All Drugs List Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Acetaminophen
A
Wide Therapeutic Index >100
2
Q
Insulin
A
Animal Sources (Pigs/Cows)
3
Q
Warfarin
A
Anti-coagulant, Vd = 8L, narrow TI <10
4
Q
Lithium
A
Small size 70Da, narrow TI <10
5
Q
mAb
A
Biologics
6
Q
Ibuprofen
A
Chemical synthesis, TI >100, racemic mixture
7
Q
Mannitol
A
Osmotic diuretic; don’t need to bind to receptor to have response
8
Q
Atropine
A
Plant source (Atropa)
9
Q
Cocaine
A
Sodium channel blocker; local anaesthetic
10
Q
Lidocaine
A
Sodium channel blocker; local anaesthetic
11
Q
Verapamil
A
Calcium channel blocker; hypertension, angina, cardiac arrythmias
12
Q
Aspirin
A
Solid Drug (180 Da)
13
Q
Benzodiazepine
A
GABA channel regulator; anti-anxiety, anti-epileptic, sedative-hypnotics
14
Q
α-bungaratoxin
A
Nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist
15
Q
Activated charcoal
A
Chemical antagonists
16
Q
Losartan/Valsartan
A
Angiotensin receptor antagonist; hypertension (less cough), heart failure
17
Q
Antacids
A
Aluminium/Magnesium Hydroxide; don’t need to bind to receptors
18
Q
Aliskiren
A
Renin inhibitor; hypertension
19
Q
Desmopressin
A
Vasopressin receptor (V2) agonist; ADH sensitive diabetes insipidus
20
Q
Conivaptan
A
Vasopressin receptor (non-selective) antagonist; hyponatremia due to SIADH
21
Q
Penicillin ADE
A
Type B event (anaphylaxis)
22
Q
Enalapril/Captopril
A
ACE Inhibitor; hypertension, heart failure
23
Q
NSAIDs ADE
A
Type C event (nephrotoxicity)
24
Q
Corticosteroids ADE
A
Type E event (HPA axis insufficiency crisis)
25
Antihistamines ADE
Type A event (drowsiness)
26
Codeine ADE
Idiosyncratic (flushing, Red Man syndrome)
27
Formoterol
β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist; anti-asthma drug
28
Phenylephrine
α₁ adrenergic receptor agonist; nasal decongestant
29
Steroids immune System Side Effects
Infections: Fungal, viral, bacterial, parasitic
30
Cetirizine
H₁ receptor antagonist; allergy
31
Montelukast
LTD₄ receptor antagonist; anti-asthma drug
32
Fingolimod
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptor agonist; Multiple Sclerosis
33
Hemicholinium
Choline uptake inhibitor
34
Vesamicol
Vesicular ACh transporter inhibitor
35
Botulinum toxin
Prevent ACh release; dystonia, cosmetics
36
Pralidoxime
Reactivates cholinesterase; antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
37
Atropine
Non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist; Antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
38
Bethanechol
Muscarinic receptor agonist (non-selective); Treat urinary retention
39
Pilocarpine
Muscarinic receptor agonist (non-selective); Glaucoma
40
Succinylcholine
Nicotinic receptor agonist (depolarising blocker); initial twitch and persistent depolarisation; anesthesia for rapid endotracheal intubation
41
Pancuronium
Nicotinic receptor competitive antagonist (non-depolarising blocker); Muscle relaxation and paralysis
42
Edrophonium
Cholinesterase inhibitor (short acting); Reversal of neuromuscular block, diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
43
Neostigmine/Pyridostigmine/Physostigmine
Cholinesterase inhibitor (intermediate acting); Reversal of neuromuscular block, treatment of myasthenia
44
Parathion
Cholinesterase inhibitor (long acting); insecticide only
45
Norepinephrine
α/β adrenergic receptor agonist; not used clinically
46
Epinephrine
α/β adrenergic receptor agonist; asthma (emergency treatment), anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest
47
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine side effects
Hypertension, vasoconstriction, tachycardia (or reflex bradycardia), ventricular dysrhythmias
48
Salbutamol
β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist; asthma, premature labour
49
Salbutamol side effects
β₂ receptor agonist --> tachycardia, dysrhythmias, tremor
50
Phenylephrine
α₁ adrenergic receptor agonist; nasal decongestion
51
Phenylephrine Side Effects
α₁ receptor agonist --> hypertension, reflex bradycardia
52
Clonidine
α₁ adrenergic receptor partial agonist; Hypertension, migraine
53
Clonidine Side Effects
α₁ receptor partial agonist --> drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
54
Propranolol
β adrenergic receptor antagonist (non-selective); angina, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma
