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All the knowledge (or some) Flashcards

1
Q

1855 Classification

A
  • 60 Properties (Medoc + 1 in Graves)
  • 5 tiers (growths)
  • 5 First Growths
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2
Q

Aglianico requires a _____ growing season

A
  • long
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3
Q

Alsace Selection De Grand Nobles rules

A
  • Must be botrytis affected
  • Must be sweet
  • Min sugar at harvest 276g Muscat/Riesling, 306g PG/Gewurz
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4
Q

Alsace Vendages Tardives rules

A
  • No requirement to be botrytis affected
  • No requirement to be sweet
  • Min sugar at harvest 235g Muscat/Riesling, 256g PG/Gewurz
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5
Q

Argentina - GI hierarchy

A
  • Region
  • Province
  • Sub Region
  • Department
  • District
  • GI
  • DOCs prescribe winemaking (only 2 and not widely used) - ie Luyan de Cuyo
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6
Q

Argentina - Labelling terms for aging

A
  • Reserva (12 Reds/6 White+Rose)
  • Gran Reserva (2x)
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7
Q

Argentina - Regions/Provinces

A
  • Cuyo
    • Mendoza
    • San Juan
    • La Rioja
    • Salta
  • Patagonia
    • Neuquin
    • Rio Negro
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8
Q

Austria - Burgunland areas

A
  • Neusiedlersee
  • Mittleburgenland
  • Leithaberg
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9
Q

Austria - DAC

A
  • Per DAC permitted varietals
  • Can display origin
  • Must pass tasting panel for typicity
  • Indicator of regional typicity rather than quality
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10
Q

Austria - Neiderosterreich areas

A
  • Weinvertiel
  • Wachau
  • Kremstal
  • Kamptal
  • Wagram
  • Thermenregion
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11
Q

Austria Regions

A
  • Neiderosterreich
  • Burgunland
  • Steirmark
  • Wein
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12
Q

Beaujolais Crus (names)

A
  • Saint Amour
  • Julienas
  • Chenas
  • Moulin-a-vent
  • Fleurie
  • Chiroubles
  • Morgon
  • Regnie
  • Cote de Brouilly/Brouilly
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13
Q

Bordeaux classifications

A
  • 1855
  • Graves
  • Saint Emillion
  • Cru Bourgoise du Medoc
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14
Q

Burgundy - Cote Chalonnaise Principal Appellations

A
  • Bouzeron AOC. (Aligote only)
  • Rully AOC (W mainly)
  • Mercurey AOC (R mainly)
  • Givry AOC (R mainly)
  • Montagny AOC (W only)

No GC, only 1er

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15
Q

Burgundy - Cotes de Beaune Principal Appellations

A
  • Aloxe-Corton AOC
  • Pernand-Vergelesses AOC
  • Ladoix-Serrigny AOC
  • Beaune AOC
  • Pommard AOC
  • Volnay AOC
  • Meursault AOC
  • Puligny-Montrachet AOC/Chassange Montrachet AOC
    • Le Montrachet AOC
    • Batard Montrachet AOC
  • Saint-Aubin AOC
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16
Q

Burgundy - Cotes de Nuits Principal Appellations

A
  • Gevrey-Chambertin AOC
    • Charmes Chambertin AOC
    • Chambertin Clos de Beze AOC
  • Morey-Saint-Denis AOC
    • Clos de Tart AOC
    • Clos de la Roche AOC
  • Chambolle Musigny AOC
    • Bonnes Mares AOC
    • Musigny AOC
  • Vougeot AOC
    • GC is Clos de Vougeot and is LARGER than village
  • Vosne-Romanée AOC
    • La Tache AOC
    • Romanée-Conti AOC
  • Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC
    • No GC
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17
Q

Burgundy classification

A
  • Regional
  • Village
  • Premier Cru
  • Grand Cru
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18
Q

California - %s for labelling

A
  • Named varietal - 75%
  • Named county - 75%
  • AVA named - 85%
  • Vinyard named - 95%
  • Vintage - 95% if AVA named, 85% otherwise
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19
Q

California - Central Coast - AVAs

A
  • Central Coast AVA (450km down the coast)
  • Livermore Valley AVA
  • Monterey AVA
  • Paso Robles AVA
  • Santa Maria Valley AVA
  • Santa Ynez Valley AVA
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20
Q

