All Random

Question 1

anti-platelets

Answer 1

Aspirin, Clopridogrel
Angina, Acute MI, CVA/TIA, high risk MI
SE- haemorrhage

Question 2

cromolyns

Answer 2

cromoglycate

asthma, mast cell stabiliser

Question 3

anti- TNF

Answer 3

infliximab, adalimumab
bind to TNF and reduce production
severe IDB

Question 4

Potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 4

spironolactone (reduces aldosterone)
fluid retention, HF, prevent hypokalaemia
SE- nausea, sickness, postural hypo, tiredness, fainting, gyneocomastia

Question 5

immunosuppressant

Answer 5

methotrexate, azathioprine
reduce immune responce
TH1 in chron’s TH1 and 2 in UC

Question 6

Corticosteroid (GI)

Answer 6

prednisolone, bucladesine
block substances that trigger allergic/ inflammatory response
acute attacks of IDB- high dose then reduce
SE- adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, hair thinning, weight gain, acne, diabetes, hypotension

Question 7

aminosalicylates

Answer 7

5-ASA, sulfasalazine, mesalasine
reduce inflammation and cancer risk in IBD
mild UC, crohn’s
SE- nausea, vomitting, diarrhoea, headache, indigestion, allergies

Question 8

PPIs

Answer 8

omeprazole
irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Peptic ulcer, gastritis, GORD, zollinger Ellisa syndrome
SE- increased risk of Cdif and pneumonia

Question 9

Ca channel blockers

Answer 9

verapamil, diltiazem
rate limiting
amlodipine (dihydropyridines)
hypertension, angina, rate limiting, SVT and AF
caution when given with Bblockers

Question 10

Corticosteroids (resp)

Answer 10

beclomethasone, oral prednisolone
p- acute asthma and COPD
b- inhaled as preventer- asthma, COPD

Question 11

PGE analog

Answer 11

decrease acid secretion despite prostaglandin inhibition from COX inhibitor
prevent gastric damage due to NSAID
SE- diarrhoea, dont use in child bearing age

Question 12

mucosal strengtheners

Answer 12

bismuth, sucralfate
bind to ulcer base, provide physical protection and allow HCO3 secretion to increase pH
ulcer healing, travelers diarrhoea

Question 13

B blockers

Answer 13

cardio selective- atenolol non- propanolol (PAN ALL OVER-NON SPEC)
hypertension, angina, HF
SE- dont use in asthma or COPD, tiredness, worsening of HF (start slow), cold peripheries

Question 14

Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker (ARB)

Answer 14

losartan (SARTAN)
HF, hypertension- used instead of ACEi if dry cough
SE- renal dysfunction, not in pregnancy

Question 15

anticoagulant

Answer 15

heparin iv- fast
warfarin oral- slow- vit k antagonist (controlled by INR)
DVT, small PE, NSTEMI, AF
SE- haemorrhage

Question 16

Thiazide diuretic

Answer 16

bendroflumethiazide
hypertension
SE- impotence, hypokalemia, tired, arrhythmias

Question 17

Fibrinolytics

Answer 17

streptokinase, tPA
STEMI, large PE, CVA
SE- haemorrhage- avoid if recent trauma, bleed, peptic ulcer

Question 18

ACEi

Answer 18

lisinopril, ramipril
hypertension, HF
SE- dry cough, renal dysfunction, oedema, never use in pregnancy

Question 19

Anti acids

Answer 19

AlOH, CaHCO3, MgOH
neutralise stomach acid
GORD, ulcers, dyspepsia
SE- constipation, hypercalcaemia, diarrhoea, hypotension, cardiac problems

Question 20

Digoxin

Answer 20

controls cardiac rhythm by reducing AV conduction time
AF
SE- bradycardia, heart block, nausea, yellow vision, ventricle irritability

Question 21

PDE4 inhibitors

Answer 21

rofluminast- oral
anti inflammatory, reduces exacerbation
COPD, add on to LAMA and LABA in frequent exacerbations
SE- nausea, diarrhoea, headache, weight loss

Question 22

ezetimibe

Answer 22

binds to NPILI and prevent uptake of cholesterol

high cholesterol

Question 23

M antagonists (GI)

Answer 23

hyosine, scopolamine
inhibits GI movement and relaxes GI tract
prophylaxis- motion sickness
SE- blurred vision, urine retention, dry mouth, sedation

Question 24

Fat folk

Answer 24

orlistat
inhibits pancreatic lipase- decreased breakdown and absorption of fats
induce weight loss
SE- steatarrhoea, decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Question 25

cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist

Answer 25

montelukast oral early in asthma bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory good in exercise induced asthma and allergic rhinitis

Question 26

5HT3 antagonist

Answer 26

ondansetron decreases vagal stimulation anti emetic (non motion sickness) post op + cancer chemo

Question 27

laxative

Answer 27

``` lactulose- slow magnesium hydroxide- fast osmostic load drains water into GI tract constipation SE- diarrhoea, dehydration, bulemics may use ```

Question 28

nitrates

Answer 28

isosorbidemononitrate, GTN angina, acute HF SE- headaches, hypotension, tolerence (need 8 hourse per day nitrate free)

Question 29

loop diuretic

Answer 29

furosemide HF SE- hyperglycaemia, diabetes, increased uric acid- gout

Question 30

Anti cholesterol agents

Answer 30

statins- simvustatin hypercholestremia, diabetes, angina, MI, over 55 fibrates- hezafibrate hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL SE- Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (muscle fibres in the blood)

Question 31

methylxanthines

Answer 31

theophylline, aminophylline oral theo for maintenance, added to ICS for asthma and COPD iv amino for acute attacks

Question 32

purgatives

Answer 32

bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, senna clearing of bowels before surgery, constipation when straining is damaging, angina/ haemarrhoids

Question 33

anti- diarrhoeals

Answer 33

codeine, loperamide, diphenoxylate slow down contractions in stomach SE- constipation

Question 34

B2 agonists

Answer 34

SABA- salbutamol LABA- salmeterol/formoterol asthma COPD SE- tremours, increased HR

Question 35

cannabinoids

Answer 35

anti emetic used in patients that have not responded to other anti emetics during chemotherapy

Question 36

dopamine2 receptor antagonist

Answer 36

metoclopramide (during MI with morphine), domperidone (safer) block dopamine receptors in CTZ anti emetic

Question 37

NK1 receptor antagonists

Answer 37

aprepitant | anti emetic often added to 5MT3 antagonist in cancer chemo

Question 38

mucolytics

Answer 38

carbocysteine reduce sputum viscosity COPD

Question 39

Histamine receptor antagonist (anti emetic)

Answer 39

cyclizine, cinnarizine block vestibular and NTS motion sickness SE- sedation

Question 40

H2 blockers (stomach use)

Answer 40

ranitidine, cimetidine reversible block of H2 receptors in parietal cell, reduced H+ production peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild oesophageal reflux SE- gynaecomastia, prolactin release, confusion, impotence

Question 41

M antagonists

Answer 41

block of M1 and M3 desirable, not M2 quaterny group reduces systemic absorption SAMA ipratropium LAMA tiotropium (M3 selective) COPD- reduces exacerbations highnebulised ipr in acute asthmaand COPD stop bronchoconstictor effect of M3