ALL TERMS Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
Goods from america to europe
A
Maize, tomatoes, potatoes, cacao, tobacco
2
Q
Goods Europe to america
A
Rice, wheat, soybeans, lemons, smallpox
3
Q
encomienda system
A
Spanish men were given land and all natives who happened to live in the land were subject to slavery
4
Q
Spanish American caste system
A
-born in spain–>Criollos spanish but born in americans->Mestizos, spanish native american->mulattoes–> spanish african
5
Q
Pueblo revolt
A
-mexico and arizona
-wanted to worship christ and their gods
-killed 400 spanish and burned churches
6
Q
Ojibwe
A
-native american group up north that traded with the french
7
Q
Why Brits came over
A
-nobles lost money after columbian exchange
-peasants lost land *economic oppertunities
8
Q
Chesapeake colonies
A
-1st settlement was Jamestown
-join-stock company
-tobacco cultivation from indentured servants
-bacons rebellion + later enslaved people
9
Q
joint-stock company
A
-group of investors paid for voyages and shared wealth earned
10
Q
Bacon’s rebellion
A
-leeds indentured servant and poor famers and slaves to attack the govener
11
Q
New England Colonies
A
-protostants unhappy with england
-also farmers so also econimoc
-migrated family groups
-mayflower compact
12
Q
British west indies colonies
A
-cashcrop sugar cane
-mostly slaves called chattel
13
Q
New Jersey & New York colonies
A
-middle colonies
-economy of exports
-class system, merchants, artisans, unskilled labor etc, africans
14
Q
pennsylvania colonies
A
-william penn the quaker allowing religious freedom
15
Q
House of burgesses
A
-virginia
-legislative assembly for taxes and laws
16
Q
mayflower compact
A
-self-governing church congregation
-new englsh
17
Q
slave trade act
A
-1788
-british limited amount of slaves that could be on ships
18
Q
Navigation acts
A
-required colonist merchants to trade with english colonies in english ships
19
Q
King Philips war
A
-1675, new england
-Metacoms burned the fields and things of the colonists
-mohawks were NE allies and attacked
20
Q
Great Awakening
A
-new light clergymen
-spreads christianity
-preists jonathan edwards & george whitfield who travels up and down
-you dont need wealth to be loved by God but salvation was in his hands
21
Q
Impressment
A
-stealing men and making them work in the british navy
-colonists realize their natural rights
22
Q
Stono rebellion
A
-1739 SC
-enslaved men stole weapons and burned plantations and killed slave owners
23
Q
French and indian war
A
-french and indians versus british
-land disputes in ohio river; war starts in 1754
-Albany confrence
24
Q
Albany conference
A
-ben frank & other people from french colonies
-british with impressment and quartering
-peace of paris
25
Peace of paris
-result of seven years war
-british got florida and all land east of the miss river
26
Proclomation line of 1763
-brits said that colonists cant go west past app trail
-result of ottowa leader pontiac raids
27
Greenville's plan
-stricter enforcement of currect laws
-quarting act 1765
-brit soliders in colonies and colonists had to houes them
28
stamp act and sugar act
-coffee, wine, molasses
-1765, all paper items
29
sons of liberty
-people against the british
30
stamp act congress
-1765, 27 delagtes from nine colonies
-petition to parliment to rid stamp act bc tyranny
31
deglatory acts 1766
-british can put whatever taxes they want on colonies
32
coercive acts
-1774, closes down boston harbor
33
continental congress
-1774, delagtes from every colony
-needed to resist parliment but no revolution
34
Jacques rousseau
-social contract
-people give their power to gov and gov protects their laws
35
Montesquieu
-fondations of our government with the branches
36
Battle of Saratoga
-the french saw that the americans could win the war and was willing to support them
37
Paris peace treaty
-ends the rev war
-british recognize america as an independent nation with a boundary at the miss river
38
Republican motherhood
-women are vital to a healthy democrac because they raised smart sons so women themselves needed to be educated
39
Northwest ordinace of 1787
-abolishes slavery in the northwest territory
-explains to people the rules for claiming new lands
40
shays rebellion
-daniel shays is an angry vet farmer who is in danger of losing everything and takes 1000 farmers to arm themselves
-no president or fed gov
41
Constitutional convention
-1787 post shays rebellion
-50 delagates
-decide to make a whole new constitution
42
Virginia plan
-strong centralized state
-representation based on population
43
New Jersey Plan