California - Central Valley - AVAs

A
  • Lodi AVA (Hot med, cooling breezes in afternoon, many varietals)
  • Mokelumne River AVA (Lodi sub, many old vine Zinf)
  • Clarksberg AVA (similar climate to Lodi, Chenin, Petite Sirah)
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21
Q

California - Napa (mountainside) - AVAs

A
  • Mount Veeder AVA (West)
  • Atlas Peak AVA (East)
  • Spring Mountain AVA (East)
  • Howell Mountain AVA (West)
  • Diamond Mountain District AVA (East)
  • (West facing, ie on East - more sun)
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22
Q

California - Napa (valley) - AVAs

A
  • Carneros
  • Coombsville
  • Oak Knoll
  • Yountville
  • Stags Leap District
  • Oakville
  • Rutherford
  • St Helena
  • Calistoga
  • (South to North)
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23
Q

California - Napa - Soils

A
  • Thin, poor on mountains
  • Middle/East valley, silt/clay
  • Bottom of mountains, alluvial fans (benches), moderate fertility
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24
Q

California - Sierra Foothills - AVAs

A
  • Sierra Foothills AVA (1m ha, OV Zinf, Rhone, Italian, Spanish)
  • California Shenandoah Valley AVA
  • Fiddletown AVA
  • El Dorado AVA
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25
California - Sonoma - AVAs
* Northern Sonoma AVA (Chard, Merlot, PV, Malbec, Zinf, CS, SB, ...) * Sonoma Coast AVA (PN/Chard) * Sonoma Valley AVA (CS, Merlot, Zinf, Syrah, Chard, SB) * Chalk Hill AVA (Chard, CS, SB) * Russian River Valley AVA (Cab, Merlot, Zinf, riper PN/Chard)
26
California - South Coast - AVAs
* South Coast AVA (LA to Mexico)
27
Canada - BC - Appellations
* Okanagan Valley * Similkameen Valley * Small coastal * Vancouver Island * Gulf Island * Fraser Valley
28
Canada - Ontario - Appellations
* Niagra Peninsula * Niagra Escarpment * Niagra on the Lake * Lake Erie North Shore * Prince Edward County
29
Chablis appellations
* Petit Chablis (higher, cooler) * Chablis (flat land, North facing) * Chablis 1er Cru (S/SE facing) * Chablis GC (S facing)
30
Chablis GC climats (West to East)
* Bougros () * Preuses (Second hand Prius) * Vaudésir () * Grenouilles (Frogs) * Valmur () * Les Clos (A wall) * Blanchot (Hot blanching water) More ageworthy as you go East, earlier drinking in West
31
Chile - Central Valley DOs
* Maipo Valley * Rapel Valley * Cachapoal Valley * Colchagua Valley * Curico Valley * Maule Valley
32
Chile - Coquimbo DOs
* Elqui * Limari * Choapa
33
Chile - DO Hierarchy
* Region * Sub-Region * Zone * Area
34
Chile - Major Regions
* Coquimbo * Aconcagua * Central Valley * Southern
35
Chile - Souther Region DOs
* Itata Valley * Bío Bío Valley * Malleco Valley
36
Chile - Aconcagua DOs
* Aconcuaga Valley * San Antonio Valley * Casablanca Valley
37
Climate characteristics
* Maritime - moderated by ocean. Moderate summers, mild winters. Typically west facing coasts. * Continental - warm/hot summers, cold/cold winters. Mostly uniform precipitation (hail/snow in winter) * Mediterannean - hot dry summers, cool wet winters
38
Coulure
Fruit set failure
39
Cru Bourgoise du Medoc Classification
* 1932 * Superior quality, but below Cru Classe * As of 2018, chateaux is classified Cru Bourgoise. Cru Bourgoise Superieur, Cru Bourgoise Exceptionnel
40
Explain La Place de Bordeaux
* Winemaker - estate/winery/coop sell into 'la place' * Broker (courtier) takes 2% sells to merchant * Merchant (negociant) takes 15% and sells to wholesaler/supermarket/agent/importer * They sell to retails * Retailer sells to customer
41
Germany - Einzellage designations
* Erstes Gewachs * Grosse Gewachs * Both single vineyard/parcel * Possible to specify parcel name (Gewann) if registered
