all-nighter physics unit 1

Question 1

describe the kinetic particle model of matter

Answer 1

all matter is made of particles that are in constant, random motion

Question 2

what is thermal energy?

Answer 2

thermal energy is the internal energy present in a system due to its temperature

Question 3

what is temperature?

Answer 3

temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Question 4

what is kinetic energy?

Answer 4

kinetic energy is energy due to movement of particles

Question 5

what is heat?

Answer 5

heat is the energy transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature

Question 6

what is internal energy?

Answer 6

internal energy is the sum of all energies in a system

Question 7

what are the three ways heat can be transferred?

Answer 7

conduction, convection, and radiation

Question 8

what is conduction?

Answer 8

conduction is the transfer of heat through contact

Question 9

what is convection?

Answer 9

convection is the transfer of heat through movement of fluid

Question 10

what is radiation?

Answer 10

radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

Question 11

how do you convert from kelvin to celsius?

Answer 11

temp in k = temp in c + 273

Question 12

what causes changes in temperature?

Answer 12

causes in temperature are caused by the addition or removal of energy from a system

Question 13

what is specific heat capacity?

Answer 13

the specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in temperature

Question 14

what is specific latent heat?

Answer 14

Specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to change the state of one unit of a substance without changing its temperature

Question 15

why does the temperature of a system remain constant after a phase change?

Answer 15

the temperature of a system remains constant because the added energy is used to overcome intermolecular forces, not to increase the kinetic energy/ temperature of the molecules

Question 16

what is thermal equilibrium?

Answer 16

thermal equilibrium is the situation when there is no net exchange of thermal energy between any components of a system

Question 17

explain the process in which thermal energy is transferred for systems to reach thermal equilibrium

Answer 17

this process is driven by the temperature difference between the systems, with heat moving from the hotter system to the colder

Question 18

why does a system with thermal energy have the capacity to do mechanical work?

Answer 18

a system with thermal energy has the capacity work to do mechanical work because it can be converted into work through a device that exploits temperature differences

Question 19

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 19

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed

Question 20

what is the change in internal energy equal to?

Answer 20

the change in internal energy is equal to the energy added or removed by heating plus the work done on or by the system

Question 21

what is the law of conservation of electric charge?

Answer 21

the law of conservation of electric charge is that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant

Question 22

what is electrical potential difference?

Answer 22

electrical potential difference is the difference in electric potential energy between two points

Question 23

why does electric charge separation produce an electrical potential difference?

Answer 23

electric charge separation produces an electrical potential difference because work has to be done to overcome the attractive force between charges

Question 24

what is resistance?

Answer 24

resistance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of current in an electrical circuit

Question 25

what is an ohmic resistor?

Answer 25

an ohmic resistor is a resistor that obeys ohm's law, where resistance is constant regardless of applied voltage or current

Question 26

what is a non-ohmic resistor?

Answer 26

a non-ohmic resistor is a resistor that does not obey ohm's law, so its resistance can change depending on factors like voltage

Question 27

what does the slope of a current over voltage graph represent?

Answer 27

the slope of a current-voltage graph represents the inverse of the resistance of a circuit

Question 28

what does the slope of a voltage-current graph represent?

Answer 28

the slope of a voltage over current graph represents the the resistance of a circuit

Question 28

what is power dissipation?

Answer 28

power dissipation is a measure of the rate at which energy is lost from an electrical system

Question 29

what is a simple series circuit?

Answer 29

a simple series circuit is an electrical circuit where all components are connected end-to-end along a single path, creating a closed loop for current flow

Question 30

what is a series/parallel circuit?

Answer 30

a series/parallel circuit combines both series and parallel circuit connections in a single circuit

Question 31

what is a parallel circuit?

Answer 31

a parallel circuit is an electrical circuit where multiple paths exist for the current to flow

Question 32

what is kirchoff's current law?

Answer 32

kirchoff's current law states that the sum of currents entering a junction in a circuit equals the sum of currents leaving that junction

Question 33

what is kirchoff's voltage law?

Answer 33

kirchoff's voltage law states that the sum of voltage drops around any closed loop in a circuit equals the sum of voltage increases

Question 34

how does voltage behave in parallel?

Answer 34

in parallel, the voltage across all components it the same and equal to the voltage of the power source

Question 35

how does current behave in parallel?

Answer 35

in parallel, total current is the sum of the individual branch currents