all flashcards
1
Q
(1.1) put these dynasties in chronologival order; sui, han, song, tang
A
han, sui, tang, song
2
Q
(1.1) how did song dyasty use neo confucism to maintain/justify their power?
A
3
Q
(1.1) what did the song dynasty changed about confucianism to make neo-confucianism?
A
things that remained;
- hierachrical society
- filial piety
- civil service exam based bureaucracy
change;
- placed emphasis on moral dev and inner
- incorperated elemnt from tao/buddishm
4
Q
r
(1.1) how did confucicasm impact woman rights in song dynsty
A
cteated strict roles
women=no rights, education, foot binding
5
Q
(1.1) how did song dynasty use imperial bueacracy to maintain their rule? describe what an imperial bureacracy is and why it was effective at maintaing their rule.
A
the imerpial bureacy was basically a system of little working men/officls to make sure citizens were not doing things they weren’t supposed to. they were effective because the men in that system were qualified to do their job. in reality, men of higher social classes mostly took these jobs bc lower class men didnt have time to study AND work. the exams revolved around confucian classics which taught them how to resolve conflicts.
6
Q
(1.1) what is a bueracracy?
A
a system where officials carry out emperor orders
7
Q
(1.1) how did the civil service exam shape officials to do their job properly?
A
the civil service exam revolved around the ideas of concianism. the philosophy emphsized morality, integrity, and social harmony. this exam didnt nessisarly teach them how to enforce rules and be good at acedemics but shaped how they acted, thought, and governed.
8
Q
(1.1) what are the 4 noble truths in buddhism?
A
- life is fuffering
- we suffer bc we crave
- we cease suffering when we cease craving
- eightfold path=helps cease
9
Q
(1.1) what are the two branches of buddhism?
A
theravda and mahayana budd.
10
Q
(1.1) what was the main belief of mahayana bud
A
reaching nirvana as collective beingse
11
Q
(1.1) what was the main belief of thervana?
A
reaching enlightment/nirvana as individuals
12
Q
(1.1) what is the main dif between mahyana and thervada bud?
A
reaching nirvana as indivuals/collectivly
13
Q
(1.1) what led the creation of mayhana and thervada bud?
A
the interactions that occured when it was spreading to other places
14
Q
(1.1) what made song chian’s economy so great?
A
transportation and agrictulral innovations & the commercialization of the economy
- expansion of grand canal (inc communication & trade)
- champa rice
- manufacturers had an exess of goods (porcelin/silk) which meant they could sell those extra goods in markets=$$$
15
Q
(1.1) what innovations helped song china’s pop. explode?
A
the agricultural innovation of champa rice. bc it had a large output, it fed lots of ppl
16
Q
(1.2) what are the 5 pillars of islam
A
confession, pray, charity, fasting during ramadan, and pilgramage to mecca
16
Q
(1.2) what does hiduism center its teachings on
A
brama, cishnu, and shiva who are deities
ppl try to unit with brama by following dharma
17
Q
(1.2) what did islam center its teachings on
A
allah and 5 pillars
18
Q
(1.2) what is the meaning of dar al islam and where does it refer to?
A
- the house of islam
- it basically is places that revolve their civilization around islam
- however, some focused on judism, chrsitianity, and islam
19
Q
(1.2) how did religious principles influence societies where they were practiced? (dar-al-islam)
A
they used the religious principles to shape their society
20
Q
(1.2) during 1200-1450, what was happening to arab muslim empire such as the abbisid caliphate?
who replaced them?
A
- they were fragmenting/breaking apart and while trying to expand their empire and bring diverse ppl together, regional empires like the seljuk turks were brought in to “help”. however, they took advantage & attacked them instad. l bozo
- turkic muslims such as the seljuk turks and mongols. keep in mind, seljuk turks only displaced them a little, mongols ko’ed them
21
Q
(1.2) where was the abbisid caliphate located?
A
baghdad
22
Q
(1.2) when the tge turkic muslim empires took over abbasid caliphate, what were some practiced they continued over?
A
- military was in control of the governemnt
- established sharia law
23
Q
(1.2) what is sharia law?
A
it is a code based on the quaran
24
(1.2) what were some things that muslim scholars nasir din al tusi innovate?
- nasir din al tusi: math, specifically, trig
- preserved greek texts (like plato and aristostle) by translating them to arabic
25
(1.2) what was the house of wisdom?
an intellectual hub in baghdad
26
(1.2) what was the golden age of islam? when was it?
it was a period in islamic history where there were buttloads of advances in sicience, math, art, lit, medicine, and phioloshy
27
(1.2) what were the three different ways muslims tried to expand their rule in afro eurasia?
- millitary expansion
- muslim merchants; established trade networks the connection africa and asia
- muslim missionaries/ sufis traveled to different regions and gained support from ppl to join islam because they assimilated to local traditions and culture but combining with islamic practiics. this made islam more approable and less foregin
28
(1.3) what did the rajput kingdoms consist of?
collection of rival hindu kingdoms
29
(1.2) what reasons resulted in the rapid spread of islam after muhammad xP?