42
Germany - Erstes Gewachs requirements
* Min 85% approved varietal * Selectively picked (by any means) * 60hl (70 on steep slopes), min 11% pot alc. * Dry * Pass sensory test if ordered * Release 1 Mar following year
43
Germany - Grosse Gewachs requirements
* Min 85% approved varietal * Hand picked * 50hl, min 12% pot alc. * Dry * Pass sensory test * Release 1 Mar/1 Sept following year (white/red)
44
Germany - Qualitatswein geography hierarchy
* Anbaugebiet (region - Mosel, etc) * Region * Ortwein (village) * Einzellage (vineyard)
45
Germany - Quality hierarchy
* Deustcher Wein * Landwein * Qualitatswein * Pradikatwein (within Qualitatswein, higher must weight)
46
Graves Classification
* 1959 * 16 Classified Chateau all within Pessac Leognan * No Subdivisions * Can be for red, white wines, or both
47
Italy - Appassimento Method
* Style is called Passito * Picked and stored 3-4 months in aerated lofts to dry, checked/rotated * Lose 1/3rd weight - higher sugar/potential alcohol, acid, anthocyanin, tannin and concentration * More glycerol is produced - softer mouth feel
48
Italy - Barbera DOCs and characteristics
* High acid, relatively low tannin * Early budding, late ripening * Barbera d'Asti DOCG * Nizza DOCG (longer aging - 18m) * Piemonte DOC (lower concentration wines)
49
Italy - Bardolino DOC
* Adjacent Lake Garda * Light bodied reds and roses * 35-80% Corvina * Often blended with up to 10% Merlot to boost fruit and get ABV up
50
Italy - Basilicata DOCs and characteristics
* Aglianico del Vulture [Superiore] DOC[G]
51
Italy - Campania DOCs and characteristics
* Fiano di Avellino DOCG, Greco di Tufo DOCG, Taurasi DOCG (limestone/clay) * Campi Flegri DOC, Vesuvio DOC (volcanic/sandy)
52
Italy - Dolcetto DOCs and characteristics
* Ripens early, reductive, soft extraction to manage tannins * Deep Ruby, M(+) intensity, M(-) acid, M(+) tannin * Dolcetto d'Alba DOC * Dolcetto di Ovada DOC * Dogliana DOCG * Piemonte DOC (higher yields)
53
Italy - Friuli Important DOCs
* Grave del Friuli DOC (high vol mostly) * Friuli Isonzo DOC * Collio DOC / Collio Orientali del Friuli DOC (higher quality)
54
Italy - Lazio DOCs and characteristics
* Frascati DOC / Frascati Superiore DOCG (W) * Castelli Romani DOC (W)
55
Italy - Marche DOCs and characteristics
* Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC (low hills) * Verdicchio di Matelica DOC (higher) * Rosso Piceno [Superiore] DOC / Offida Rosso DOCG
56
Italy - Montepulciano DOCs and characteristics
* Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC (R) * Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo DOC (85% Montepulciano rose) * Trebbiano d'Abruzzo (W)
57
Italy - Multi-region Pinot Grigio DOC?
* Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC * Grapes from Veneto, Friuli and Trentino (not AA) * Good / Inexpensive - mid price
58
Italy - Nebbiolo DOCs and characteristics
* Early budding, very late ripening * Pronounced intensity, high acid, high tannin, high alcohol * Barolo [Riserva] DOCG (Dry, tannic, 100%, aged 3y2m/5y2m) * Barbaresco [Riserva] DOCG (subtly riper, shorter aging req - 2/4y) * Roero/Gattinara/Gheme DOCG (greater diurnal range, higher acid, often blended) * Langhe Nebbiolo DOC / Nebbiolo d'Alba DOC (early drinking, younger vines, 'declassified')
59
Italy - Puglia DOCs and characteristics
* Inexpensive, generally warm ferments * Primitivo di Manduria DOC * Gioia del Colle DOC
60
Italy - Sardinia DOCs and characteristics
* Cannonau di Sardegna DOC * Vermentino di Sardegna DOC (high yield) * Vermentino di Gallura DOCG (lower yields) * Carignano del Sulcis DOC
61