-every state has equal representation
44
House of reps voting
-elected directly by people
-two year terms
45
Senate
-elected by state legislatures
-six year terms
46
Federalists
-urban and commercial
-fed papers, alex hamilton
-strong central gov
47
federalism
sharing of power between the national and state government
48
Proclamtion of neutrality
-1793
-GW says we are nuetral in the french war
49
Jays Treaty
-brits give up their posts on the western frontier of american territory
50
pinckney treaty
-americans can use NO port
51
Whiskey rebellion
-farmers attacked tax collectors
-new constitution worked
52
Democratic republicans
-thomas jeff and james madison
-states rights+ rural and agr interests
53
alien and sedition acts
-adams, gov can deport or imprison any non citizen they please
-irish and scottish bc they dont like the brits
-cant criticize the gov publically
54
Election of 1800
-feds--> demo-repubs
-first peaceful power transition
55
Marbury v madison
-jeff wouldnt let marbury into court
-can declare things unconstitutional and the judiciary act was unconstitutional
56
Mcculloch v maryland
-a state cant tax a federal bank
-expands federal powers
57
Barbary pirates
-attack us merchants after jeff doesnt pay the bills
58
War of 1812
-impressement of american citizens
-brits sent aid to natives to attack americans moving west
-demise of the federalist party for being anti nationalism
59
War hawks
-demo-repubs wanted war of 1812
60
Adam-onis treaty
-we got florida and redefined things in the west
61
Monroe doctrine
-everything in the western hemisphere is none of europes business
62
american system
-federally funded internal improvements
-federal tariffs
-second bank of the us
-claimed to be federal over reach
63
Missouri compromise/ comp of 1820
-missouri is a slave state but maine is a new state and is a free state
-states above 36 30 line were free and below were slave
64
Tallmadge ammendment
-missouri is a slave state for 25 years
-people were worried bc this would lead to no more slavery
65
Market revolution
linking northern industries with western and southern farms, created by advances in agriculture, industry and transportation
-firmly capitilist society
-success is in your hands
66
National/cumberland road
-helps the market revolution
67
Erie canal
-connections northern industrialism with western farms
-steam boats
68
Railroads
-local and state governemtns helped with loans and land
69
Interchangable parts
-eli whitney
- artisans dont have to make whole guns
-helps factories and unskilled labor
70
cotton gin
-seperates cotton seeds from cotton fibers to then go into a spinning machine and be clothes
71
rapid farming
-not for survival, focus on cashcrops like tobacco or cotton
-made to be exported
72
Natavists
-against immigrants and catholics and jews
73
middle class
-education
-temperance
-protastant afiliation
74
cult of domesticity
-one gender is assigned to a role
-women should only have kids and raise them
-changes as women start to work in factories
75
democrats
-andrew jackson
-limited gov, free trade, local rule
-no tariffs, corperate monopolies, national banks
76
Whigs
-henry clay
-involved central government
-protective tariffs, federally funded intenal improvments
-no crimes by immigrants
77
tariff of 1828/tariff of abominations
-john quincy adams
-helped north hurt south
78
Doctrine of nullification
-if a state thought a law was unconstitutional they could not follow it
-calhoun (jacksons vice pres)
-follows sc nullification crisis
79
Second national banks
-small banks couldnt pay the national bank so people had worthless money
-jackson thought the bank helped the wealthy and harmed the middle class
80
Indian removal act 1830
-cherokees on land with gold
-trail of tears to oregon
81
Worcester v georgia
-cherokees vs georgia about the constitutionality of being removed
-cherokees won
82
national republicans
-part of demo-repubs before split
-expansive view of federal power
loose constructionism
83
Corrupt bargain
adams and clay getting voted
84
The second great awakening
-religious revivals among protestant christians with salvation
-market revolution, good work can get you to salvation
-charles grandison finney, awaken emotion for the common folk
85
American temperance society
-a result of protostants
-1826
-one of the first reform movements
86
william lloyd garrison
-the liberator, abolistionism
-white people needed to argue for anti slavery on moral grounds
87
Frederick Douglass
-scholar and author about dehumanization
88
Seneca falls conventions
-elizabeth cady stanton
-declaration of sentimens
-women!
