all general knowledge Flashcards
(189 cards)
1
Q
styles characterized by linear forms and open space
A
japanese
2
Q
floral design period of which is little known
A
middle ages
3
Q
designs of what period were masses of flowers with no focal point and poor proportion
A
Victorian
4
Q
styles used to decorate Buddhist temples
A
Chinese
5
Q
what are the 4 groups that plant material is classified into based on form and shape
A
line
mass
form
filler
6
Q
focal point is
A
the area of a design that attracts the eye
7
Q
nesting
A
the pricing method that is used when a collection of goods are sold at a single price
8
Q
arrangements consisting of many flowers in geometric forms
A
mass
9
Q
when ordering wholesale flowers one should consider
A
availability
keeping quality
price
10
Q
distribution of visual weight
A
balance
11
Q
focal point of a design is usually
A
in the lower center
12
Q
2 ancient styles of floral arranging
A
oriental and asian
13
Q
texture of a carnation
A
coarse
14
Q
proper temp to store roses and carnations
A
45-50 F
15
Q
foliages below the water line should be removed to
A
keep leaves from decaying which makes the water go bad faster
prevent photosynthesis
prevent leaves from using stored food in the stem
16
Q
preservatives
A
acidify water
reduce bacteria growth
food source
17
Q
size of a container is determined by
A
size of flowers
place where arrangement is to be placed
shape of design
18
Q
florist wire
A
support stem
prevent flower heads from breaking off
hold flowers and foliage in place
19
Q
accent
A
distinct texture
odd item
unique color
20
Q
to extend the life of a cut flower one should
A
choose decent material
21
Q
wetting agents improve
A
flowers ability to take up water
22
Q
process of finding new customers
A
prospecting
23
Q
telephone messages should include
A
name of person being called
date, time of call, your name
action to be taken
24
Q
cool calling
A
calling of prospects that fit a certain criteria of type and size of business
25
market situation in a market analysis
product descriptions
existing competition
info about supply and demand
26
objective of market analysis
develop a marketing plan
27
potential customer profile
characteristics of potential buyers
28
four areas of an action plan
product
price
place
promotion
29
research in developing market plans is
careful and diligent study to gain knowledge about a market
30
what are 3 of the 5 questions a display should answer
what is the product
how much does it cost
is it worth it
31
a display should not sell on
price
32
what are 3 of the 6 major display arrangements
wedge
repetition
radiation
33
before setting up a display
a drawing or sketch should be made
34
what are 3 of the main steps to developing a display plan
establish a theme
determine product or service to be featured
select the display arrangement
35
most important factor of your continued success in the sales field
selling skills you develop
36
part of a classic advertisement that supplies the customer with facts and info about the product
body copy
37
do prices always need to be indicated in an arrangement
no
38
a P.O.P sign
point of purchase
39
acceleration of flowering by manipulation of environmental conditions
forcing
40
a good growing medium does what
provide for storage of water
provide storage capacity for nutrients
support the plant
41
most important environmental factor in orchid culture
watering and water quality
42
genus and species name for carnation
Dianthus caryophyllus
43
most important greenhouse pest
two-spotted spider mite
44
fungus gnat damage to potted plants is caused by the
larval stage
45
mass marketing is the sale of floral products in
supermarkets
high-traffic locations
large discount stores
46
costs associated with making an arrangement, decorating a blooming plant, or creating wedding flowers are called:
direct costs
47
grouping of closely spaced flowers, net, and accessories in a hand-held floral arrangement
nosegay
48
optimum pH for azaleas
4.5-5.5
49
most popular mechanic item used to support arrangements
floral foam
50
provides aeration in the root media
perlite
51
when seedlings grown indoors are moved outdoors, they must be-- to be able to survive in the new environment
hardened off
52
red, pink or white portion of a poinsettia
bracts
53
hydrometer measures
humidity
54
summer-blooming perennials that produce dense, bristly balls of blue
globe thistle
55
most commonly used design for all purpose vase arrangements and baskets
symmetrical triangle
56
process used to produce well-branched, compact plants with many flowers
pinching
57
genus and species name for Amaryllis
Hippeastrub vittatum
58
plant that lives more than 2 years
perennial
59
best kind of soil to plant most flowers in
loam
60
best time to water flowering plants
morning
61
best time to thin outdoor plants
when they have 2 sets of leaves
62
how many essential nutrients are essential to plant growth and reproduction
seventeen
63
tiny pests that can wreck havoc on flowering plants
red spider mites
64
best temp for poinsettia growth
60-80 F
65
type of rose that has multiple large flowers on a single stem
floribundas
66
florists' gloxinia and African violet are members of which plant family