Italy - Sicily DOCs and characteristics
* Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG (Red) * Etna Rosso DOC (min 80% Nerello Mascalese) * Etna Bianco DOC (min 60% Carricante) * Sicilia DOC
62
Italy - Soave DOCs
* Soave [Classico] DOC * Soave Superiore DOCG * Recioto di Soave DOCG
63
Italy - Umbria DOCs and characteristics
* Orvieto DOC * Rosso di Montefalco DOC * Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG (100%)
64
Italy - Valpolicella DOCs
* Valpolicella DOC * Valpolicella Classico DOC * Valpolicella Valpantena DOC * Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG (sweet appassimento) * Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (dry appassimento) * Valpolicella Ripasso DOC (unpressed Amarone/Recioto grapes added to Valpolicella wine for refermentation) * Superiore (option for the above for high ABV/quality)
65
Italy - Vin Santo
* Tuscan appassimento method wine * Amber coloured, sweet * Most ofen Trebbiano Toscano/Malvasia blend * Vernaccia di San Gimignano * 3 other DOCs corresponding to Chianti, Chianti Classico, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
66
Jura - Vin Jaune production/style
* Dry Savagnin is made and aged in barrel with headspace * Flor (le voile) develops * Aged under flor for 5 years (total 6 in barrel) * Medium Lemon/Gold * Pronounced dough/walnut/ginger/green apple * High acid
67
Jura -Vin de Paille production
* Dried off vine * All Jura varieties except Pinot Noir * \>14% * RS 70-120g * Oak aged 18m
68
Jurancon rules/production
* Min 50% Petit/Gros Manseng * Jurancon Sec -dry 60hL * Jurancon - \>=40g/L RS, 40hL * Jurancon Vendages Tardives - sweet, 55g/L but usually higher, only Mansengs * Top quality barrel fermented/aged * Typically no malo (ph too low)
69
Key Influences - Alsace -
* Vosges Mountains (diverse sites, rain shadow) * Slopes vs flat plains closer the Rhine (aspect/elevation/soils)
70
Key Influences - Austria -
* Northerly winds (North) * Adriatic (South) * Pannonian plain (East) * Alps (West) * Low disease pressure
71
Key Influences - Beaujolais -
* Saone River * Mistral Winds * Hills * Granite soils (in North)
72
Key Influences - Burgundy - Chablis
* Latitude * Topography (aspect/elevation/slopes) * Soils * Moist climate (fungal issues)
73
Key Influences - Burgundy - Côte d’or, Côte Chalonnaise and Mâconnais
* Latitude * Topography (aspect/elevation/slopes) * Soils * Frost/Hail/Rain timing
74
Key Influences - Central Italy - Abruzzo
* Appennines (provide cooling/longer growing season) * Costal zone (higher temp, higher fertility)
75
Key Influences - Central Italy - Lazio
* Cooling winds from sea * Altitude on low hills * Little rain in summer (low pressure)
76
Key Influences - Central Italy - Marche
* Appennines (provides hilly growing areas) * Limestone/clay good balance between free draining/water retention)
77
Key Influences - Central Italy - Tuscany
* Altitude (inland) * Summer drought/temp can be hazard
78
Key Influences - Central Italy - Umbria
* Hilly landscape * Hot summers, wet autumn winter (lower pressure)
79
Key Influences - Germany -
* Northerly latitudes * Rhine + tributaries * Steep south facing slopes * Variety of soils * Very cold winters (Eiswein) * Summer rainfall (disease pressure)
80
Key Influences - Greece - Islands
* Infertile, volcanic soils * Winds
81
Key Influences - Greece - Macedonia
* Plaines are fertile and warm * Mount Vermio - rains are plentiful * Mix of soils and microclimates * Lakes near Amynteo raise humidity
82
Key Influences - Greece - Peloponnese
* Moutainous * Poor, rocky soils * Altitude
83
Key Influences - Hungary -
* Zemplen Mountains * S/SW/SE facing slopes (important at this latitude) * Rivers (Tisza/Bodrog) - fogs * Complex soils
84
Key Influences - Jura -
* High rainfall (incl during growing season) * Jura mountains/altitude * Weather hazards (reduce yields)
85
Key Influences - Loire - Anjou-Saumur
* Atlantic (progressively less as you go East) * River Layon (mist promotes Botrytis) * Rain throughout year (disease pressure)
86
Key Influences - Loire - Central Vineyards
* Rain throughout year (disease pressure) * Long days, low intensity light, low heat - restrained wines
87
Key Influences - Loire - Nantes
* Atlantic (progressively less as you go East) * Humid summers * Rain throughout year (disease pressure)
88
Key Influences - Loire - Touraine
* Atlantic (progressively less as you go East) * River Layon (mist promotes Botrytis) * Rain throughout year (disease pressure)
89
Key Influences - NE Italy - Alto Adige
* Alps (protect from winds) * Altitiude * 300 days of sunshine * Variety of soils
90
Key Influences - NE Italy - Friuli
* Adriatic sea * High rainfall (humidity, pressure) * Plain and low hills
91
Key Influences - NE Italy - Trentino
* Alps * Lake Garda * Large diurnal range
92
Key Influences - NE Italy - Veneto
* Lake Garda * River Adige/Po River Valley (brings moist air and fog) * Fertile soils
93
Key Influences - NW Italy - Piemonte
* Alps (protect from rainfall and winds) * Appennines (protect from Med weather) * Low rainfall during ripening (though can still affect Nebbiolo)
94
Key Influences - Rhone - North
* Mistral winds * Steep slopes (aids sunlight interception, drainage)
95
Key Influences - Rhone - South
* Mistral winds * Flat lands * Dry summers (drought)
96
Key Influences - S France - Languedoc
* Mediterranean Sea * Low lying plains (alluvial) * High sunshine, low rain (low pressure)
97
Key Influences - S France - Provence
* Warm mediterranean climate * Moderate rainfall * Mistral wind (cooling, can damage) * Altitude on some sites
98
Key Influences - S France - Rousillon
* Warm, windy mediterranean climate * Moderate rainfall * High sunshine, low rain (low pressure)
99
Key Influences - Southern Italy - Basilicata
* Monte Vulture * Volcanic soils (provide drainage) * Clay/limestone (retains water)
100
Key Influences - Southern Italy - Campania
* Slopes inland * Varied soils (limestone/clay, volcaninc, alluvial)
101
Key Influences - Southern Italy - Puglia
* Hot climate * Low rainfall * Fertile soils
102
Key Influences - Southern Italy - Sardinia
* Hilly/altitude (cooling influences) * Winds from sea (reduces fungal pressure)
103
Key Influences - Southern Italy - Sicily
* Warm climate * Varied microclimates * Etna
104
Key Influences - Spain - Aragon
* The C's' - Altitude, cold wind 'cierzo' from north, low rain * Somontano - Foot of Pyranees
105
Key Influences - Spain - Castilla y León
* Altitude (inland, varies per DO) * Old vines
106
Key Influences - Spain - Galacia
* Atlantic - moderates * High rainfall (pressure/vv)
107
Key Influences - Spain - Navarra
* Atlantic * Mediterranean * Pyrenees
108
Key Influences - Spain - Rioja
* Mountains to North (Sierra de Cantabria) and South (Sierra de la Demanda) * Mediterranean (East)
109
Key Influences - SW France - Bergerac/Montbazillac
* Soils - Clay/limestone, some gravel * River Dordogne - mists for Botrytis
110
Key Influences - SW France - Cahors
* Some Atlantic Influence * Warmer/drier than Bordeaux (lower pressure) * River Lot (rich soils vs slopes/plateau)
111
Key Influences - SW France - Juracon
* Pyranees * Altitude * Fohn wind (drys/aerates canopy) * High rainfall
112
Key Influences - SW France - Madiran
* Pyranees * High rainfall * hot, dry Fohn wind
113
Languedoc - Key Appellations