89
yeoman farmers
-southern farmers with no slaves
-argued against slavery bc it was hard to keep up with farms with slaves
90
Manifest destiny
-John sullivan
-we have a god-given right as americans to the land of america
91
california gold rush
-migrations west for gold after lots was discovered
92
texas
-most southern protostant and slave owning
-mexican gov said they had to be anti slavery and be catholics
93
Texas republic
-sam houstan leads revolt to make texas an independent state after new mexican gov enforces rules
94
Mexican american war
-zachary taylor went to meet troops at the rio grande and 11 americans were killed so polk declared war
-1846
95
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
-1848
-rio grande is texas border
-mexican cession with cali and new mexico to the americans for 15 million
-all mexicans living in texas would be given us citizenship but not the indians
96
Wilmot proviso
-land gained from mexican american war is off limits to the expansion of slavery
-struck down
97
free-soil movement
-land for homesteaders without compition of slavery
-democrats and whigs
-white oppertunities and abolistionist
98
popular sovereignty
-the people in the territory decide the slavery question themselves
99
compromise of 1850
-mexican cession territory divided into utah and new mexico and slavery decided by popular sovereignty
-cali enters as a free state
-slave trade banned in dc
-stricter fugitive slave law
100
cultural enclaves
-immigrants settling together and continuing to practice their cultures
-irish to NYC
-often living in slums
-Germans to the west
101
know-nothing
-nativist political parties
102
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
-stephen douglas propose kansas and nebraska out of a territory and decide for popular sovereignty rather than missouri compromise
103
Bleeding Kansas
-violence in kansas on pro versus antislavery
-missourians went to kansas to cast illegal voted
-two rival state legislatures were established, two constitution
-franklin peirce recognizes pro slavery
104
Dred Scott case
-sues master because they moved and he had been living there for two years so he should be free
-but he cant sue bc he was slave
-techincally is property and gov cant deny people their property
105
Confederate states
-made a constitution with extremely limited federal power and that slavery can never be abolished
106
South during war
-fought a defensive war
-more experienced military leaders
107
North during war
-4x population of south
-large navy to control seas and rivers
-railroads and manufacturing
-well established central government
108
NYC draft riots
-not fair that only rich could get out of getting drafted
109
union strategy
-Anaconda plan, use navy to control the miss and cut off supplies to confederates
-lincoln frees slaves so the british wouldnt take the confederates side
110
Emancimaiton proclomaiton 1861
-frees slaves only in confederate states
111
March to the sea
-sherman marches from atlanta to savannah and burns railroads and destroys land making it hard for the south to recover
112
Gettysburn address
-unify the nation
-struggle against slavery as the fulfillment of americans founding democratic ideals
113
freedmans bureau
-reunites families seperated by slavery and arrange their social welfare and edu
114
13th amdendment
Gets rid of slavery
115
Black codes
-cant borrow money to buy or rent land
-cant justify in court
-segregation
116
Compromise of 1877
-democrats agreed to concede election to hayes
-republicans agree to remove all federal troops from the south
117
Change in farming
-small scale farmers cant afford machinary and get bought out by bigger farms
-their food prices drop
118
National grange movement
-1868
-origanally wanted to bring isolated farmers together
119
Granger laws
-pus midwestern states to pass laws regulating railroad prices (commerce act)
120
ICC
-interstate commerce comission regulates the raildorad prices
-didnt have a lot of power
121
Pacific railroads act
-federal governemtn grants land to railroad companies
-transcontinental railroads
122
Homestead act
160 acres of free land out west on the condition they would settle and farm
123
Boomtowns
-migrants coming to get cold making towns
124
Significance of the frontier
-fredrick jack turner
-the closing is a cause for a concern because now we dont have a way of releasing american content
125
Reservation systems
-had to live on plots of land assigned to them by the governemt
-wanted them to assimilate into american culture and society
126
Sioux wars
the siouxs killed a bunch of americans
127
Indian appropriation act
-ends recongnition of the sovereignty of indians
128
Dawes act
-1887
-abandoms reservation system leaving indians small plots of lands
-can be free if they settle on those lands and assimulate into american culture
129
Ghost Dance Movement
-if the indians did this this ghosts of their ancestors would repell the white people
-became violent in wounded knee when an indian stood to preform the ghost dance and was shot and the army killed over 300 women men and children
130
John D rockefeller
-oil company
-horizaontal integration- company buys all competitors until none left
131
Andrew carnegie
-steel
-vertical integration- buys all companies that are complementary to the steel industry
-gospel of wealth
