acetazolamide
1) Use: Glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness 2) Class/MOA: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, prevents bicarb reabsorption in PCT 3) Side effects/ADEs: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy 4) Fun Facts: ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis
Fluphenazine
1) Use: Positive symptoms of schizophrenia, psychosis, mania, tourrettes 2) Class/MOA: High potency, typical, antipsychotic. Block D2 receptor 3) Side effects/ADEs: Mostly EPS (dyskinesia) b/c high potency 4) Fun Facts: Neurolepic malignant syndrome is dangerous toxicity of all antipsychotic
5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
1) colon CA, basal cell carcinoma (topical) 2) pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP (covalently complexes folate) –> complex inhibits thymidylate synthase –> decr dTMP –> decr DNA + protein syn 3) myelosuppression (not reversible w/ leucovorin); OD rescue w/ thymidine; photosensitivity 4) S-phase specific
Brimonide (in neurology)
1) Use: Glaucoma 2) Class/MOA: Alpha agonist, decreases aqueous humor synthesis 3) Side effects/ADEs: no pupillary of vision changes 4) Fun Facts