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ALL OF THE DAMN VIRUSES Flashcards

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1
Q

What disease is caused by measles?

A

…measles

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2
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of measles?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family: paramyxovirus
genome: (-)ssRNA
virion: enveloped
incubation: medium
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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3
Q

What are the diseases caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

A
  • croup
  • bronchitis
  • respiratory tract infections
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4
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family: paramyxovirus
genome: (-)ssRNA
virion: enveloped
incubation: short
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: inhalation of aerosols, fomites

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5
Q

What disease is caused by varicella zoster?

A

chicken pox

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6
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period and particle of the varicella zoster?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family: alphaherpevirus
genome: dsDNA, large
virion: enveloped
particle: icosahedral nucleocapsid
incubation: medium
replication: nucleus
transmission: inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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7
Q

What disease is caused by the poliovirus?

A

gastroenteritis

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8
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of the poliovirus?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - picornavirus
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - nonenveloped
incubation - medium
replication - cytoplasm
transmission - fecal-oral
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9
Q

What disease is caused by the rotavirus?

A

gastroenteritis

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10
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of the rotavirus?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - reoviridae
genome - dsRNA, 11 segments
virion - non enveloped
incubation - very short 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: ingestion of material containing the virus
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11
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and incubation period of hepatitis A?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - picornaviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - non-enveloped
incubation - medium
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: fecal-oral, sexual (anal, then oral), and parenteral (brief window)
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12
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, incubation period, and the particle of hepatitis B?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - hepadnaviridae
genome - dsDNA, circular
virion - enveloped
particle - icosahedral nucleocapsid 
incubation period - long
replication: nucleus
transmission: sexual, vertical, and parenteral
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13
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, incubation period, and the particle of hepatitis C?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - flaviviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
particle - icosahedral nucleocapsid 
incubation period - long
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: sexual, vertical, and parenteral
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14
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of hepatitis E?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - calciviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - nonenveloped
incubation period - medium 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: fecal-oral, sexual, parenteral (brief window)
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15
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of eastern equine encephalitis?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - togaviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short
replication: cytoplasm 
transmission: transmitted from reservoir through a vector
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16
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - togaviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: transmitted from reservoir through a vector
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17
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of the west nile?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - flaviviridae
genome - (+)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: transmitted from reservoir through a vector
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18
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, the incubation period, and particle of rabies?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - rhabdoviridae
genome - (-)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
particle - looks like a bullet
incubation period - long 
replication: cytoplasm
transmission: via bite of infected animal
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19
Q

What disease does Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) cause?

A

HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, tropical spastic paraparesis

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20
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - deltaretrovirus
genome - (+)ssRNA, diploid
virion - enveloped 
incubation period - very long
replication: both?
transmission: breastfeeding, parenteral, sexual transmission
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21
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A

family - lentivirus
genome - (+)ssRNA, diploid
virion - enveloped
incubation period - 6 months-25 years following minor acute infection
replication: both?
transmission: breastfeeding, parenteral, sexual transmission (common)

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22
Q

What disease does influenza cause?

A

seasonal flu

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23
Q

What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of influenza?

Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?

A 
family - orthomyxovirida
genome - segmented (-)ssRNA
virion - enveloped
incubation period - short 
replication: nucleus
transmission: transmission via large and small aerosolized droplets
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24
Q

What disease does adenovirus cause?