* Corbieres AOC * Corbieres-Boutenac * Minervois AOC * Minervois La Liviniere AOC * Saint-Chinian AOC * Fitou AOC * Faugeres AOC * Pic Saint-Loup AOC * Terrasses du Larzac * La Clape AOC * Picpoul de Pinet AOC (white only)
114
Languedoc - Named Appellation wine style
* M-M(+) aroma/flavour, blackberry, red plum, herb * M tannin * M-M(+) acidity * M-H alcohol * M(+) - F body * Minority have oak aromas * Good-VG / Inexp - mid price
115
Languedoc - Sub Appellation wine style
* M(+)-P aromas * M(+) tannins * VG-O / mid-prem price
116
Languedoc AOC - wine style
* M intensity, simple, blackberry, red plum M acid/alc/body
117
Loire - Anjou - Key AOCs
* Anjou AOC * Anjou Villages AOC * Coteaux du Layon [+ village] AOC * Bonnezeaux AOC * Quarts de Chaume AOC * Savennieres AOC (mainly dry Chennin) * Rose de Loire AOC (rose) * Rose d'Anjou AOC (rose) * Cabernet d'Anjou AOC (rose)
118
Loire - Muscadet - cru communaux
* Clisson (Glisten) * Gorges (Gorge/Canyon) * Le Pallet (Painters palette) * Goulaine (Ghost of Ghislane Maxwell) * Chateau-Thebaud (A castle) * Mouzillon-Tillieres () * Monnieres-Saint Fiacre () * La Haye Fouassiere () * Vallet (A car vallet) * Champtoceaux ()
119
Loire - Saumer - Key AOCs
* Saumur AOC * Coteaux de Saumur AOC * Saumer-Champigny AOC
120
Loire - Sur lie
* Fills out body of otherwise light wines * After alcohol fermentation, one racking is allowed to remove gross lees * Fine lees remain in contact until following winter/bottling * Bottled 1 Mar-30 Nov after harvest @ winery
121
Loire - Touraine - Key AOCs
* Touraine AOC [+sub] * Vouvray AOC * Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC * Bourgueil AOC * Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC * Chinon AOC
122
Macedonia key PDOs
* Naoussa, Amynteo (mountain area) * Drama, Kavala (flat plains)
123
Maconnaise appellations
* Macon AOC (predominantly red) * Macon-Villages and Macon-{named village} (white wines only) * Named Village Appelations (ie Saint Veran AOC, Pouilly-Fuisse AOC)
124
Portugal - Lisbon - DOCs and mountain range name
* Range is Serra de Montejunto * To west of mountains * Colares * Carcavelos * To east of mountains * Alenquer * Bucelas
125
Portugal Regions
* Minho VR/Vinho Verde DOC * Duriense VR/Douro DOC * Terras do Dao VR/Dao DOC * Bairrada * Lisboa VR * Peninsula de Setubal VR * Alentajano VR/Alentejo DOC * Tejo DOC
126
Provence - key appelations
* Cotes du Provence AOC * Bandol AOC * Other - Bellet, Cassis, Palette
127
Rhone - Northern AOCs
* Cote Rotie * Condrieu * Saint Joseph * Hermitage * Crozes Hermitage * Cornas * Saint Peray
128
Rhone - South - app hierarchy
* Cotes du Rhone AOC * Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC * Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC + {named app} * Individual appelations/cru (Cdp, Gigondas, etc)
129
Rhone - South - principal reds
* GSM - min 60% * 51hL/ha
130
Rootstock used in Chablis tollerant to high pH
* 41B, 420A
131
Saint Emillion Classification
* Some wines within the GC AOC * From 1955, revised ~10y * Blind tasting 10 vintages * Premier Grand Cru A/B, and Grand Cru Classe
132
South Africa - 'Big 6'
* Chenin Blanc * Sauvignon Blanc * Chardonnay * Cabernet Sauvignon * Shiraz * Pinotage
133
South Africa - Breed River Valley - Districts/Wards
Most of SA wine - high yields * Breedekloff * Worcester * Robertson
134
South Africa - Cape South Coast - Districts/Wards
Strong Atlantic influence - early ripening v. * Walker Bay * Hemel-en-Aarde * Bot River * Elgin
135
South Africa - Coastal Region - Districts/Wards
45% of area under vine. 25% of production (low yields) * Cape Town * Constantia * Durbanville * Stellenbosch * Simonsberg-Stellenbosch * Paarl * Simonsberg-Paarl (altitude, fresher) * Franschoek Valley * Darling * Swartland * Tulbagh * Wellington
