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year 3 medicine > Allergic and Obstructive airways disease > Flashcards

Allergic and Obstructive airways disease Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is hyperpnoea?

A

Greater than baseline level of ventilation.
Can be normal e.g. to meet metabolic demand (exercise)

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3
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Increased breathing that exceeds metabolic demand and results in a reduction in alveolar and arteriolar pCO2

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4
Q

What cardiac causes are there for chronic breathlessness?

A

IHD, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, valvular, pericardial

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5
Q

What neuromuscular causes are there for chronic breathlessness?

A

Muscular dystrophies, MND, Poliomyelitis, Guillain Barre

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6
Q

What MSK causes are there for chronic breathlessness?

A

Kyphoscoliosis
Chest wall trauma

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7
Q

What endocrine causes are there for chronic breathlessness?

A

Thyroid goitre
Thyrotoxicosis

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8
Q

Acute, subacute and chronic breathlessness causes

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9
Q

What are the differentials for asthma?

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10
Q

What are some reasons for poor asthma control?

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11
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

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12
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

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13
Q

What is emphysema?

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14
Q

What are the differentials for COPD

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15
Q

What is Asthma/COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS)?

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16
Q

How is ACOS managed?

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17
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A
18
Q

Why is bronchiectasis often referred to as suppurative lung disease?

A

Lots of sputum that they can’t cough up, which acts as good culture medium for infections

19
Q

What is the aetiology of bronchiectasis?

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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of bronchiectasis?

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21
Q

What are the differentials for bronchiectasis?

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22
Q

What investigations would you do for bronchiectasis?

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23
Q
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23
Q

What is the management of bronchiectasis?

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24
Q

Which abx is started to prevent recurrent chest infections?

A

Azithromycin

25
Q

What is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)?

A

An exaggerated T-helper cell reaction to aspergillus fumigates

26
Q

What would show on a HRCT for ABPA?

A

Central bronchiectasis

27
Q

When would you suspect ABPA (Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis)?

A

In a patient with a long history of asthma not responding to inhaled therapy
e.g. SOB, productive cough, sputum plugs and recurrent infections

28
Q

What abnormal blood tests would you see in ABPA?

A

Peripheral eosinophilia
Increased IgE
Increased IgG to Aspergillus fumigatus

29
Q

How is ABPA managed?

A

year 3 medicine (10 decks)

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