132
Great railroad strike of 1877
-strike for cut wages and 60% of rr shut down
-100 people dead after violence and federal troops
133
Pullman strike
-wages cut after panic of 1893
-eugene v debs tells people not to work on pullman trains
-jailed for hindering traffic
134
Knights of labor
-opened membership to everyone
-descruction of trusts and monopolies and child labor
-700,00 members until haymarket square riot
135
Haymarket square riot
-may day labor movement with peaceful protesting until a bomb unaffiliated with group goes off
-people dont want to be assiociated
136
American Federation of labor (AFL)
-1,000,000 members by 1891
-did not like immigrants
137
Exoduster movement
-mass migration of southern black people to the west
138
social darwinism
-immigrants were raically inferior (irish)
139
Chinese exclusion act
-bans all chinese immigration to the united states
-first law to ban a specific group of people
140
Jane Addams
-settlement houses, hull house
-immigrants can better assimulate into society
141
Henry George
-single tax on land
-rich people needed to be taxed more
142
Nawsa
-national american women suffrage associaiton
-suzy b anthony and elizabeth stanton
143
Open door policy
-equal trading rights in china bc they were being consumed by the euro powers
-open door note
144
patronage
-winning elections and awarding followers government positions
-james garfield contreversy getting shot
145
Pendelton act
-if wanted a federal act you had to take a civil service exam
146
Gold standard
-gov would only print the amount of money we have in gold
147
Populist party
-work for the people and money only in a few wealthy people
-omaha platform
-never won an election
-vote for democrats
148
Omaha platform
-direct election of senators, allow people to vote and propose legislation
-unlimited coinage of silver
-graduated income taxt
-8 hour work day
149
Corrupt political machines
-bosses that gave jobs in exchange for votes
-boss tweed
-did help social justice technically
-stole tax money
150
Self determination
-nations should be able to decide who and how they were ruled
151
Spanish American war
-US naval ships in cuba and USS maine explodes killing 200 men and claimed to be by the spanish
-platt amendment
-philippeanes ceeded to annexation until post ww2
152
Yellow journalism
-publish stories that exaggurate atrocoties commited by the spanish against cuba
153
Platt amendment
-in cuban constitution
-allows america to interfere in cuba if our econimic interest is threatened
154
The progressives
-break political machines
-deal with jim crow laws and womens suffrage
*want government intervention
-secret ballot
155
Mukrakers
-people in the progressive era and wrote about the bad things of the time
156
17th amendment
-electing senators is now the hands of the people not the legislatures
157
Referendum
-progressives
-voters themselves could vote on the adoption of proposed laws
158
Initiative
-progressives
-voters could require legislators to consider a bill that they chose to ignore
159
Recall
-progressives
-a way to remove corrupt politicians before their term was complete
160
Niagara movement
-web debois
-plan protest
161
Pure Food and drug act
made sure that there were no body parts in food
162
Sinking of lusitania
-leads to america entering the war
-passenger ship sunk by the germans
163
Treaty of versailles
-ends ww1
-14 points
-self determination of nations
164
war industries board
coordinate labor and managment for ww1 goods
165
Food administration
-food production is efficeint for folks at home and at war
166
Red scare
-anti commnusists
-palmer raids, lots of people accused of being commies were deported
167
Great Migration
-black people from the south move to the industrial north
168
Flappers
-symbols of womens liberation during the 1920s
169
Harlem renaissance
-advances in the arts and intellectual pursuits of the black population
170
urban protastants
-modernists
-views changing respecting gender roles
171
Rural protastants
-fundamentalists
-dont like being modern
-condem the urban morals
172
limited welfare state
-the gov takes responsiblity for the economic welfare of its citizens
-great depression
173
New deal
-roosevelt
-relief for unemployed
-recovery for business
-reform of economic institutions
174
Public works administration
-employs the unemployed to help improve infastructure
175
national industrial recovery act
-cut throat compeition
-minimum wage
-regulation of prices
176
glass-steagall act
-increase regulation in banks
-limit the ways banks could invest peoples money
177
social security act
-part of peoples wages are held by the gov and given back to them when they reach retierment
178
Cash and Carry program
-belligerents can purshase armaments as long as they pay in cash and use their own ships for transport
179
War production board
only war ammunition
180
Japanese relocation
-put into internment camps
-american citizens
181
pequot war
-1637
-indians ravaged by disease in new england
-pequot tribe is slaughtered
182
Queen Anne's war
-war of spanish succession
-wars spread to north america and america feels the need for brit protection
183
George whitfield
-preacher from the firs great awakening
184
Gaspee incident
-first major armed rebellion against the british
185
Thomas paine
-common sense
- attacks king of england