136
South Africa - WO hierarchy
* Region * District * Ward
137
Spain - Key Appellations - Aragon
* Campo de Borjo DO * Carinena DO * Calatayud DO * Somontano DO
138
Spain - Key Appellations - Castilla La Mancha
* La Manacha DO * Valdepenas DO * Castilla VT
139
Spain - Key Appellations - Castilla y Leon
* Bierzo DO * Ribera del Duero DO * Rueda RO * Toro DO * Castilla y Leon VT
140
Spain - Key Appellations - Catalunya
* Catalunya DO * Penedes DO * Priorat DOQ * Montsant DO
141
Spain - Key Appellations - Galacia
* Rias Biaxas * Riberio * Ribeira Sacra * Valdeorras * Monterrei
142
Spain - Key Appellations - Navarra
* Navarra DO (w/5 subregions)
143
Spain - Key Appellations - Valencia/Murcia
* Valencia DO * Utiel-Requena DO * Alicante DO * Jumilla DO * Yecla DO
144
Spain - Key Regions
* Galacia * Castilla y Leon * Rioja * Navarra * Aragon * Catalunya * Valancia * Murcia * Castilla La Mancha * Sierra de Gredos
145
Spain - Penedes zones
* Penedes Maratim/Central/Superior
146
Spain - Rioja - Subzones
* Rioja Alta * Rioja Alavesa * Rioja Oriental
147
Spain - Rioja aging categories (Red)
* Generic - None * Crianza - 24 total (12/0 barrel/bottle) * Reserva - 36 (12/6 barrel/bottle) * Gran Reserva - 60 (24/24 barrel/bottle) * (In 225L (Barriques))
148
Spain - Rioja aging categories (White/Rose)
* Generic - None * Crianza - 24 total (6 barrel) * Reserva - 24 (6 barrel) * Gran Reserva - 48 (6 barrel) * (In 225L (Barriques))
149
Spain - Rioja labelling terms
* Vino de Zona (single zone) * Vino de Municipio (sourced/vinified/aged in municipality) * Vinedo Singular (single vineyard - owned 10 y)
150
Spain - What is plateau in the middle of Spain?
The Meseta 600-900m
151
California - North Coast/Lake Counties - AVAs
* North Coast AVA (largest in CA) * Mendocino AVA (large - 6 sub) * Anderson Valley AVA (PN/Chard most planted. G-O q/P-SP px) * Clear Lake AVA (much into inexp blends)
152
Italy - Alto Adige Subzones
* Bassa Atesina * Oltradige
153
Italy - Tuscany DOCs and characteristics
* Most regions sell inexpensive to premium * M intensity, red cherry, plum, herbal, M body, H acid, H tannin * Chianti DOCG (7 subzones) * Chianti Classico DOCG * Brunello di Montalcino DOCG * Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG * Morellino de Scansano DOCG * Bolgheri DOC / Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC * Maremma Toscana DOC * Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG * Toscana IGT
154
Key Influences - Bordeaux -
* Atlantic (incl storms) * Landes Forest * Rivers (Garonne/Dordonge)/Gironde Estuary * Soils * Hazards: rain timing (varied), frost
155
Loire - Central Valley - Key AOCs
* Sancerre AOC * Pouilly-Fume AOC * Reuilly AOC * Quincy AOC * Menetou-Salon AOC
156
Roussillon - Key Appellations
* Cotes du Roussillon AOC * Cotes du Roussillon Villages AOC (R) * Collioure AOC (R/W)
157
Soil texture
* ![]()Clay - fine - rich, structured wines * Silt - medium - in middle * Sand - aromatic - light wines * Loam - mixture, fertility = overproduction
158
Soil types
* Sedimentary * Limestone * Chalk * Igneous * Volcanic * Granite * Metamorphic * Shist * Slate
159
Low acid whites
* Gwerztraminer * Viognier * Treixadura
160
Red Rhone Varietal Budding / Ripening
* Grenache - Early / Late * Syrah - Mid-Late / Mid * Mourvedre - Late / Late * Carignan - Late / Late
161
Burgundy - general yields @ each level
* Regional 69/75 (red/white) * Village 40-45/45-47 (red/white) * Some GC as low as 35/40 (red/white)

WSET D3 (11 decks)

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