Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 9 Week 4 > Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma-Hogan > Flashcards

Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma-Hogan Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is this:
Collection of symptoms from the nose and eyes occurring when the individual inhales an allergen to which he is sensitized. When do symptoms occur and what are the hallmark features?

A

Symptoms may occur both early and late. A hallmark feature is itch or sneeze.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(blank) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by obstruction of airflow

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F

asthma may be completely or paritally reverse with or without specific therapy.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

More than half of all asthmatics develop asthma before (blank) years old

A

3 (but now adult epidemic is being appreciated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F

multiple triggers are possible even in the same adult

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who gets asthma the most?

A

males predominate in children, females in adult onset asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does an anitgen bind to which causes an allergy? What do these release?

A

basophil and mast cells

Mediators of inflammation and cellular inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the early phase of allergy look like and how long does it last?

A

15-20 minutes

congestion, sneezing/pruitus, secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the mediators of inlammation do?

A

bring in eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils which triggers the late phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long does the late phase of asthma last?

A

4-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is tree season?
Grass season?
Weed season?

A

easter day
memorial day
labor day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the predominant cell in the early phase? the late phase? the chronic phase?

A

mast cell
eosinophils
lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After inhalation of allergen into the lung what happens?

A

the early phase of asthma is initiated by allergen binding to a specific IgE on mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Once an allergen binds to a IgE on a mast cells what happens?

A

histamine release occurs and bronchoconstriction follows and cellular cytokines are released in the early phase creating a drop in FEV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

THe late phase of allergy response is initiated by influx of (blank) responding to mast cell released cytokine signals. What will this result in?

A

Eosinophils

A second drop in FEV1 occcurs several hours after initial allergen exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With continual exposure to allergen comes frequent drop in (Blank) and ongoing symptoms.
What other cell participates in the chronice phase (repeated exposire)?

A

pulmonary function

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to your airways during an asthma attack?

A

airway edema w/ secretions and constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In a person with asthma, what will their airways look like?

A

Have an eosinophilic infiltrate and thickening of airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the immediate symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A 
Itch can occur in the nose, mouth, eyes, throat, ears
Anosmia (loss of sense of smell)
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Tearing Eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the late rhinits symptoms after allergen is inhaled?

A
  • congestion
  • coughing
  • clogged/popping ears
  • anosmia
  • sore throat
  • shiners
  • fatigue/sleepiness/malaie
  • headache
  • mouth breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the physical exam findings of allergic rhinitis?

A

-Allergic shiners (caused by vasodilation or nasal congestion)
-Nasal crease (causd by repeated upward rubbing of top of nose)
Nasal exam: swollen (boggy) nasal turbinates with a pale, bluish-gray color
Ocular exam: injection and swelling of palpebral conjunctivae with excess tear production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for asthma in children?

A
  • sinusitis
  • adenoidal hypertrophy
  • anatomic nasal variations
  • cystic fibrosis (polyps)
  • immotile cilia (kartageners)
  • tic cough
  • non allergic rhinitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is non allergic rhinits?

A

Anything from infectious to a reaction with the environment that is not an allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If you see a (blank) in a child it is CF until proven otherwise

