All Topics Quiz - The Big One! Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
What is the hardware within a computer system or smartphone which carries out the instructions of a computer program ?
A
The CPU
2
Q
What does CPU stand for?
A
Central processing unit
3
Q
When talking about a CPU what does ALU stand for?
A
Arithmetic logic unit
4
Q
What are the 3 main components of a CPU
A
Control unit - Memory unit - ALU
5
Q
When talking about a CPU what is the function of the ALU?
A
performs arithmetic and logical operations
6
Q
When talking about a CPU what is the function of the control unit?
A
extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them
7
Q
Complete the cycle of the CPU _ Fetch_..
A
Fetch - decode - execute
8
Q
Where does the CPU fetch instructions from
A
Main memory
9
Q
When talking about a computer system what is memory?
A
A temporary storage
10
Q
What 3 things might you find stored in Memory?
A
Instructions. Commands and the operating system
11
Q
What does RAM stand for?
A
Random Access Memory
12
Q
What does ROM stand for?
A
Read Only Memory
13
Q
What is stored in ROM?
A
The boot files for the computer
14
Q
Name 2 differences between RAM and ROM
A
RAM is Volatile. ROM is non Volatile. Contents of RAM change frequently. Contents of ROM never change
15
Q
What is the type of memory used in the main memory
A
RAM
16
Q
When referring to computer memory what is meant by Random Access?
A
You can write anywhere in that memory space at any time
17
Q
When discussing memory what is meant by volatile?
A
It requires power and loses its content if there is no power
18
Q
Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?
A
Volatile
19
Q
Where is the basic start up routine that is known as the boot sequence of a computer stored?
A
In the ROM
20
Q
What is virtual memory?
A
A part of the hard drive used as memory when memory has become full
21
Q
When would you need to use virtual memory?
A
If memory is full. When you want to open a program that doesn’t fit in remaining memory space.
22
Q
What does 3MGz mean?
A
It is the clockspeed of the computer. It can complete 3 million cycles per second
23
Q
How does cache size affect the performance of a computer?
A
The larger the size of the cache the more instructions can fit in it therefore the CPU can process instructions quicker
24
Q
A computer has a quad core processor. What does this mean?
A
The computer has 4 separate cores. Each is capable of running cycles. Therefore more cycles can be run simultaneously
25
Is ROM volatile or non-volatile?
Non-volatile
26
NOT (1) =
0
27
1 AND (NOT 1) =
0
28
1 OR ( 1 AND (NOT 0)) =
1
29
1 AND ((NOT 1) OR 1)=
1
30
What is a bit?
A single 1 or 0
31
What is a byte?
8 bits
32
How many bytes are in a kilobyte?
1024
33
How many kilobytes in a megabyte?
1024
34
How does having more RAM improve the performance of a computer?
It can load more programs and data at the same time
35
Finish the sequence bytes kilobytes\_\_
Megabyte - gigabyte - terabyte - petabyte
36
What is stored in the computer\_s ROM
The boot sequence (BIOS settings)
37
Name the type of secondary storage that is built into a computer system
Hard disk drive. Magnetic hard disk
38
Is a hard disk drive volatile or non volatile?
Non-volatile
39
What is optical storage?
CDs DVDs Bluray
40
What does CD-ROM stand for?
Compact disk read only memory
41
What is a CD ROM used for and why?
Music CDs software disks
42
What does DVD stand for?
Digital video disc
43
Who might use Flash Memory and why?
Anyone who needs to transfer data from one place to another
44
What type of memory does a USB stick use?
Flash memory or Solid State memory
45
Flash memory is also known as what?
Solid state memory
46
What does the SD stand for in SD card
Secure digital
47
What type of memory is used in smartphones and tablets?
Flash memory
48
What does the RW stand for in DVD-RW?
Re-writable
49
What is the difference between a DVD-R and a DVD-RW
DVD-R can only be written to once
50
What is the following type of network: One or more servers providing services to many clients
Client-Server network
51
Define a peer-to-peer network
All computers are equal. They serve the needs of the user as well as carrying out network functions
52
This device directs traffic though large networks such as the internet
Router
53
This device forwards packets only to the intended recipient
Switch
54
What does NIC stand for?