Gensneriaceae
67
most indoor foliage plants need which kind of lighting
bright, indirect light
68
floral presevatives
provide sugar
supply bactericide
acidify solution
69
ethylene test is routinely used to separate shattering from non shattering cultivars of
snapdragons
70
cut branches of evergreen 20-30 in long are called
boughs
71
specialty cut flowers are defined as
cut flowers other than roses, carnations, and mums
72
upper leaves, which show inter veinal chlorosis probably suffer from
an iron deficiency
73
powerful and specific inhibitor of ethylene action which delays flower senescence is
silver
74
most epiphytic orchids can be grown in
tree fern-redwood chips
osmunda fiber
fir bark
75
unit of heat measurement used in the green house industry
Btu
76
principle of total compatibility of all parts in an arrangement
harmony
77
element essential for strong stems, and roots, and deep flower color. deficiency in plants shows up as weak stems and yellowing and browning leaves at tips and edges
potassium
78
abbreviation for the mathematical difference btw the day temp and night temp
DIF
79
name 3 plants suitable for pressing
dusty miller
pansies
african violets
80
3 questions a floral designer should ask when designing arrangements for a specific room
size
ceiling height
# tables
81
what factors are involved in seed germination
oxygen
water
temp
light
82
what type of water supply do cut flowers need to transport food and to keep the stems stiff
constant water supply
83
what are the 3 basic types of pots used in the greenhouse industry
standard pot
bulb pot or pan
Azalea pot
84
a correct way to remove mealy bugs from a plant
dab each bug with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol
85
what are 3 guidelines in color commonly followed in floral arranging
repeat colors throughout design
darker colors go deeper and lower in the arrangement
never allow one color to dominate
86
macronutrients are the -- nutrients that are needed in-- amounts
major
| larger
87
the soil pH level primarily controls
availability of essential plant nutrients
88
damping off
a common fungal disease in germinating seeds and seedlings
89
recommended pH for fresh flowers in solution
3-4.5
90
the flower and leaves of a rose are mottled and streaked with silver, and dusty black droppings have collected. This damage is indicative of:
thrips
91
costs associated with making an arrangement, decorating a blooming plant, or creating wedding flowers are called:
direct costs
92
this fungus attacks a wide variety of ornamental plants, probably causing more losses than any other single pathogen
Botrytis cinerea
93
to obtain blue flowers on hydrangeas, the pH of the growth media should be:
5-5.5
94
name 3 bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants
Dahlias
Dutch Iris
Caladiums
95
what are the 3 primary ways that heat is lost in a greenhouse
air leakage
conduction
radiation
96
a more expensive decorative container into which a potted plant can be set is a:
Jardiniere
97
component of greenhouse root media consisting of siliceous volcanic rock, crushed and heated to 1800 F is:
perlite
98
a dried branch, bleach by the sun used in decorations is called
Manzanita
99
a potpourri corsage can be made from:
a few small blossoms and assorted foliage
100
minimum temp for poinsettia growth
60 F
101
2 most useful florist tools
sharp knife an floral shears
102
good alternative for perlite
sand
103
bullheads are distorted flowers characterized by shorter petals, which give the rose a
flattened appearance
104
majority of florist businesses are conducted in one location and annual grass sales are generally under
250,000
105
a common flaw in establishing the area of emphasis is to
crowd the flowers
106
Cycocel
the most commonly used growth retardant
107
Gibberellic acid
growth regulator that increases the flower size of a geranium and accelerates flowering in a cyclamen
108
what is a Dianthus caryophyllus
carnation
109
would a full couch spray arrangement be suitable for a wedding
no
110
what are 3 things that direct mail forms include
seed mailers
coupons
survey cards
111
Firbark
the most popular orchid potting material
112
excessively short stems in tulips planted outdoors are due to
warm spring temps and lack of winter cooling
113
what are 2 advantages to having a container garden
you can enjoy plants where a dirt garden is impossible
| plants can be spotlighted via their placement
114
upper leaves which show inter veinal chlorosis probably suffer from
iron deficiency
115
Marigold seed which fails to emerge, or seedlings which die soon after emerging from wet soil are the result of
damping off
116
pricing method based on 40% of retail selling price
wholesale pricing
117
genus and species name for Amaryllis
Hippeastrum vittatum
118
most common summer cooling system in greenhouses
fan-and-pad evaporative cooling
119
when grown at a min temp of 60 F for a year-round flower production, hybrid mums are
short-day plants
120
irregularly shaped stones, or broken pieces of pottery in the bottom of a pot do what?
help the soil drain after being watered
121
Hosta, lobelia, columbine, bleeding heart are all what?
