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Organic Chem > Allene's > Flashcards

Allene's Flashcards

1
Q

Elimination of water from alcohols

A

Excess conc h2so4 180*
Conc h3PO4, 200-250*
Al2O3, 350*

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2
Q

Electrophilic addition of halogen

A

Br2(l) in CCl4/ Cl2(g) in ccl4

Absence of light, rt

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3
Q

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides

Hydrohalogenation

A

HCl, HI, HBr(g)

Room temp

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4
Q

Electrophilic addition of steam

Industrial

A

H2O(g)
H3PO4 as catalyst
300*, 60 atm

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5
Q

Electrophilic add of steam

Laboratory

A

Conc H2SO4 followed by H20(l), warm

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6
Q

Catalytic hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen)

A

H2, finely divided nickel, 200-300*, 4 ATM

Or platinum catalyst or palladium catalyst, rt and pressure

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7
Q

Strong oxidation

A

KMnO4 in dil H2SO4, heat under reflux

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8
Q

Mild oxidation

A

KMnO4 in aq Koh or naoh

Cold

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9
Q

Electrophilic sub of nitration to benzene

A

Conc Hno3 conc H2SO4

Reflux at 55*

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10
Q

Halogen atom (benzene)

A

X2

Fe filings or FeX3 or AlX3

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11
Q

Nitration of methylbenzene

A

Conc HNO3 Conc H2SO4

30*

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12
Q

Halogenation of methylbenzene

A 
X2 
Iron filings
FeX3
alX3
In the dark rt
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13
Q

Halogenation of side chain (methylbenzene

A

X2
Presence of Uv light
Heat

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14
Q

Oxidation of methylbenzene

A

Dil H2SO4, KMnO4

Heat under reflux

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15
Q

Formation of alcohol from RX

A

Naoh(aq) or koh(aq)

Heat under reflux

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16
Q

Formation of nitrile from RX

A

Ethanolic or alcoholic NACN (kcn) heat under reflux

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17
Q

RCOOH from RCN

A

Dil H2SO4

Heat under reflux

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18
Q

RCOO- from RCN

A

Aq NAOH

heat under reflux

19
Q

RCN to RCH2NH2

A

LiAl4 in dry ether

H2, nickel, 200-300/platinum and palladium rt

20
Q

RNH2 from RX

A

Excess conc NH3 In ethanol, heat in a sealed tube

21
Q

Elimination of HX From RX to form Allene

A

Ethanolic NAOH or KOH

Heat under reflux

22
Q

Reduction of aldehydes and ketone to alcohol

A

LiAL4, in dry ether
H2, Pt catalyst
Sodium borohydride (NABH4) in ethanol
Na in ethanol

23
Q

Reduction of carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LialH4 in dry ether

24
Q

Alcohol to alkoxide (RONa)

A

Na metal, rt

25
Q

Formation of ester via alcohol with cooh

A

Carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4(small limited)

Heat under reflux

26
Q

Alcohol and acid chlorides(ClCOR) to form ester

A

Acid chloride, rt

27
Q

Alcohol with hydrogen halide to form halogen halide

A

NaBr with conc H2SO4 heat under reflux

ZnCl2 and conc HCl heat under reflux

28
Q

Alcohol with PX3 or PX5

A

For RI: I2 + phosphorus, heat

PCL3, PCl5, anhydrous, rt

29
Q

Alcohol with thionyl chloride (SOCL2)

A

SOCL3, anhydrous rt

30
Q

Ethanolic koh(Naoh) heat under reflux

A

Removal of hydrogen halide

31
Q

Alcohol - tri iodomethane rxn

A

I2 (aq) with NAOH(aq), warm

Yellow solid of CHI3 formed

32
Q

Phenol with Na

A

Na metal, rt

33
Q

Phenol with base

A

NaOH(aq) rt

34
Q

Phenol to ester

A

Acid chlorides (CH3COCL) , rt

35
Q

Nitration for phenol

A

Dilute HNO3
Rt
concentrated -> trinitrophenol

36
Q

Bromination in phenol

A

Aq Bromine
Rt -> 246-trinitrophenol
Br (l) in CCl4 rt

37
Q

Aldehyde and ketone with HCN

A

HCN

Presence of catalyst (NACN or Kcn, or traces of base such as NAOH)

38
Q

Hydrolysis of Cyanohydrine (-COOH)

A

H20, dil HCL, heat

39
Q

Reduction of cyanohydrine (-CH2NH2

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether

40
Q

Oxidation of aldehyde by tollen reagent

A 
Complex of (Ag(NO3)2)+ in alkaline sol 
Silver formed
41
Q

Oxidation of aldehyde by fehling sol

A

Complex of Cu2+ in alkaline sol

42
Q

Aldehyde and ketone with 2-4 dinitrophenylhydrazinr

A

2,4 DNPH
dil H2SO4 as catalyst, warm

Yellow or orange crystalline solids

43
Q

Iodofoam reaction with aldehydes and ketones

A

Iodine in aq NAOH

Warm

Organic Chem (1 decks)

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