All Things

Question 1

Rotation vs revolution

Answer 1

Revolution is moving around something, rotation is something rotating on its axis

Question 2

Equinox vs solstice

Answer 2

Summer and winter solstices are the lognest and shortest days of the year, equinoxs are when the night and day are the same length

Question 3

Polar Constellations
which can be seen from canada
which can be seen year round

Answer 3

Seen from Canada: Cassiopeia, Cancer, Virgo
Seen year round from Canada: Draco, Cassiopeia, Ursa Major/Minor

Question 4

Zodiac constellations

Answer 4

Aries (March 21 – April 19)
Taurus (April 20 – May 20)
Gemini (May 21 – June 20)
Cancer (June 21 – July 22)
Leo (July 23 – August 22)
Virgo (August 23 – September 22)
Libra (September 23 – October 22)
Scorpio (October 23 – November 21)
Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21)
Capricorn (December 22 – January 19)
Aquarius (January 20 – February 18)
Pisces (February 19 – March 20)

Question 5

star map one

Answer 5

Get your star map and look at it

Question 6

meteors/meteorites/asteroids

Answer 6

Asteriods: Greek word meaning starlike
Meteors: thing high up in the sky
Meteorites: a meteor that hits Earth

Question 7

catergorize gas giants/terrestrials
composition
density

Answer 7

Gas giant composition: hydrogen, helium, some methane
Terrestrial composition: rocks, silicate, water, and/or carbon
Gas giants are less dense than terrestrials

Question 8

people
copernicus
galileo
kepler
brahe
hetzsprung russell - diagram
drake

Answer 8

Copernicus: first proposed that the Earth orbits the sun and the Earth spins on its own axis approx. once per day
Galileo: made the first telescope (refracting)
Kepler: found many exoplanets, proposed the 3 laws of planetary motion
Brahe: Discovered a supernova in the Cassiopeia constellation, observed elliptical orbit of a comet
HR diagram: made in 1910 by Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell
Drake equation: created in 1961 by Frank Drake

Question 9

retrogade motion

Answer 9

Rotates in a way that is unusual

Question 10

tides
during the solar eclipse spring tides

Answer 10

Spring tides are when the sun and moon are aligned causing strong tides
Neap tides are when they are not aligned causing weaker tides
Spring tides occur during solar eclipses

Question 11

redshift/blueshift

Answer 11

Stars moving away from us are redshifted, and moving towards us are blueshifted

Question 12

2 standard candles

Answer 12

cepheid variable stars and type 1A supernovas

Question 13

outerlayers of the sun
name purpose

Answer 13

Corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convecction zone, radiation zone, core

Question 14

super novas

Answer 14

Giant explosion after a star dies

Question 15

neutron stars

Answer 15

Collapsed core of a massive super giant star with a total mass between 10 and 25 solar masses

Question 16

black holes

Answer 16

An astronomical object that has a gravitational pull so strong that nothing - not even light - can escape it

Question 17

main sequence stars

Answer 17

Our universe isn’t old enough that’s why most of the stars are found along the Main Sequence.

Question 18

red giant stars

Answer 18

Uses hydrogen for fuel

Question 19

white dwarfs

Answer 19

Phase after red giant where the star has exhasuted all its nuclear fuel
Only the hot core remains

Question 20

pulsar

Answer 20

Neutron stars that send electromagnetic signals toward Earth in millisecond intervals

Question 21

quasar

Answer 21

Quasi stellar radio sources
Happens when a black hole has debris around it then the debris falls into it, causing it to turn into a sort of particle accelerator

Question 22

OBAFGKM

Answer 22

O is hottest, M is coolest, our Sun is G

Question 23

star clusters
open
globular
properties on the chart

Answer 23

Open: few hundred very old stars, 10-30 ly across, scattered around the galactic center
Globular: thousands to millions of stars, that are 10-30 million years old, nearly always in the spiral arms, with a diameter of 30 ly

Question 24

dark matter

Answer 24

Theorized to be a particle yet to be discovered

Question 25

telescopes hubble kepler wmap

Answer 25

Hubble: outside of the atmosphere to avoid light pollution from the Earth Kepler: looks for exoplanets WMAP: measured temperature differences across the sky in the cosmic microwave background – the radiant heat remaining from the Big Bang

Question 26

polaris

Answer 26

Brightest star in the night sky In the little dipper

Question 27

seasons key to life?

Answer 27

Having seasons means a planet is rotating at an angle

Question 28

photoperiod

Answer 28

How long there is light

Question 29

phases of moon

Answer 29

New moon -> waxing cresent -> first quarter -> waxing gibbous -> full moon -> waning gibbous -> third quarter ->waning cresent

Question 30

eclipse lunar and solar

Answer 30

Lunar eclipse: When the earth is between the sun a moon causing the moon to turn dark but the light is red shifted causing the moon to seem red Solar eclipse: the moon goes infront of the sun causing it to go completely dark

Question 31

comets

Answer 31

Chunks of frozen matter that orbit the Sun in a very long elliptical path

Question 32

age of earth solar system universe

Answer 32

Earth: 5.6 billion Solar system 5.6 billion Universe 13.7 billion

Question 33

KM AU LY

Answer 33

Km: Solar system Au: Longer distances still in our solar system Ly: Anywhere outside our solar system

Question 34

Tidal cycles

Answer 34

Neap tides: low tides Spring tides: high tides

Question 35

gravity waves

Answer 35

travel at the speed of causality

Question 36

baseline + paralllax

Answer 36

Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight which can help figure out how far away it is (ie looking at something at a distance from one eye then another and then changing positions) Baseline is an imaginary line from which the distance to an object: This can help with making parallax more exact

Question 37

prominences flares auroras sunspots

Answer 37

Flares are bursts from the sun Prominences are circles Auroras are caused by flares Sunspots are slightly cooler magnetic fields on the sun that appear very very dark

Question 38

nebulas bright and dark

Answer 38

Dark nebulae are dark clouds of gas and dust that obscure the objects behind it Bright nebulae: Planetary nebula, any of a class of bright nebulae that are expanding shells of luminous gas expelled by dying stars

Question 39

galaxies spiral elliptical irregular

Answer 39

Elliptical: old, rarely form new stars Spiral: interstellar matter, full of new and young stars Irregular: have no definite outline, likely formed as the result of a collision of 2 or more galaxies

Question 40

how do refracting and optical telescopes work

Answer 40

Refracting: lens Opticial: mirror

Question 41

what should a space elevator be made of

Answer 41

carbon nanotube

Question 42

exoplanets - how to find them

Answer 42

Wink (photometric) Wobble (radial velocity)