ALL terms from chaper 8 & 11 final exam Flashcards
(28 cards)
Ecological Fallacy =
mistaken interpretations that occur when you use data for a higher or bigger unit of analysis to examine a relationship among units at a lower or small unit of analysis
Fallacy of Misplaced Concreteness
when statistical information is reported in a way that gives a false impression of its precision.
Secondary Sources
General Social Survey =
A large-scale survey with many questions of a large national sample of adult Americans conducted almost every year. Data from it are made available to researchers at low or no cost.
Standardization =
adjusting a measure by dividing it by a common base to make comparisons are possible.
Social Indicator
Any measure of social conditions or well-being that can used be used in policy decisions.
Intercoder reliability
A measure of measurement consistency in content analysis when you have multiple coders.
making sure the data matches
Latent coding
Coding in content analysis in which you look for the underlying, implicit meaning in the content of a text.
looking for the meaning> coding based on implicit meaning (Ex. Super short hair, presence of Adams Apple…might be male)
Manifest coding
Content analysis coding in which you record information about the visible, surface content in a text.
counting how many time monster is called he or she > Very reliable
Coding System
a set of instructions or rules stating how text was systematically measured and converted into variables.
This creates consistency so you can replicate the study
You need to make sure this is mutually exclusive and exhausted
Content analysis =
A non-reactive technique for studying communication messages
.it means anything written, visual, or spoken in a communication medium.
Unobtrusive measures
non-reactive research measures that do not intrude or disturb a person, so they are unaware of them.
Non-reactive research:
Research techniques in which the people in the study are unaware that someone is gathering information or using it for research purposes.
quantitative study
Historical-Comparative Research?
research that examines how diverse factors converge to generate a specific event.
Comparisons can be made across times or cultures.
supra-context awareness
=other factors that we know now, that wasn’t known then
*We have to put our self in the situation
coherence imposition
Idea that information is Not logical, so we impose the expectation that people are predicable
capacity overestimation
People fail to act on what was learned
PRIMARY SOURCES
Sources created in the past and that survived to the present.
Presentism
The fallacy of looking at past events from the point-of-view of today and failing to adjust for a very different context at the time.
Ethnocentrism
EVALUATING a different culture through the eyes of our own culture
External criticism.
Evaluating the authenticity of primary source materials.
Internal Criticism
Evaluating the credibility of information in primary source (The onion or Wall street journal)
Running records
On-going files or statistical documents that an organization, such as a school, business, hospital, government agency maintains over time
Galton’s Problem =
A possible mistake when comparing variables/features of units of analysis, in which an association among variables or features among two units may be due to them both actually being parts of one large unit.
Recollections =
A person’s words or writings about past experiences created by the person sometime after the experiences took place
oral history = interviews with a person about his or her life and experiences in the past.