Network Interface Card
55
A computer must have this device to connect to a network
NIC
56
This device sends packets to every machine connected to it
Hub
57
What measurement comes after terabyte?
Petabyte
58
What type of data is held in a string?
Text or characters
59
What is an integer?
Whole numbers
60
What is a method of describing a program using proper English rather than a programming language
Pseudocode
61
What does PDF stand for?
Portable document format
62
What is a pixel?
The smallest element of an image _ dots that make up an image on a screen
63
How many bits does ASCII use?
7/8 bits (either is right)
64
How many bits does Unicode use?
16/32 bits (either is right)
65
State a difference between ASCII and unicode
ASCII uses 7 bits. Unicode 16 bits. ASCII can represent 127 characters. Unicode can represent many more
66
What do we call the list of characters a computer can represent
Character set
67
Give an example of metadata stored with an image
Height Width Resolution Colour depth date it was produced
68
What do we call the smallest part of an image
A pixel
69
What is the correlation between colour depth and bits per pixel and file size?
The more colours we use the more bits we need for each pixel the larger the file size.
70
What do we call the process of turning analogue sound into digital?
Sampling
71
What is the connection between sample rate and quality of sound and file size?
The higher the sample rate the better quality of file the larger the file size
72
What two parts is an instruction split into?
The operator (instruction part) and the operand (the data part)
73
What is software?
Programs that run on the computer
74
Give two forms of data validation
Length check - Type check - Range check - Presence check - Lookup check - Format check - Check digit
75
What is meant by a range check?
Data entered must be within a certain range eg date of birth between 01/01/1900 and 05/02/2014
76
Is double entry a form of Validation or Verification?
Verification
77
A database has 3 tables that are linked. This is known as a\_
Relational Database
78
Give 2 tasks that the DBMS allows us to do.
Protect data - run queries to extract data - keep data consistent -keep data accurate
79
Define an entity
A real world object about what we store data
80
Define a record
A row of fields about one entry in the table
81
Define a field
A single piece of data in a record
82
Define a primary key
A unique field which identifies the record and cannot be repeated.
83
A primary key which appears in a different table is known as a\_
Foreign Key
84
Why would we need a foreign key in a table?
To link 2 tables together in a relational database. It acts as a bridge between the tables.
85
List 2 tools provided by the DBMS
Tables - Forms - Reports - Queries - Modules
86
What language are websites generally written in?
HTML or HTML5
87
Why do we use compression when sending files over the Internet
Reduce transmission times and save storage space
88
What type of software is needed for a computer to communicate with a device such as a printer
Device driver _ driver software
89
Assembly language is also known as\_
A low level language
90
In what language do mnemonics make an appearance?
Assembly language
91
What type of language is Visual Basic?
A high level language
92
What language do machines understand?
Binary/Machine language
93
State two features of an IDE
Source code editor/error diagnostics and debugger/run-time environment/translator
94
A sequence is when\_
Instructions are executed one after the other
95
Selection is when\_
The path through the program is decided by looking at a condition (IF statement)
96
Iteration is when\_
The programs repeats commands until a critieria has been met (Loop)
97
What is the difference between a FOR loop and a WHILE loop
With a FOR loop we know how many times the loop will run before the code is run. With a WHILE loop the user can choose to stop the loop or keep repeating
98
What is the difference between a variable and a constant?
A variables value can change in the program. A constant cannot change
99
Where do we declare global variables
At the top of the program
100
Define an Array
A set of variables with the same name (identifier)
101
What is a variable?
An identifier that points to a place in memory
102
What is a syntax error
A mistake which breaks the grammar of the programming language
103
What is a logic error
The program will run however it does not give you the result you expected
104
Name a type of input device that could be used by someone who is blind
Braille keyboar - microphone (voice recognition)
105
What input devices would a central heating system use?
