All of session

Question 1

Which bones are contributing to the walls of the orbit?

Answer 1

Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Frontal
Maxilla
Sphenoid

Question 2

Which wall of the orbit is most prone to fracture following a blow to the eye?

Answer 2

Medial wall (made up of ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal, sphenoid bones)

Question 3

Which bones of the skull are each paranasal sinuses located?

Answer 3

4 x paired sinuses

Maxillary
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

Question 4

The sella turcica is surrounded by which structures?

Answer 4

Anterior and posterior clinoid processes

Question 5

Where do the clinioid processes arise from?

Answer 5

Anterior: sphenoidal lesser wing
Posterior: superolateral projections of the dorsum sellae

Question 6

What are the purpose of the clinoid processes?

Answer 6

Attachment points for tentorium cerebelli

Question 7

Which parts of the brain would sit in each cranial fossae?

Answer 7

Anterior: anteriorinferior portion of frontal lobes
Middle: Temporal lobes (pituitary gland)
Posterior: Brainstem (medulla and pons) and cerebellum

Question 8

In which ways are the foetal skulls different from adult skulls? Why?

Answer 8

6 fontanelles
Smaller facial portion
Ossification hasn't occurred yet
2 x frontal bones
2 x parietal bone
2 x temporal bones
1 x occipital bone

Malleable for growing brain and for child birth

Question 9

Which foramen does the middle meningeal artery pass through?

Answer 9

Foramen spinosum

Question 10

Which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass through?

Answer 10

Carotid canal

Question 11

Which foramen does the vertebral artery pass through?

Answer 11

Foramen magnum

Question 12

Which foramen does the internal jugular vein pass through?

Answer 12

Jugular foramen

Question 13

Which foramen does the olfactory nerve (CNI) pass through?

Answer 13

Cribiform plate

Question 14

What passes through the optic canal?

Answer 14

Optic nerve (CNII)
Opthalmic artery

Question 15

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
Trochlear nerve (CNIV)
Abducens nerve (CNVI)
Opthalmic nerve of trigeminal (CNV1)

Question 16

What passes through foramen rotundum?

Answer 16

Maxillary division of trigeminal (CNV2)

Question 17

What passes through foramen ovale?

Answer 17

Mandibular division of trigeminal (CNV3)

Question 18

What passes through foramen spinosum?

Answer 18

Middle meningeal artery

Question 19

What passes through the internal acoustic canal?

Answer 19

Facial nerve (CNVII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)
Labyrinthe artery

Within the petrous part of temporal bone

Question 20

What passes through the jugular foramen?

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
Vagus nerve (CNX)
Spinal accessory (CNXI)
Internal jugular vein

Question 21

Which nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 21

Facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 22

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 22

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

Question 23

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 23

Brain stem
Vertebral arteries
Dura
Spinal cord
Roots of spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

Question 24

How does the opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (CNV1) exit the skull?

Answer 24

Supraorbital notch/foramen

is this correct?

Question 25

How does the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (CNV2) exit the skull?

Answer 25

Infraorbital foramen

Question 26

How does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3) exit the skull?

Answer 26

Mental foramen

Question 27

What structure passes along the superior surface of the foramen lacerum but doesn't traverse it?

Answer 27

Internal carotid artery

Question 28

What is the general function of the olfactory nerve (CNI)?

Answer 28

Smell (SVS)

Question 29

What is the general function of the optic nerve (CNII)?

Answer 29

Vision (SSS)

Question 30

What is the general function of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII)?

Answer 30

- 4 eye muscles (SR,MR,IR,IO) (GSM) - Levator palpebrae superioris (GSM) - pupillary sphincter (GVM)

Question 31

What is the function of trochlear nerve (CNIV)?

Answer 31

Superior oblique muscle (GSM)

Question 32

What is the function of trigeminal nerve (CNV)?

Answer 32

CNV1: scalp, forehead, nose (GSS) CNV2: cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth, palate (GSS) CNV3: - anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over mandible, lower teeth (GSS) - muscles of mastication (SVM)

Question 33

What is the function of abducens nerve (CNVI)?

Answer 33

Lateral rectus (GSM)

Question 34

What is the function of facial nerve (CNVII)?

Answer 34

- sensation to part of ext ear (GSS) - taste from ant 2/3, hard palate, soft palate (SVS) - muscles of facial expression (GSM) - lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands, mucous glands of mouth and nose (GVM)

Question 35

What is the function of vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)?

Answer 35

Hearing and balance

Question 36

What is the function of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)?

Answer 36

- post 1/3 of tongue, ext ear, middle ear cavity (GSS) - carotid body and sinus (GVS) - taste post 1/3 of tongue (SVS) - parotid gland (GVM) - stylopharyngeus (SVM)

Question 37

What is the function of the vagus nerve (CNX)?

Answer 37

- ext ear, larynx, pharynx (GSS) - layrnx, pharynx, thoracic, abdo viscera (GVS) - taste of epiglottis region of tongue (SVS) - smooth muscle of pharynx, larynx and most of GIT (GVM) - most of muscles of pharynx and larynx (SVM)

Question 38

What is the function of the accessory muscle (CNXI)?

Answer 38

- Trapezius and SCM (GSM) | - few fibres run with CNX to viscera

Question 39

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)?

Answer 39

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)