55
Propranolol Side Effects
β receptor antagonist --> bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure, hypoglycemia, fatigue, depression
56
α-methyl-p-tyrosine
Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor; Pheochromocytoma (NA/ADR secreting tumor of adrenal medulla)
57
Reserpine
Vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitor; Hypertension, mood disorders (schizophrenia)
58
Reserpine Side Effects
VMAT inhibitor --> dizziness, drowsiness, irregular heartbeat, depression
59
Amphetamine
NA release, MAO inhibitor, NET inhibitor, CNS stimulant (indirect acting sympathomimetic); CNS stimulant in narcolepsy, in hyperactive children, appetite suppressant, drug of abuse
60
Amphetamine Side Effects
Hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, dependence, Acute psychosis with overdose
61
Ephedrine
NA release, β agonist, weak CNS stimulant (indirect acting sympathomimetic)
62
Ephedrine Side Effects
hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, dependence
63
Tyramine
NA release (indirect acting sympathomimetic); no clinical uses, present in various foods
64
Cocaine
inhibits reuptake of NA, serotonin, dopamine (NET blocker)
65
Moclobemide
MAO inhibitor; Anti-depressant
66
Cetirizine
H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria
67
Diphenhydramine
H₁ receptor inverse agonist (1st generation)
68
Diphenhydramine Uses
Motion sickness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, insomnia and perioperation (sedation)
69
Fexofenadine
H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria
0% receptor occupancy in CNS
70
Loratadine
H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Allergic reactions: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria
71
Promethazine
H₁ receptor inverse agonist (1st generation); Motion sickness, vertigo, insomnia and perioperation (sedation)
72
Chlorpheniramine
H₁ receptor inverse agonist (2nd generation); Motion sickness, vertigo, insomnia and perioperation (sedation)
73
1st Gen Antihistamines Side Effects
Sedation, decreased alertness, memory; dry mouth/eyes, urinary retention, sinus tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation; postural hypotension, dizziness; weight gain; ventricular arrhythmias; euphoria/hallucinations (drug abuse)
74
Contraindication for 1st gen antihistamines
Patients with glaucoma or prostatic hyperplasia
75
Aspirin
Weakly COX-1 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, blood thinner
76
Celecoxib
COX-2 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
77
Ibuprofen
Weakly COX-1 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
78
Naproxen
Weakly COX-1 selective inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
(half life = 15h)
79
Paracetamol
CNS selective COX (maybe COX-3) inhibitor; Analgesic, Antipyretic, pediatric use
80
Aspirin side effects
Bleeding (blood thinner); aspirin-induced asthma; aspirin-induced Reye's syndrome
81
NSAIDs adverse effects
N&V, gastric upset/ulcers; pseudo-allergic reactions; heart attack/stroke; renal failure, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, H2O retention; dizziness, deafness, tinnitus
82
Prednisone
Cortisone + C=C; inactive prodrug
83
Prednisolone
From Prednisone reduction; Systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
84
Methylprednisolone
Prednisolone + CH3; no mineralocorticoid activity; Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
85
Dexamethasone
Prednisone + F + CH3; no mineralocorticoid activity; Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
Long duration of action (72 hours)
86
Steroids Endocrine/Metabolic Side Effects
Hyperglycemia, moon face, buffalo hump (fat redistribution), muscle wasting, growth retardation, delayed wound healing, skin thinning, bruising, increased appetite/weight gain, Na/Fluid retention, edema
87
Steroids Musculoskeletal Side Effects
Osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, myopathy
88
Steroids Nervous System Side Effects
Mood swing, euphoria, depression, psychosis
89
Steroids Side Effects in Eye
Cataract, glaucoma
90
Steroids GIT Side Effects
GI bleeding
91
Steroids Withdrawal Phenomena
Lethargy, headache, fever, joint pain, HPA insufficiency crisis --> must taper dose gradually
92
Ciclosporin
Calcineurin inhibitor