A

acute respiratory disease

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25
What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of the adenovirus? Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?
``` family - adenoviridae genome - dsDNA virion - non-enveloped incubation period - short replication: nucleus transmission: aerosols, direct contact, and fomites (CDC) ```
26
What disease does rhinovirus cause?
mild upper respiratory infections
27
What is the family, genome, virion, and the incubation period of rhinovirus? Also, where does it replicate and how is it transmitted?
``` family - picornavirus genome - (+)ssRNA virion - non-enveloped incubation period - short replication: cytoplasm transmission: aerosols and fomites ```
28
What are some unique features and proteins of measles?
- 10-14 day incubation - most deadly of the childhood diseases - two part viremia with symptoms coinciding with the second round - characterized by rash and "koplik spots" - proteins: LPHFNM
29
What are some unique features and proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
- 4-5 day incubations - virus replication limited to respiratory tract - infection doesn't yield life long immunity - no vaccine - proteins: LGFMPN, NS1, NS2
30
What are some unique features and proteins of varicella zoster?
- 10-21 day incubation period - characterized by rash on scalp, face, and trunk - cell mediated immunity most important for recovery - vaccination is primary option for treatment - proteins: many
31
What are some unique features and proteins of poliovirus?
- mild disease with severe symptoms if CNS becomes involved - 1:200 develop CNS infection which leads to limb/respiratory paralysis - polio has been targeted for eradication and would be the 3rd disease ever to be eradicated - secondary replication associated with major viremia - fecal shedding of bacteria for weeks - proteins - capsid: VP1-4, non structural: proteases, polymerases, and others
32
What are some unique features and proteins of rotavirus?
- 2 day incubation period - 11 segments of dsRNA - unique 3 layered capsid that contributes to infection scheme - similar to polio, virus can be shed in fecal matter before symptoms show - proteins: VP1-4 other structural and non-structural
33
What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis A?
- 15-40 day incubation period - almost all infections are acute - vaccine available - often asymptomatically infected
34
What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis B?
- 30-180 day incubation - smallest genome of the human viruses - RNA intermediate required for replication - must replicated using RNA intermediate even though its genome is dsDNA - requires liver specific transcription factors - mainly caused by sex and drug use and can cause cirrhosis of liver and even liver cancer - half acute and half chronic infections - often asymptomatic infections - proteins - pol: reverse transctiptase, HBsAg-S, HBsAg- M, HBsAg-L, HBCAg
35
What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis C?
- 160-120 day incubation - 80% chronic infections - antibody + virus complexes can deposit in other tissues causing immune response and subsequent tissue damage - new product can cure chronic infection in some genotypes, but not vaccine is available - often asymptomatic infections - proteins- E1, E2 - attachment and entry, C:core, various non-structural
36
What are some unique features and proteins of hepatitis E?
- causes food borne and waterborne illness - disease is similar to HAV distinguished by serology - no prevention available, but vaccines under development
37
What are some unique features and proteins of eastern equine encephalitis?
- 2-10 day incubation period - vector transmission is dependent on viral amplification within the vector (not in reservoirs) - a single vaccine is available - supportive care, and mosquito control/repellant is important - proteins - E1, E2: attachment and entry, capsid proteins, various non- structural proteins
38
What are some unique features and proteins of Venezuelan equine encephalitis?
- 2-10 day incubation period - vector transmission is dependent on viral amplification within the vector (not in reservoirs) - a single vaccine is available - supportive care, and mosquito control/repellant is important - proteins - E1, E2: attachment and entry, capsid proteins, various non- structural proteins
39
What are some unique features and proteins of west nile?
- 2-14 days - vector transmission is dependent on viral amplification within the vector (not in the reservoirs) - no vaccine - supportive care, and mosquito control/repellant is important - range of WNV and EEE is different based on the difference in the range of habitats for the associated species of mosquitos that act as vectors for the virus
40
What are some unique features and proteins of rabies?