Temp sensor (thermometer) - timer - dial - keypad
106
Name 3 different types of printer
Ink jet - laser - 3d - plotter - dot matrix - thermal
107
Name 3 output devices that perform different functions
Printer monitor speakers actuators
108
Name a device to output sound
Speaker or headphones
109
What is an actuator?
Output device to produce physical movement
110
What am I: I am used to control wheelchairs and to remotely control lights or security cameras and robots. I am used in home entertainment systems like the XBOX and PS3.
Joystick _ games controller
111
What type of sensor is the XBOX Kinect
Motion sensor
112
What type of device is a digital camera?
Input device
113
What is an eye-typer?
A camera that tracks the movement of the eye and detect which key they are looking to gain input
114
Name a suitable input device for someone who cannot use their arms.
Eye typer. Foot mouse etc.
115
Name a suitable input device for blind people
Braille keyboard or microphone (voice recognition)
116
Name 2 features of a hard drive
Large capacity - fairly cheap - magnetic storage not portable
117
Name 2 features of a CD-ROM
Small and portable. It can be used on most devices. IS read only so cannot be copied over. Small capacity approximately 700MB
118
Name 2 features of a solid state drive
Very portable and good for carrying work.
119
Give an example of magnetic storage
Hard drive and magnetic tape
120
Give an example of optical storage
CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-RW etc
121
State 2 functions of an operating system
Provide a user interface. Provide a platform for applications to run. Perform memory management. Perform file/disk management
122
Name 2 different operating systems
Windows: iOS: Android: Linux: Ubuntu
123
Explain multi-tasking
Allows more than 1 process to run at the (apparently) same time in oprder to maximise computer resources.
124
Name 2 utility programs and their uses
System cleanup - (Searches for and) deletes files/programs which are no longer used. Automatic update - Checks on the (software manufacturer's site on the) Internet for newer versions of programs which are installed. Disk defrag - cleanup the hard drive - move files - Anti Virus
125
Why would a company need custom written software?
IF software does not exist to do the job the company wants. If the software that does exist doesn't do exactly what they need
126
What do we mean by Off the Shelf software?
Software that is available in shops
127
Give an example of off the shelf software
Excel. Access. Word etc
128
State two features of open source software
Is free to use. Lots of people contribute to it. Doesn't need a license
129
What does HTTP stand for?
Hypertext transfer protocol
130
What does HTTPS stand for
As above secure
131
What does LAN stand for?
Local area network
132
What is a WAN?
Wide area network
133
What numbers are used in binary?
1 and 0
134
State 2 differences between a LAN and a WAN
LAN is over a small geographical area. A WAN is over a large geographical area. LAN uses cables/wireless to transfer data. A WAN uses telephone system etc.
135
State 2 different LAN topologies
Bus - Ring - Star
136
What is the difference between a DVD-R and a DVD-RW
DVD-R can only be written to once
137
What is a solid state drive?
A form of flash memory. Portable storage that does not use magnetic tape like a HDD
138
What is cloud storage?
Online storage
139
How many times bigger is a terabyte to a gigabyte?
1024 or 1000
140
What type of memory is cheaper? Hard disk drive - optical storage - flash memory
Flash memory
141
What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of cloud storage
Cheap: automatically backed up - secure - extendable. Relies on internet access - requires password access; speed depends upon the internet connection speed
142
What is an input device?
A device used to get data into the computer system
143
What is an output device?
A device that displays or communicates the processed data
144
Do input devices deal with analogue or digital data?
Analogue
145
What type of input device would be used for data entry into a computer system?
A keyboard
146
What am I? I am used as a pointing device to point at objects on the screen and select items by clicking or double clicking
A mouse
147
There is a variation of a computer mouse. What is it called
A trackerball
148
What am I? I am used to record something analogue to convert it to digital and to be stored onto CDs or as MP3 files. I am an input device used to input sound.
Microphone
149
What am I? I am an input device used in supermarkets at checkouts at self service checkouts and by store workers to analyse the products on the shelves eg to check sell by dates. I scan something on the products to input it into the computer system
Barcode scanner
150
What devices are input AND output devices
Touchscreen
