all lower limb special tests

Question 1

Stork test

Answer 1

PARS defect (spine)

Question 2

description of stork

Answer 2

stand behind with your hands on clients shoulders
client stands on one leg
guide into lumbar extension
add forwards lumbar rotation towards standing leg
add side flexion

Question 3

Positive stork test

Answer 3

unilateral pain

localised to particular section may indicate pars interarticularis stress fracture

Question 4

Active SLR

Answer 4

Sacroiliac joint instability

Question 5

Description of SLR

Answer 5

supine
actively raises bad leg keep knee straight
pain provoked if SIK instability
add iliac compression using both hands pressing inward
repeat leg raise

Question 6

positive SLR

Answer 6

if symptoms reduced following compression = positive test

Question 7

Fabers test

Answer 7

Sacroiliac joint instability

Question 8

Description of Fabers

Answer 8

supine 
unaffected leg extended 
bad leg-hip and knee flexed 
hip abducted and internally rotated 
ankle rest below knee
further stress applied by downward pressure of the knee

Question 9

positive fabers

Answer 9

SIJ symptoms reproduced

Question 10

Thomas

Answer 10

Hip flexor highness

Question 11

Description of Thomas test

Answer 11

sits on edge of bed
hold good knee to chest and roll back onto bed
place foot on my hip
keep lumbar spine flat to distinguish Iliopsoas and rec fem tightness
flex knee

Question 12

Positive thomas

Answer 12

tightness in olio-psoas if leg slightly off bed

can’t flex knee =rec fem

Question 13

Obers test

Answer 13

TFL and ITB tightness

Question 14

Description of Obers

Answer 14

Client on side
downward pressure to llium
flex knee while cradling leg and holding knee
passively extend hip until ITB passes over greater trochanter
allow leg to adduct

Question 15

Positive obers

Answer 15

hip remains abducted =TFL and ITB tightness

Question 16

Trendelenburg

Answer 16

Glute medium weakness

Question 17

Description of Trendelenburg

Answer 17

stand behind
client raises one leg
observe hip

Question 18

positive Trendelenburg

Answer 18

hip on raised leg lower than supported =positive test

Question 19

Thompson squeeze test

Answer 19

chillies tendon tear

Question 20

description of thompson

Answer 20

prone with feet off bed
squeeze fleshy part of calf
should see plantar flexion

Question 21

positive thompson

Answer 21

no movement of foot

Question 22

Anterior drawer

Answer 22

ATFL tear

Question 23

description of Anterior drawer

Answer 23

supine
foot plantar flexed 20 
hold ankle in one hand 
stabilise leg with other
pull foot forwards

Question 24

positive anterior drawer

Answer 24

pain, excessive movement =tear

Question 25

talar tilt inversion

Answer 25

Calcano-fibular + ATFL

Question 26

description of taller tilt inversion

Answer 26

supine feet and ankles off bed hold above ankle hold heel and talus and pull inwards

Question 27

positive talar tilt inversion

Answer 27

gapping or no end feel

Question 28

talar tila eversion

Answer 28

deltoid ligament

Question 29

description of taller tilt eversion

Answer 29

supine feet and ankles off bed hold above ankle hold heel and talus and push outwards

Question 30

positive talar tilt eversion

Answer 30

gapping / no end feel

Question 31

tibia-fibular syndesmosis

Answer 31

high ankle sprain

Question 32

description of tibia-fibular syndesmosis

Answer 32

stand on bad leg hold malleoli between finger and thumb client lunges can be repeated squeezing just above the ankle acting as interosseous membrane

Question 33

positive tibia-fibular syndesmosis

Answer 33

pain palpable widening increased ROM, and decrease pain when squeezing above the ankle

Question 34

anterior drawer

Answer 34

ACL

Question 35

Description of Anterior drawer

Answer 35

``` suing bend knee 80 sit on foot cup behind knee pull forward ```

Question 36

postive anterior drawer

Answer 36

soft / no end point = rupture of ACL

Question 37

Posterior drawer

Answer 37

PCL

Question 38

description of posterior drawer

Answer 38

supine bend knee 80 sit on foot aply backward pressure

Question 39

positive posterior drawer

Answer 39

soft / no end point = rupture of PCL

Question 40

Lachmans

Answer 40

ACL

Question 41

description of lachmans

Answer 41

``` supine knee under clients one hand above patella thumb and finger palpating joint lines rip leg under knee and pull forward ```

Question 42

posterior sag

Answer 42

PCL

Question 43

description of posterior sag

Answer 43

supine hip and knee flexed to 90 support ankles with arm knees viewed from side

Question 44

positive posterior sag

Answer 44

posterior displacement of tibial tuberosity on affected leg

Question 45

McMurrays

Answer 45

meniscus

Question 46

description of McMurrays

Answer 46

(twisty leg) medial - supine, grip heel with sole of foot on palm flex hip and knee with slight varus stress slowly extend knee while externally rotating lateral flex knee with values stress extend knee and medley rotate

Question 47

Thessalys

Answer 47

meniscus

Question 48

description of theslys

Answer 48

face client stand on affected leg slight bend in knee rotate medley and laterally across body

Question 49

Valgus stress

Answer 49

MCL

Question 50

description of Valgus stress

Answer 50

``` supine legs supported by knee cradles leg between hip and arm palpate medial joint line stress medial aspect of knee ```

Question 51

positive valgus stress

Answer 51

absence of end feel

Question 52

Varus stress test

Answer 52

LCL

Question 53

description of Varus stress

Answer 53

``` supine legs supported by knee cradles leg between hip and arm palpate lateral joint line stress later aspect of knee ```

Question 54

positive varus test

Answer 54

no end feel