All Revision Flashcards
(24 cards)
Who lead the reformation?
Martin Luther
But there were three reformers: Martin Luther, John Knox and John Calvin
What does reformation mean?
To change the religion from Roman Catholic to Protestant
The new religion that was set up was called?
Protestant
What was the counter-reformation?
To stop people from leaving the Roman Catholic Church and win people over
What did the counter reformation involve?
The council of Trent: a council of church leaders who removed some of the old abuses
New religious orders: such as Jesuits founded to improve that standards of religious education and do missionary work
The inquisition: they questioned Protestant beliefs. They were a religious court of law who tortured and even burned people alive, if people refused to change their beliefs. Even some Catholics were persecuted
Who was Henry VIII? And what sort of man was he?
Notorious-widely known for something bad
He was a powerful king
A clever scholar
A cruel tyrant
Who were his wives?
Wife 1: Katherine of Aragon-divorced Wife 2: Anne Boleyn-beheaded Wife 3: Jane Seymour-died Wife 4: Anne of Cleaves-divorced Wife 5: Kathryn Howard-beheaded Wife 6: Katherine Parr-survived
Who was his children?
Eldest- Mary Tudor- daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon- Roman Catholic
Elizabeth- daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn
- Protestant
Edward- son of Henry and Jane Seymour- Protestant
The line of succession was: Edward, Mary, Elizabeth
Explain the murder of Rizzio.
At 6’o clock Rizzio was playing the harp for Mary queen of scots and her ladies in waiting. Suddenly Darnley grabs Mary, and his two men, lord Ruthven and George Douglas, grab Rizzio and stab him once. Rizzio, who is holding Mary’s waist and crying for mercy, gets dragged out of the room and stabbed 56 times.
What are the names of Mary queen of scots husbands?
Husband 1: Francis II
Husband 2: Lord Darnley
Husband 3: Earl of Bothwell
Why was Mary queen of scots a problem for Elizabeth?
Since Mary was catholic, if she lived in England, English Catholics might be tempted to make her queen and rebel against Elizabeth
Since Elizabeth was unmarried with no children, Mary was her heir
Why did the people want a reformation?
The pope behaved like kings and didn’t care about teaching the religion
The cardinals and bishops were lazy and greedy for wealth and power
The priests were uneducated
The priests sold fake relics
What are the reasons why England and Spain were rivals?
Elizabeth didn’t admit to privateering so she would get profits
Elizabeth sent troops to the Netherlands
Elizabeth killed Mary queen of scots who was a catholic queen
Philip wanted England to be a catholic country
Elizabeth refused Philips married proposal, which made Philip annoyed
What are the causes of the armada setting sail in 1588?
Rejection of his marriage proposal
Religious differences
Execution of Mary queen of scots
English sailors robbed spanish treasure ships
What are the reasons why the armada failed?
The soldiers weren’t trained to sail.
Their admiral hated the sea
Their storage barrels were made from unseasoned wood, which caused the food to go off
The English’s ships were faster and more stable in bad weather
The English’s fire ships (hell burners) caused panic among the Spanish and made them separate
What are the reasons for the plantations to be established in Ireland?
Elizabeth feared her enemy Spain would use Ireland as a base to launch an attack of England
To gain gold and silver
To gain vast areas of fertile land
To avoid wars with the Irish
What happened to the first plantations in Laois and Offaly and in Munster?
Laois and Offaly failed almost immediately. It hadn’t enough settlers and there was constant attacks from the native Irish
The Munster lasted 12 years before failing. It failed because the land and climate weren’t as good as expected, Irish raiders attacked and made life difficult and dangerous for the settlers and finally in 1598 Hugh O’Neil, an ulster chief, sent an army to Munster and by 1599 most if the settlers and undertakers were driven out if Ireland
What relation was Mary and Elizabeth I? Did they ever meet?
The were cousins
They never met
Name the plots that Mary was involved with?
Ridolfi
The assassination of William
The Babington plot
What happened to Mary?
She was executed
What did Mary leave in her will?
A claim to the English throne for Philip
Who was the king of Spain?
Philip I
What formation did the armada sail in?
Crescent
Why would people go to Ireland?
To gain money
To gain land
To start a new life