30
(1.2) waht empire did the abbasid emprie take over in baghdad?
umayad caliphate
31
(1.2) when was the abasid empire founded?
during the 13 c.
32
(1.2) what were the core beliefs of chrsitianity?
- monotheism
- concepts of the trinity (the father - creator, jesus - son, holy spirit - god)
- salvation is acheived through repentance of sins, gods grace, and faith in jesus
- love, compasion, forgiveness are key points to their ethics
33
(1.2) what were the core beliefs of islam?
- monotheism (allah)
- muhammad=final prophet in the line of prophets where he recived the quran (islams holy book)
- salvation through 5 pillars of islam
- ressurection/after life
34
(1.2) what were the core beliefs of judism?
- monotheism (yahweh)
- the torah (first 5 books of hebrew bible)
35
(1.2) where was chrsitianity practiced?
36
(1.2) where was judism practiced?
37
(1.2) where was islam practiced?
38
(1.2) how did chrsitianity, judism, and islam impact the areas that it was practiced?
39
(5.9) how did the industrial revolution impact urban areas and society?
- damanged ecological footprint
- inhumane living conditions
- crowded in shitty tenement apt
- disease
- fire
- crimes
- violent slums
40
(5.9) how were the urban area issues stemming from the industrial revolution fixed?
- police, fire department
- building dtandards
- health acts (drinking water, drain, sewer systems)
41
(5.9) how ddid the industrialization impact class strucutres in britain?
working class (labor force) and white collar workers (office workers)
42
(5.9) what was the differences between work life in farms vs factors?
- farmers farmed for landlord & family was close proximity to each otehr
- industialization uses big maachinary which means workers need to go to factory and seperate from family
- machinary=dangerous & workers=over worked
43
(5.9) how did industrailization impact children?
children were forced to do labor at coal mines and facories
- they inhaled dust=health issues
44
(5.9) whats the difference between working class women vs mid class women?
- working class women=women that worked duh
employers liked them bc they could under pay them
- middle class woren were actually more limited bc they were a status symbol for men to show they were rich enough to support
45
(5.9) how did working class women become the role of a housewife, full time employee, and care for their children?
ad's promoted household care products, raise children, and act poliete
46
(5.9) list some env impact from industrailization revolution
- powered by coal, natural gas, and petroleum
- toxic air pollution from smog
- water pollution from waste
dieases
47
(5.9) list some changes that inddsuliation revolution brought
- mass producion (cheaper products, - abundance and assessability increased)
- rurel —> urban
- air and water pollution
- workplace from rurel —> factories
- increased crowding and poverity = - - increased crime
- global inequality
- rival among nations
48
(5.10) what factors played a role to industralized w. euro?
- abundance natural reasources
- transoceanic trate routes
- financial capital
- increased populations
49
(5.10) what recolution occured prior to w euro's industrailization?
scientific rev was the knowledge transfer from west to the islamic world
- it helped invent tools that would be used in industraila rev
50
(5.10) how did the industrail revolution change different countries economies?
- us, russia, and japan = onc production and built railroads
- asian and mid east econmies = decreased manufactring
51
(5.10) why was there an increase of gloval trade in raw materials during industrail era?
there were new sources of raw materials, transportation improvements (steam power &railroads), communecation (telegraph)
- these inventions made the movment of ppl and goods easier and cheaper
52
(5.10) how was the w. euro evonomy impacted by industralizsation?
mercanitlist (tightly regulated trade) —> capitalist system (private companies that invested instead of making money from land had more freedom)
53
(5.10) why did karl max challenge the new capitalist system in w. euro?
because though it provided great wealth, people had short and hard lives were the protetrait were exploited
54
(5.10) how did industrailization impact w. euro social strucutre?
- rurel —> urban/industrail cities
- indsutrail workgin class emerged (inc strikes)
- size & make up of middle class
- professsionals (doc, lawyer) —> bank, factories, etc.)
- social hiearchies (rich owners of indusalial companies that made money from investments overtook aristocracy)
- role of women (no pay for labor —> pay for labor)
55
(5.10) how did the industrial revolution impact politics?
no rights, but ppl advocated for them
- political movements were usually revolved around the mid and working classess (ex. end aristocraic privleges or demand for high wages)
56
(5.10) what was the revolution of 1848?
wanted pluralistic/democratic government (greater freedom of press, parliment to check monarchs power)
57
(5.10) describe how the working class got rights
when mid classes grew, ppl demanded more imput in political decission so they enacted political refrosm for voting
58
(5.10) describe the difference between political reorms in counties were middle classes were large and economically signifacant vs small and unsignifacant
mid class
- big: democracy emerges
- small: dictorship remains
59
(5.10) how did reforms imposed by chancellor otto van bismarck help protect working ppl?