- 1-3 month incubation period - vaccine available but is expensive for humans - once symptoms appear disease is almost always fatal - hydrophobia, leads to foaming of the mouth - proteins: N,P,M,G, L(polymerase)
41
What are some unique features and proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)?
- long latent period 30-50 years - once retrovirus has incorporation viral DNA into host DNA there is no way to remove it - symptoms onset typically three years after infection - treatment and prevention dependent on disease: * ATLL lymphoma/leukemia with chemotherapy * HAM/TSP with corticosteroids and interferon to temporarily alleviate associated pain - proteins: reverse transcriptase (defining feature of retrovirus) and GAG, pro, pol, env (simple retroviruses), and complex viruses contain other genes
42
What are some unique features and proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
- 6 month to 25 years latent period - seal transmission is primary route with higher incidence for male to male, male to female, and then female to male respectively. - blood transfusion is practically guaranteeing transmission (but blood is screened prior to infusion) - HIV targets CD4+ T cells - HF - proteins: reverse transcriptase (defining feature of retrovirus) and GAG, pro, pol, env (simple retroviruses), and complex viruses contain other genes
43
What are some unique features and proteins of influenza?
- 1-4 day incubation - three types (A, B, and C) with type A being the most common - 8 segments (-)ssRNA - HA is major determinant for human strains - current strains are H1N1 and H3N2 - proteins: HA- hemagglutinin (attachment), NA - neuraminidase (viral budding/release), others (M1, M2, PB1, PB2, and PA)
44
What are some unique features and proteins of adenovirus?
- three phase gene expression - different serotypes associated with different disease presentation - proteins: fiber- cell attachment, penton base - cell entry, hexon - capsid
45
What are some unique features and proteins of rhinovirus?
- 1-4 day incubation period - humans only known reservoir - large antigenic diversity and mutations makes vaccines and antivirals ineffective respectively
46
What viruses are replicated inside the nucleus only?
varicella zoster hep B influenza adenovirus
47
what viruses are replicated inside the cytoplasm only?
``` measles respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poliovirus rotavirus hep A hep C hep E eastern equine encephalitis Venezuelan equine encephalitis west nile rabies rhinovirus ```
48
What viruses are replicated in both the cytoplasm and nucleus?
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) | HIV
49
What viruses' genome is (-)ssRNA?
measles respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) rabies influenza ( it's segmented)
50
What viruses' genome is (+)ssRNA
``` poliovirus hep A hep C hep E eastern equine encephalitis Venezuelan equine encephalitis west nile human t-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) - (it's diploid) HIV - (it's diploid) rhinovirus ```
51
What viruses' genome is dsDNA?
``` varicella zoster (it's large) hep B (it's circular) adenovirus ```
52
What viruses' genome is dsRNA?
rotavirus (it's in 11 segments)
53
What viruses are enveloped?
``` measles respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) varicella zoster hep B hep C eastern equine encephalitis Venezuelan equine encephalitis west nile rabies human t-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) HIV influenza ```
54
What viruses' are non-enveloped?
``` poliovirus rotavirus hep A hep E adenovirus rhinovirus ```
55
Which viruses have a icosahedral nucleocapsid?
varicella zoster hep B hep C
56
Which viruses have a short incubation period?
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - 4 to 5 days eastern equine encephalitis - 2 to 10 days Venezuelan equine encephalitis - 2 to 10 days west nile - 2 to 14 days influenza - 1 to 4 day adenovirus rhinovirus - 1 to 4 day
57
Which viruses' have a very short incubation period?
rotavirus - 2 day
58
which viruses' have a medium incubation period?
``` measles - 10 to 14 day varicella zoster - 10 to 21 day poliovirus hep A - 15 to 40 day hep E ```
59
which viruses's have a long incubation period?
hep B - 30 to 180 day hep C - 160 to 120 day rabies - 1 to 3 month
60
which viruses' have a very long incubation period?
human t-cell leukemia virus (HTVL) - 30 to 50 years | HIV - 6 month to 25 years following minor acute infection
61
Which viruses belong in the paramyxovirus family?
measles | respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
62
Which viruses belong in the flaviviridae family?
hep C | west nile
63
What viruses belong in the picornarvirus family?
poliovirus | rhinovirus
64
What viruses belong in the togaviridae family?
eastern equine encephalitis | Venezuelan equine encephalitis

MICRO VIRUSES (1 decks)

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