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Paediatrics and Child Health > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What types of food allergy are there?

A
  1. IgE mediated food allergy
  2. Non-IgE mediated food allergy
  3. Non-allergic food hypersensitivity
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2
Q

What are the clinical features of mild IgE mediated food allergy?

A

Mild = Skin

  1. Urticaria & Itchy Skin
  2. Facial swelling
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3
Q

What are the clinical features of severe IgE mediated food allergy?

A

Severe = Airway + Systemic

  1. Wheeze
  2. Stridor
  3. Abdominal Pain, Vomiting. Diarrhoea
  4. Shock, Collapse
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4
Q

What are the clinical features of non-IgE mediated food allergy?

A
  1. Loose Stools
  2. Faltering Growth
  3. Elimination of food results in resolution of symptoms–> Symptoms return on reintroduction
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5
Q

What are the clinical features of non-allergic food hypersensitivity?

A

Diarrhoea and Vomiting

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6
Q

Describe the course of diarrhoea and vomiting in non-allergic food hypersensitivity

A

Diarrhoea–> continues for several weeks

Vomiting–> Settles quickly

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7
Q

How do you investigate IgE mediated food allergy?

A
  1. Skin-prick test

2. Blood test for specific IgE antibodies

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8
Q

How do you investigate for non-IgE mediated food allergy?

A
  1. Hx and Examination

2. Endoscopy & Intestinal biopsy–> Presence of eosinophillic infiltrates

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9
Q

How do you investigate for non-allergic food hypersensitivity?

A

take stool samples and test for reducing substances

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10
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy in general?

A

Exclusion of relevant food under dietician supervision, followed by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge

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11
Q

How do you manage food allergy?

A
  1. Avoidance of relevant food
  2. Written self-management plans
  3. Non-sedating antihistamines
  4. Epipen (if high risk or severe reaction)
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12
Q

What are the clinical features of Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Coryzal Symptoms + Conjunctivitis

Mouth breathing
Pale/swollen inferior nasal turbinates
Hyperinflated chest/ Harrison Sulci

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13
Q

What other conditions is Allergic Rhinitis associated with?

A
  1. Eczema
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Adenoidal Hypertrophy
  4. Asthma
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14
Q

How do you manage Allergic Rhinitis?

A
  1. 2nd generation non-sedating antihistamines
  2. Topical corticosteroid
  3. Cromoglycate eye drops
  4. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist–> Montelukast
  5. Nasal decongestants

***DO NOT USE SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS

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15
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Severe, life-threatening, generalised/systemic hypersensitivity reaction

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16
Q

What causes anaphylaxis?

A
  1. Food allergy (85%)
  2. Insect stings
  3. Drugs
  4. Latex
  5. Exercise
  6. Inhalant allergens
17
Q

How does anaphylaxis present?

A
  1. Airway–> swelling, hoarseness, stridor
  2. Breathing–> Tachypnoea, Wheeze, Cyanosis, sPO2 <92%
  3. Circulation–> Pale, calmmy, hypotension, drowsy, coma
  4. Skin–> Urticaria/ Angioedema
18
Q

How do you manage anaphylaxis?

A

***Adrenaline 1:1000 IM (EPIPEN)

Additionally:

  1. Establish airway
  2. High flow oxygen
  3. IV fluids
  4. Chlorphenamine IM
  5. Hydrocortisone IM/Slow IV
  6. Salbutamol
19
Q

How do you prevent anaphylaxis?

A
  1. Allergen Avoidance
  2. Written management plan
  3. carry Epipen at all times

Paediatrics and Child Health (5 decks)

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