All Reaction Mechanisms

Question 1

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from an alkene to a dihaloalkane

Answer 1

Electrophilic addition of a diatomic molecule:

Reaction type: Electrophilic addition
Reagents: Bromine (Br₂)
Condition: room temperature

Question 2

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from an alkene to a haloalkane

Answer 2

Electrophilic addition of a hydrogen halide:

Reaction type: Electrophilic addition
Reagent: Hydrogen halide (e.g. HBr)
Condition: Room temperature

Question 3

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required for free radical substitution

Answer 3

Free radical substitution:
Reaction type: homolytic fission
Reagent: Halogen (e.g. Cl₂ or Br₂)
Condition: UV light /

Question 4

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from an alkene to alkane

Answer 4

Hydrogenation of alkenes:

Reaction type: Addition reaction
Reagent: Hydrogen gas (H₂)
Condition: Nickel catalyst (solid0 / 150 ° C

Question 5

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from an alcohol to alkene

Answer 5

Dehydration of alcohol to alkene
Reaction type: Elimination reaction
Reagent: Concentrated H₂SO₄ or H₃PO₄
Condition: Heat under reflux

Question 6

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from an alcohol to haloalkane:

Answer 6

Substitution of alcohol to haloalkane:

Reaction type: Nucleophilic substitution
Reagent: Sodium halide (e.g. NaBr) / H₂SO₄
Condition: Heat under reflux

Question 7

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from an alkene to alcohol

Answer 7

Steam hydration of alkene to alcohol:

Reaction type: Electrophilic addition
Reagent: Steam (H₂O) / Phosphoric acid catalyst (H₃PO₄)
Condition: 300 °C / 60-70 atm

Question 8

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from a haloalkanes to alcohol

Answer 8

Hydrolysis of haloalkane to alcohol:

Reaction type: Nucleophilic substitution
Reagent: warm Aqueous NaOH or KOH or H2O
Condition: Heat under reflux

Question 9

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 9

Oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid:

Reaction type: Oxidation
Reagent: Acidified potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺)
Condition: Heat under under reflux

Question 10

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 10

Oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid:

Reaction type: Oxidation
Reagent: Acidified potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺)
Condition: Heat under reflux

Question 11

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde

Answer 11

Oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde:

Reaction type: Oxidation
Reagent: Acidified potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺)
Condition: Heat and distill

Question 12

State the type of reaction, reagents used and conditions required to go from a secondary alcohol to ketone

Answer 12

Oxidation of secondary alcohol to ketone:

Reaction type: Oxidation
Reagent: Acidified potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺)
Condition: Heat under reflux