All - Nutrients and Enzymes

Question 1

Define nutrient

Answer 1

Any substance that has a useful function when taken into your body

Question 2

3 kinds of NUTRIENTS used by your body.

Answer 2

Macro nutrients
micro nutrients
special nutrient

Question 3

What are four macronutrients (CLPN)

Answer 3

Carbohydrates,
Lipids,
proteins,
nucleic acids

Question 4

What are two micro nutrients?

Answer 4

Vitamins and minerals

Question 5

What is an essential nutrient?

Answer 5

Nutrient taken in through diet

Question 6

What is a necessary nutrient

Answer 6

Nutrients the body can can supply if they’re lacking in the diet

Question 7

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Cn(H2O)n

Question 8

What are two types of carbohydrates

Answer 8

Simple and complex

Question 9

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 9

Single sugars(C6H12O6)

Question 10

What are the three types of monosaccharides?

Answer 10

Glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 11

What are disaccharides

Answer 11

Double sugars(C12H22O11)

Question 12

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 12

I combine into simple sugars(glucose always being one of them)

Question 13

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

Complex carbohydrates(Cn(H2O)n)

Question 14

What are the three types of polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Starch
glycogen
cellulose

Question 15

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 15

Control chemical reactions in the body

Question 16

What is the function of hormones?

Answer 16

Chemical messengers within the body

Question 17

What is the function of the structure?

Answer 17

Make skin muscle bone hair

Question 18

Is a lipid soluble or insoluble in water.

Answer 18

Insoluble

Question 19

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 19

Provide twice as much energy/gram as carbohydrates

Question 20

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 20

Fats
Oils

Question 21

What are phospholipids

Answer 21

Composed of a glycerol and two fatty acid chains, as well as one phosphate group

Question 22

What are sterols

Answer 22

Carbon atoms linked into complex ring structures( cholesterol is a type of sterol)

Question 23

What do waxes do?

Answer 23

Protective coating, protect eardrum

Question 24

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 24

DNA and RDA

Question 25

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 25

Links, smaller, subunits together into larger molecule(while removing a water molecule)

Question 26

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 26

When you split macromolecules into subunits by addition of water(digestion)

Question 27

2 examples of dissacrhdies

Answer 27

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 28

Benefit of low carb diet

Answer 28

Weight loss and reduction in processed carbs

Question 29

Risk of low carb diets

Answer 29

Constipation, nutritional deficiencies, risk of heart disease

Question 30

What are protiens made of

Answer 30

Long chains of amino acids

Question 31

How many amino acids are there and how many are essential

Answer 31

20 and 9 are essential must be obtained though diet

Question 32

What is denaturation

Answer 32

Process of permantly changing a proteins 3d shape which relusts in the protien losinh it’s funtion

Question 33

Four groups of lipids

Answer 33

Triglycerides phospholipids sterols waxes

Question 34

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 34

Saturated: solid ar room temp Unsaturated: liquid at room temp

Question 35

What are functions of nucleic acids

Answer 35

Direct growth and development through a chemical code and are Invlovled in protien synthesis

Question 36

Glucose + glucose =

Answer 36

Maltose

Question 37

Glucose + fructose =

Answer 37

Sucrose

Question 38

Glucose + galactose =

Answer 38

Lactose

Question 39

Types of polysaccharides

Answer 39

S( starch) G( glycogen) C(cellulose)

Question 40

What do enzymes do in terms of chemical reactions?

Answer 40

Catalyze reactions without being used up

Question 41

How many reactions does one enzyme catalyze?

Answer 41

1

Question 42

Lock and key enzyme model

Answer 42

Enzyme has specifically shaped site that only fits one substraight

Question 43

Induced fit model

Answer 43

Active site changes slightly when substrate binds Enzyme returns to original shape when product released

Question 44

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 44

PH, temperature, substrate concentration, competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition,(PTSCN)

Question 45

Ideal temperature for enzymes in humans

Answer 45

37°C

Question 46

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

Answer 46

Changes in pH can change structure of enzyme(denature)

Question 47

How does competitive inhibition affect enzymes

Answer 47

Molecules with similar shape may bind in the active site(blocks activity site)