shade-tolerant perennials
122
plants need which part of the visible spectrum for good foliage development
all of the visible spectrum
123
sign that potted plants need to be repotted
new leaves smaller than older ones
124
hue with white added
tint
125
light energy, carbon dioxide and water enter into the process of photosynthesis through which
carbohydrates are formed
126
Cycocel
growth regulator often used on poinsettia crops to control height
127
most important environmental factor regulating flower initiation in bulbous species
temperature
128
pasteurization of root media at 180 F would
kill most plant viruses, weed seed, and pathogenic fungi
129
technique used to make a small cluster of filler flowers for use in corsages and wedding bouquets
group method
130
widespread fungal disease which attacks weak flowers and foliage and found on most dead plant tissue
```
Botrytis cinerea
(or gray mold)
```
131
common fault in arranging flowers and foliage that includes the facing of all flower in aprox the same direction
flower pointing
132
pinching
using your thumb and forefinger to remove the young tip growth of a stem
133
horticulture
the culture of plants for food, comfort and beauty
134
without a day-night fluctuation of 10 to 15 F, orchids may
refuse to flower
135
best way to design a border
shortest plants in front, medium plants in middle, tallest plants in back
136
most important thing to do for bulbs to produce flowers during succeeding years
grow a good crop of foliage
137
colonial nosegays are constructed in a -- form
circular
138
pesticides are
chemical materials used to kill pests such as weeds, insects, and diseases
139
what areas are in landscape horticulture
all areas that deal with the production and use of plants to make our outdoor environment more appealing
140
what are the 3 phases of development a plant passes though in its life cycle
dormancy
reproductive
vegetative
141
major components in the photosynthesis process
carbon dioxide
water
light
chlorophyll
142
purpose of plant propagation
to produce new and better breeds of plants at a fast rate
143
what is the percent germination and how can one determine it
the percentage of seed that will sprout and grow
| can be determined by placing a sample of seeds in a favorable growing environment and noting how many sprout
144
how hot should the water be in flower buckets
106-115 F
145
when did plastic flowers first become popular in the US
1950s
146
florists usually create a symmetrical-triangular style for what occasions
formal ceremonies
147
what is floral production
the growing of flowering or foliage crops to sale size or maturity
148
major parts of a plant
roots, flowers, stems and leaves
149
what does the xylem or 'conductive tissue" do for a plant
transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
150
top 5 flower producing states
cali, florida, hawaii, colorado, Pennsylvania
151
3 factors important when considering water quality for fresh flowers
pH, hardness or softness, salinity
152
ridge and furrow greenhouses at all latitudes should be oriented
north to south
153
a greenhouse producer of young seedlings for shipping for finishing by others is referred to as a
plug producer
154
the growing point of most dicots is best described as the
apical meristem
155
major problem in standard carnation producing resulting in asymmetrical flowers is
Calyx splitting
156
most cut roses in the US are produced in
South America
157
when foliage plants have stunted buds, flowers and new growth and a when sticky fluid provides medium for growth of sooty mold and attracts ants, your plants are being attacked by:
aphids
158
```
which of the following grows as a herbaceous perennial in CT
Begonia
Apple
Geranium
Bleeding Heart
Impatiens
```
Bleeding Hearts
159
in addition to N, P, and K what are three additional macroelements
Calcium, magnesium, sulfur
160
to produce flowering mums in July, plants must be
shaded for 8 hours
161
chronic wilting and discolored vascular tissue are symptoms often associated with
virus infection
162
DIF refers to the difference between
night temp and day temp
163
Pesticide 'A' has a ID 50 (?) of 2.5 and pesticide 'B' has a ID 50 of 11,200. Which is more toxic?
pesticide 'A'
164
Pesticide ID50's are generally given for
oral and dermal exposure
165
lowering the average daily temp once a lily crop reaches the visible bud stage will:
reduce the rate of flower bud development
166
Plugs are popular because they
look good
facilitate transplanting
show less stress following transplant
167
water and minerals travel up this part of the plant stem
xylem
168
the term 'cultivar' means
a cultivated variety
169
4 examples of 'cool' growing crops
snapdragons
cyclamen
calceolaria
cineraria
170
if the night period is 8 hours long and the day period is 16 hours long, what is the average daily temp when a 60F night/ 78F day temp regime is used
72 F
171
name 4 parts of a leaf
petiole
stomata
peduncle
cuticle
172
what are the elements essential to plant growth
idk look it up
173
specific pesticide storage info can be found:
on the pesticide label
| on the MSDS
174
damping-off can kill seedling when?
before & after emergence
175
MSDS refers to
material safety data sheets
176
in storage, pesticides can undergo chemical breakdown or loss of effectiveness due to:
high temps
sun light
low temps
high humidity
177
waters with high ph levels have high
alkalinity
178
the hardening-off process uses -- to acclimate tender plants to outdoor conditions
stress
179
plant height can be controlled by
withholding water
withholding phosphorus
plant growth regulators
temp manipulation
180
integrated pest management requires
knowledge of insect life cycles
181
drainage can be increased by
placing 2 in of gravel in the bottom of a pot
182
direct costs include
cost of pots, seed and mix
183
plug storage involves:
holding plants which are ready to transplant at low temps for periods lasting as long as 10 weeks
184
if a 5-12-26 fertilizer is mixed with a 15-0-0 at a 1:1 ratio the resulting formulation will be a:
10-6-13
185
the Ladyslipper orchid is a common name applied to members of the genus
Cymbidium
186
elargonium x hortorum, Pelargonium domesticum and Pelargonium Pefltatum are species of
geranium
187
Aerated steam is used to eliminate -- from soil
weed seeds
fungal organisms
insect pests
bacterial organisms
188
what are 4 methods used for cooling greenhouses
evaporative pads
ridge vents
exhaust fans
horizontal air flow
189
Botrytis is a common problem when water vapor condenses on leaf surfaces at night. To prevent this problem growers should:
leave ridge vents open at night
