Allene's

Question 1

Elimination of water from alcohols

Answer 1

Excess conc h2so4 180*
Conc h3PO4, 200-250*
Al2O3, 350*

Question 2

Electrophilic addition of halogen

Answer 2

Br2(l) in CCl4/ Cl2(g) in ccl4

Absence of light, rt

Question 3

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides

Hydrohalogenation

Answer 3

HCl, HI, HBr(g)

Room temp

Question 4

Electrophilic addition of steam

Industrial

Answer 4

H2O(g)
H3PO4 as catalyst
300*, 60 atm

Question 5

Electrophilic add of steam

Laboratory

Answer 5

Conc H2SO4 followed by H20(l), warm

Question 6

Catalytic hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen)

Answer 6

H2, finely divided nickel, 200-300*, 4 ATM

Or platinum catalyst or palladium catalyst, rt and pressure

Question 7

Strong oxidation

Answer 7

KMnO4 in dil H2SO4, heat under reflux

Question 8

Mild oxidation

Answer 8

KMnO4 in aq Koh or naoh

Cold

Question 9

Electrophilic sub of nitration to benzene

Answer 9

Conc Hno3 conc H2SO4

Reflux at 55*

Question 10

Halogen atom (benzene)

Answer 10

X2

Fe filings or FeX3 or AlX3

Question 11

Nitration of methylbenzene

Answer 11

Conc HNO3 Conc H2SO4

30*

Question 12

Halogenation of methylbenzene

Answer 12

X2 
Iron filings
FeX3
alX3
In the dark rt

Question 13

Halogenation of side chain (methylbenzene

Answer 13

X2
Presence of Uv light
Heat

Question 14

Oxidation of methylbenzene

Answer 14

Dil H2SO4, KMnO4

Heat under reflux

Question 15

Formation of alcohol from RX

Answer 15

Naoh(aq) or koh(aq)

Heat under reflux

Question 16

Formation of nitrile from RX

Answer 16

Ethanolic or alcoholic NACN (kcn) heat under reflux

Question 17

RCOOH from RCN

Answer 17

Dil H2SO4

Heat under reflux

Question 18

RCOO- from RCN

Answer 18

Aq NAOH

heat under reflux

Question 19

RCN to RCH2NH2

Answer 19

LiAl4 in dry ether

H2, nickel, 200-300/platinum and palladium rt

Question 20

RNH2 from RX

Answer 20

Excess conc NH3 In ethanol, heat in a sealed tube

Question 21

Elimination of HX From RX to form Allene

Answer 21

Ethanolic NAOH or KOH

Heat under reflux

Question 22

Reduction of aldehydes and ketone to alcohol

Answer 22

LiAL4, in dry ether
H2, Pt catalyst
Sodium borohydride (NABH4) in ethanol
Na in ethanol

Question 23

Reduction of carboxylic acid to alcohol

Answer 23

LialH4 in dry ether

Question 24

Alcohol to alkoxide (RONa)

Answer 24

Na metal, rt

Question 25

Formation of ester via alcohol with cooh

Answer 25

Carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4(small limited) | Heat under reflux

Question 26

Alcohol and acid chlorides(ClCOR) to form ester

Answer 26

Acid chloride, rt

Question 27

Alcohol with hydrogen halide to form halogen halide

Answer 27

NaBr with conc H2SO4 heat under reflux | ZnCl2 and conc HCl heat under reflux

Question 28

Alcohol with PX3 or PX5

Answer 28

For RI: I2 + phosphorus, heat | PCL3, PCl5, anhydrous, rt

Question 29

Alcohol with thionyl chloride (SOCL2)

Answer 29

SOCL3, anhydrous rt

Question 30

Ethanolic koh(Naoh) heat under reflux

Answer 30

Removal of hydrogen halide

Question 31

Alcohol - tri iodomethane rxn

Answer 31

I2 (aq) with NAOH(aq), warm | Yellow solid of CHI3 formed

Question 32

Phenol with Na

Answer 32

Na metal, rt

Question 33

Phenol with base

Answer 33

NaOH(aq) rt

Question 34

Phenol to ester

Answer 34

Acid chlorides (CH3COCL) , rt

Question 35

Nitration for phenol

Answer 35

Dilute HNO3 Rt concentrated -> trinitrophenol

Question 36

Bromination in phenol

Answer 36

Aq Bromine Rt -> 246-trinitrophenol Br (l) in CCl4 rt

Question 37

Aldehyde and ketone with HCN

Answer 37

HCN | Presence of catalyst (NACN or Kcn, or traces of base such as NAOH)

Question 38

Hydrolysis of Cyanohydrine (-COOH)

Answer 38

H20, dil HCL, heat

Question 39

Reduction of cyanohydrine (-CH2NH2

Answer 39

LiAlH4 in dry ether

Question 40

Oxidation of aldehyde by tollen reagent

Answer 40

``` Complex of (Ag(NO3)2)+ in alkaline sol Silver formed ```

Question 41

Oxidation of aldehyde by fehling sol

Answer 41

Complex of Cu2+ in alkaline sol

Question 42

Aldehyde and ketone with 2-4 dinitrophenylhydrazinr

Answer 42

2,4 DNPH dil H2SO4 as catalyst, warm Yellow or orange crystalline solids

Question 43

Iodofoam reaction with aldehydes and ketones

Answer 43

Iodine in aq NAOH | Warm