- workers accdient compensation insurance
- unemployment insurence
- old age pensions
60
(5.1) what was the enlightment? what were the main ideals of this moveemnt?
enlightment was a mov that emphasised individualism>community values
emphasized individualism, freedom, self determination, challenged monarchs/church leaders and was the foundation for many revlutions arund the wrld
61
(5.1) why did tranditional relgion reasoning become less pervasive?
bc many thiught that natural laws would = progress by understanding the natural world
62
(5.1) why did ppl think that socialism and liberalism
63
(5.1) what was the "age of isms"?
when socialism and liberalism arose
64
(5.1) why did the clash between new ideas and old political strucutres lead to revolutions during the enlightment per?
bc ppl were trying to gain independece from imperial powers and contstritutional representation
many did it by creating new forms of governemnt out of the concept of nationalism
65
(5.1) what is empiricism? how is related to the enlightment?
a belief that knowledge comes from experiences rather than traditions/relgions.
66
(5.1) who is john locke and thomas hobbes? what arguemtns did they have?
- hobbe believed that social contract meant they would give rights to a strong central gov for law and order
- locke argued social contract meant the right to revolt against unfair gov bs everyone had the right, liberty, and property
- he also argued that everyone had tabula rasa, every child was shaped by env and eucation rather than ansestry
67
(5.1) how was hobbes and locke's arguemtns different
68
(5.1) who were the phiolophes
a group of thinkers and writers that explored social, political, and economic theories in new ways
they made rational concepts populer
69
(5.1) who was baron montesquiu
- phiolosphe
- wrote the spirit of the laws - praised british gov's parliment
- argued of the seperation of powers/decentralization - influenced us gov (executive, legislation, judicaial)
70
(5.1) who is voltaire? what is he best known for?
- advocated for civil liberties from living in england which he brought back to france
- ideas of religious liverty influece us constitution
71
(5.1) who was jean jacques rousseau? what are some of his wroks?
- expanded on the idea of social contract
- emile/on education where he had ideas on child rearing and education
- the social contract (sldjflskdjflskjdf)____
72
(5.1) who was adam smith? what are some of his works? what did he support?
- "the wealth of nations" where he talked abt mercantilism by calling for freeer trade
- supported taxes, gov regulations, laissez faire
73
(5.1) what is laissez faire?
an approach where gov intervenes less with economic decisms
74
(5.1) why did adam smith support laissez?
bc he thought that busnissess and consumers would be guided by an invisable hand to make choices good for the society
75
(5.1) how did adam smith provide a foundation for capitalism?
held that in a wealthy society, when each individual could choose to engage in what type of economic activity, they would have a comparative advantage that would benefit them the most
basically, when the indivial can fufill their needs, the material needs of the whole society would be met
so he emphasized the importnce of free markets, assembly line production methods, and gdp
76
(5.1) what is capitalism?
77
(5.1) what is deism? how does it relate to the enlightment
78
(5.1) who is thomas paine? what are some of his works? what did he advocate for?
- phiolosphe
- "age of reason" he defended deism
- "common sense" advocated liberty from britan
- wrote anti church writings which damaged his reputation
79
(5.1) what were chractersitics of medeval scholaticism?
- reason>faith
- relied on aristotle
- used argumentative writing/debate
- little experimentation
80
(5.1) what were chractersitics of renaissance humanism?
- wrote practivcal oboks
- emphaise huamn acheevemtn
- focused on secularism and individual
81
(5.1) what were chractersitics of scientific rev and enlightment?
- emphasized emiprical data
- belief in natural rights, progesss, and reaosn
- want new constitutions
- support religosu toeration
- wrote for reading public
82
(5.1) what is convervatism?
- belief in trad institutions
-experience>ideological theories
83
(5.1) what is socialism?
84
(5.1) what is utopian socialists
85
(5.1) who is henri de saint simon
86
(5.1) who is charles foutier
87
(5.1) who is robert owen
88
(5.1) what is fabian society
89
(5.1) who is mary wollstonecraft?
90
(5.1) who is theodor herzl?
91
(5.1)who is drefus affar
92
(5.1) what is anti semitic?
93
(5.1) what is abolitionism?
94
(6.5) who was the main supp;ier of cotton textiles?
india
95
(6.5) how did power of raw material shift from asia/latin america to the british and us?
industrail revolution bc it inc the need for raw materials. us and british colonized asia and latin america which made them in control of natural reasouces
96
(6.5) what is economic imperialism? how does it connect to exporting?
foregin busniess intersts have great econmoic power and influence by taking advantage of reasrouces outside boarders. it connects bc they export reasrouces to sell to colonies
97
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in india
- e india comp fored in 1600 for spice trade and they were flourishing due to cotton and silk textiles.
however, indians learned how to weave fabris and cater to euro tastes so after the indus rev, demand dec
98
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in ditch east indis
99
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in spheres of influence
100
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in china
101
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in egypt
102
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in kenya
103
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in gold coast
104
(6.5) result of opium war?
both sides were unahppy about the treaty of nanking so another opinum war started but this time, french was involved as well
105
(6.5) describe how countries felt about slavery staring 1800s
they finally started to have morality to oppose slavery use
106
(6.5) describe economic imperialism in latin america
euro and us attacked them bc they were greedy for raw materials, low wage labor, and new markets for goods
107
(6.5) explain the role of us in latin americas urbanization
the us invested heaviy in mexica and cuba in infrastrucutre and industry (railways, shipping, emerging finacial sectors)
108
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