T-cell selective immunosuppressant, reduces CD4 production of cytokines
93
Ciclosporin Side Effects
Hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, gum hyperplasia
94
Sirolimus
mTOR inhibitor, inhibits IL-2 mediated proliferation of B and T cells (anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic activities)
95
Sirolimus Side Effects
Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, thrombocytopenia
96
Azathioprine
Cytotoxic immunosuppressant, inhibits DNA/RNA/purine synthesis → reduced lymphocyte proliferation
Renal transplant and various autoimmune disorders (as triple therapy)
97
Azathioprine Side Effects
Bone marrow depression: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, GI toxicity, neoplasia
98
Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF)
Cytotoxic immunosuppressant, inhibits enzyme of de novo purine synthesis (selective to T/B-cell)
Selective anti-proliferative effects
Less bone marrow depression as compared to Azathioprine
99
MMF Side Effects
Diarrheoa, neutropenia (viral/fungal infections), anemia, hypertension
100
Fingolimod
Sphingosine 1 P receptor agonist (non-selective)
Multiple Sclerosis
Half-life = 8 days
101
Fingolimod Side Effects
"First-dose" bradycardia/heart block, hypertension, increased liver enzymes, GI upset
102
Polyclonal Antibodies
Polyclonal IgG: horse and rabbit
103
Polyclonal antibodies side effects
"First-dose" cytokine storm: fever/chill/hypotension, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, serum sickness, development of anti-IgG antibodies
104
Monoclonal antibodies
Anti-IL2Rα mAb: induction therapy (immunosuppression during transplantation)
105
Monoclonal Antibodies Side Effects
"First-dose" flu-like syndrome: fever, headache, cytokine storm, anaphylaxis and serum sickness, increased risk of infection
106
Fluticasone
Inhaled corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory effects); 1st line prophylactic asthma therapy; nocturnal asthma
107
ICS Side Effects
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia, cough/throat irritation, easy bruising of skin (elderly), adrenal suppression, cataracts, osteoporosis
108
Formoterol
β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist (bronchodilator) (LABA)
ICS-Formoterol → “rescue reliever” for asthma attacks, long term maintenance of asthma
109
Salbutamol
β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist (bronchodilator) (SABA) If on ICS-LABA maintenance, SABA can be used as “rescue reliever” for asthma attacks
110
β₂ agonist side effects
Fine tremors, muscle cramps, peripheral vasodilation, palpitations and tachycardia, hypokalemia/hyperglycemia
111
Ipratropium bromide
Muscarinic antagonist (SAMA); Adjunct therapy with ICS and β₂ agonists
112
Tiotropium bromide
Muscarinic antagonist (LAMA); COPD and severe asthma
113
114
Montelukast
LTD₄ (leukotriene) receptor antagonist (competitive GPCR antagonist) → anti-inflammatory effects
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma, aspirin-induced asthma, exercise-induced asthma
115
Theophylline
PDE inhibitor, Adenosine receptor inhibitor; Anti-inflammatory effects; adjunct therapy with ICS and β₂ agonists
116
Theophylline Side Effects
GI: N/V, anorexia, abdominal discomfort; CNS: nervousness, tremor, seizures, anxiety, headache; CVS: arrhythmias
117
Anti-IgE mAb
Humanised mAb against IgE, Decreases allergic inflammation, prevents exacerbation of asthma and cures symptoms (severe asthmatics)
118
Anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα mAb
mAb against IL-5 and IL-5 receptor, reduces all eosinophil pathways, severe asthmatics
119
Anti-IL-4Rα mAb
mAb against IL-4 and IL-13 pathways of asthma development, severe asthmatics
120
Anti-TSLP mAb
mAb against Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, severe asthmatics
121
Biologics Drugs for Asthma
Anti-IgE, Anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα, Anti-IL-4Rα, Anti-TSLP
122
Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)
PDE5 inhibitor (cGMP analogue), Erectile dysfunction
(Fast, short duration)
123
Tadalafil
PDE5 inhibitor (cGMP analogue), Erectile dysfunction
(Slow, long duration)
124
Roflumilast
PDE4 inhibitor, Anti-COPD, Anti-asthma
125
Nitroglycerine
Vasodilator (NO), Angina pectoris
126
Nitroprusside
Vasodilator (NO), Hypertensive crisis
