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Chemistry - all topics > All Topics > Flashcards

All Topics Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

What does effervescence mean

A

Bubbling and fizzing

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2
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

A reaction where heat is given out

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3
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

A reaction where heat is taken in

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4
Q

How do you know that a chemical reaction has been taken place

A 
Colour change 
Gas given off
Cool down
Heat up 
Now substance formed
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5
Q

What always happens during a chemical reaction

A

A new substance is formed

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6
Q

What is an element

A

An element is only made up of 1 kind of atom, eg. Carbon, magnesium

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7
Q

What is a mixture

A

2 or more elements joined together but can be easily separated using filtration, evaporation or distillation

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8
Q

What is a compound

A

2 or elements joined together but can not be separated as they are chemically joined

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9
Q

What is an ide compound

A

2 elements

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10
Q

What is an ate compound

A

2 elements and oxygen

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11
Q

What is an ite compound

A

2 elements plus oxygen

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12
Q

Give examples of a chemical reaction

A

Baking a cake
Frying an egg
Photosynthesis
Mould forming on stale bread

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13
Q

Give examples of things that aren’t a chemical reaction

A

Breaking glass
Breaking chalk
Adding sugar to tea
Paint drying

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14
Q

What is filtration used for

A

To separate the solid from the liquid

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15
Q

What is the residue

A

The solid left in the filter paper

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16
Q

What is the filtrate

A

The liquid part which has passed through the filter funnel

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17
Q

What is left in the evaporating basin during evaporation

A

Solid

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18
Q

Give the elements present in sodium chloride

A

Sodium

Chlorine

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19
Q

Give the compound name for nitrogen and iodine

A

Nitrogen iodide

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20
Q

What elements are Present in aluminium hydroxide

A

Aluminium
Hydrogen
Oxygen

This is an exception

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21
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A catalyst is used to speed up the rate of reaction but comes out unchanged at the end

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22
Q

What is a fair test

A

When everything is the same except the factor being tested

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23
Q

What can be used to speed up the rate of reaction

A

Temperature

Particle size

Concentration

Catalyst

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24
Q

What happens if the temperature is increased

A

The rate of reaction will increase because the particles are receiving more energy

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25
What happens the bigger the surface area
Quicker the rate of reaction because the particles are getting to collide more
26
What has a bigger surface area A piece of chalk Chalk powder
Chalk powder
27
What is distillation used for
To separate 2 liquids with different boiling points
28
What is the name for group 1
Alkali metals- very reactive
29
What is the name for group 2
Alkali earth metals.
30
What is the group name for group 7
Halogens - very reactive
31
What is the group name for group 8
Noble gases- unreactive
32
Give information about a proton
Proton Positive charge Located in the nucleus Has a mass of 1
33
Give information about a neutron
Neutron No charge Located in the nucleus Mass of 1
34
Give information about an electron
Electron Negative charge Located around the nucleus Mass of 0
35
Explain the energy levels
Electrons closest to the inner circle have lower energy levels that ones further away
36
What are atoms with full outer shells
Stable
37
What is the maximum capacity of the electron layers.
1st Layer-2 electrons 2nd layer - 8 electrons 3rd layer- 8 electrons
38
Why are all atoms neutral
Because they protons cancel out with the electrons because they are the same amount
39
What are atoms made up of
Protons Neutrons Electrons
40
What does the mass number equal
Protons+neutrons
41
How do you get the number of neutrons
Mass number-protons
42
What does the atomic number equal
Atomic number=protons=electrons
43
Give the definition of precipitation
A powdery solid formed during a chemical reaction
44
What is the solvent
Liquid part which does the dissolving
45
Soluble
It can dissolve
46
What is the solute
The solid part which is dissolved
47
What is the solution
Mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
48
How do you find out the shape of a molecule
Working out the formula
49
What kinds of shapes of molecules can you get
Linear Bent Tetrahedral Pyramidal
50
What are diatomic molecules
Made up of 2 atoms
51
What are the 7 most common diatomic molecules
``` I2 Br2 Cl2 F2 O2 N2 H2 ```
52
What formula do you use to work out the rate of reaction
Rate = quantity/time
53
Why does a reaction slow up as it gets to the end
Because all of the reactants are used up
54
What is covalent bonding
When a pair of electrons share for the atom to become stable
55
What kinds of covalent bonds can you get
Single covalent bond Double covalent bond Triple covalent bond
56
What is an ion
A charged particle
57
What do metals have
A + charge
58
What do non-metals have
A - charge
59
What is ionic bonding
When the + metals are attracted to the - non metals
60
How is an ion formed
When the atom gains or looses electrons for the atom to become stable
61
What is the relative atomic mass
The average mass of isotopes
62
What pH does an acid have ?
Below 7
63
What is the pH of an alkali
Above 7
64
What is the pH of a neutral solution
7
65
The lower the pH of an acid what strength is it
Stronger
66
The higher the alkali pH number the
Stronger it is
67
Give examples and decide whether they are acid, alkali or neutral
``` Baking soda- alkali Vinegar- acid Bleach-alkali Water-neutral Alcohol -neutral Milk of magnesia -alkali Citrus fruits- acid ```
68
What can you use to measure the pH
pH paper or universal indicator
69
When soluble non metal oxides dissolve in water what is produced
Acids | Hydrogen ions
70
What gases cause acid rain
Sulfur dioxide | Nitrogen dioxide
71
What are some of the effects of acid rain
Corrodes buildings/statues | Turns lakes, soil acidic causing biodiversity to reduce
72
When soluble metal oxides/hydroxides dissolve in water what is produced ?
Alkali | Hydroxide ions
73
What is a neutralisation r action
When an acid reacts with a base and the solution turns neural
74
What is ALWAYS formed during a neutralisation reaction
Salt and water
75
Name the three main bases
Metal oxides Metal hydroxides Metal carbonates
76
Give everyday examples of neutralisation
Butting baking soda on a bee sting Putting vinegar on a wasp sting Taking indigestion tablets
77
Balance the equation CH4+O2=CO2+H20
Ch4+2o2=Co2+2H2o
78
What are spectator ions
Ions that have not been used in the reaction
79
When ammonia is dissolved in water, what is produced
Alkali
80
Alkalis are what..
Soluble bases
81
When an acid reacts with an alkaline what is formed
Salt and water
82
When a metal oxide reacts with acid what is formed
Salt and water
83
When metal carbonates react with acid what is formed
Salt Water Carbon dioxide
84
Every acid will produce its own what
Salt
85
What are spectator ions
Ions that are not actually involved in the reaction but can be seen unchanged at each side of the equation
86
What is dilution
When water is added to the acid/alkaline to make it weaker
87
When you add water to an acid what way on the pH scale does it go
Up towards 7
88
What is ammonia
It dissolves in water to produce an alkaline
89
Name the acid solutions
Hydrogen nitrate Hydrogen phosphate Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen sulfate
90
Name the alkali solutions
Calcium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide
91
What can a acid be added to for safety
Food
92
What are acids and alkalis
Ionic so they will conduct electricity
93
Acids have more what
Hydrogen ions
94
Alkalis have more what
Hydroxide ions
95
Why is a glass of water a poor conductor of electricity
Because it has equal amounts of Hydrogen and hydroxide ions
96
what is 1 mole the same as
1 gram formula mass

Chemistry - all topics (1 decks)

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