A

polyp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the complications of allergic rhinitis?
``` Sinusitis Vernal Conjunctivitis (25% can have vision loss from this) Recurrent OM Eustachian tube dysfunction Worsening AD Worsening asthma Sleep apnea (adenoidal obstruction) ```
26
How does vernal conjunctivitis present?
photophobia and sticky mucus threads and cobbling in conjunctiva.
27
What is the cumulative prevlanence rate of AR?
20%
28
What is the mean number of allergens that pediatric patrients are sensitized to?
3
29
(blank) percent of patients have persistent rhinitis with 2/3 moderate to severe form
73%
30
Are children likely to have seasonal allergies
no more likely to have year round symptoms due to encountering different aeroallergens throughout the year
31
Lowest asthma symptoms was (blank) Prevalence of wheeze was 32% in summer and 56% in fall (blank) AR associated with increase risk of uncontrolled asthma during the (blank) Presence of eczema was associated with higher risk of uncontrolled asthma during (blank) Why is the wheeze the worst in fall?
summer fall spring autumn because of start of allergy season and school seaseon
32
169 asthmatic patients enrolled and 49 children were less than 1 year of age. Skin test evaluation performed. 28.5% (blank) allergic 10.2% (blank) allergic 10.2 % (blank) allergic 4% (blank) 0% (blank)
``` Cock Roach Dust Mite cat alternaria (fungus) dog ```
33
What children had the most pollen allergies with their asthma?
3 and 4 your olds
34
(blank) tests to outdoor allergens at baseline was the single most important predictive factor for incidence and persistence past puberty for allergic rhinitis and asthma. ie. this well tell you what children will remain asthmatics as adults
Positive skin tests
35
What is the most likely way to get asthma and AR?
2/3 get AR first then asthma
36
``` Developmentally the (blank) occur together. Therefore they share pathophysiologic pathways in common. For subjects with AR and asthma: the 49% taking nasal glucocorticosteriods had (blank) ER visits and hospitalizations ```
nose/lung | less
37
Allergic rhinitis patients treated with (blank) have improvement in both rhinitis symptoms (expected) and bronchial reactivity/asthma symptom scores
nasal steroids
38
(blank) is major allergen in rural and inner city and is linked to asthma severity.
Cockroach
39
12% of children with asthma allergic to (blank)…this allergy linked to increased asthma severity in the inner city.
mice
40
In the east, when are the most allergies?
monosoonal/hurrican season due to dust mites and mold
41
Do we get DM and mold allergies in the desert?
not really but if you have a swamp cooler you can
42
Name that region: | allergies to grass pollen, ash pollen, hazel pollen, plantain pollen
Rural
43
Name that region: | ornamental tree pollen
urban
44
If you have no redness or itch with a skin rash, what does this indicate?
not an allergic reaction
45
What is the first step in allergy treatment?
removal of allergen, start pharm therapy prior to season (cuz once mast cells are activated AR/asthma is hard to control)
46
What is a syrup that is over the counter and a good tx for Allergic rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis managment? How often do you give it?
Cetrizine | once daily
47
What is this: an oral suspension or tablet that doesnt cause sedation and is given 1-2 two times a day. It is used for allergic rhinits or allergic conjunctivits?
Fexofenadine
48
What is this: This antihistamine is not as efficacious as fexofenadine/cetirizine…although non-sedating. What is this: This is found in every house in american but is not very effective for allergies, it is very sedative What is this: Available on medicaid formulary. Sedation less than diphenhydramine 4x/day
Loratidine Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine
49
What is this: You put in a nostril and is for allergic rhinitis or non allergic rhinitis. Tastes bad but works well. Rapid onset of action Nose bleed as side effect, rare sedation Shown to also improve AC symptoms.
Azelastine nasal spray
50
What should you give for Allergic conjunctivitis?
Cromolyn Olopatadine Ketotifen
51
What is used as pretreatment for AR "cat kit"
cromolyn
52
What is this: | for allergic rhinits and asthma, Kids love it. once daily.
Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)
53
``` What is this: princess nose spray (smells like roses) OTC steroid best as maintenance therapy ```
Fluticasone nasal spray (topical steroids)
54
(blank) is the only immunomodulatory therapy which is FDA approved AND induces fairly permanent tolerance. Reduces risk of developing asthma in AR children by 40%. Reduces risk of broadening allergic sensitization further.
Allergy Immunotherapy
55
Which of the following allergy immunotherpaies can cause anaphylaxis: SCIT or SLIT? Which only gives one allergen? Which one is more efficacious?
SCIT SLIT SCIT
56
(blank) cells induce peripheral tolerance to allergens
T reg
57
(blank) T reg cells control the allergen specific immune response via suppression of: Dendritic cells that support generation of effector T cells TH1, TH2, TH17 effector cells Allergen specific IgE and induction of IgG4. Suppression of bone marrow derived cells to tissues Skew dendritic cells towards IL-10/suppressor presentation.
CD4+/CD25+
58
In asthma, Eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation exists in children and adults. Younger children more likely (blank) driven.
viral
59
As an infant, asthma is may or may not be triggered by an (blank). But as an adult it is triggered by (blank)
allergy | allergy
60
When do you have wheezes in small children?
E>I

Block 9 Week 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions