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CP2 = Core Immunology > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Allergy

A

Damaging ~fatal reaction made by normal immune system against non-harmful antigens in a pre-sensitised host.

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2
Q

What is a cytotoxic allergic response?

A

IgG/IgM antibody against combined self + foreign antigen at the cell surface.

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3
Q

What is the onset of a cytotoxic allergic response?

A

Mins to hours

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4
Q

What does a cytotoxic allergic response cause?

A

Cell lysis and necrosis

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5
Q

What is a common antigen in a cytotoxic allergic reaction?

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

What type of allergic reaction are Erythroblastosis Fetalis and Goodpasture’s nephritis assc with?

A

Type 2: Cytotoxic

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7
Q

What is an immune allergic response?

A

Antibody response against soluble antigen

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8
Q

How long does an immune allergic response last for?

A

3-8 hours

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9
Q

What disease is associated with immune allergic responses?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythmatous

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10
Q

What is a delayed allergic response?

A

T cell mediated, antigen specific cytotoxicity.

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11
Q

What is different about Delayed response to immune and allergic?

A

Delayed doesn’t use antibodies.

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12
Q

What is the onset of delayed allergic response? (Hint: Look at it’s name)

A

DELAYED ~48/72 hrs

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13
Q

What are the common antigens for delayed allergic response?

A

> Metal- nickel

> Tuberculin

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14
Q

What disease is assc with delayed allergic response?

A

Contact dermititis

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15
Q

What activates B cells in Type 1 allergic response?

A

Th2 cells

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16
Q

What antibody do B cells make in a Type 1 allergic response?

A

IgE

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17
Q

What are the immune responses to parasitic disease? (HARD)

A

> Incr IgE - pathogen specific
Tissue inflammation - Eosinophilia, mastocytosis and basophil infiltration.
CD4+ T cells secreting IL4, 5, 13.

18
Q

What is the Hygiene hypothesis?

A

Give pro-biotics to pregnant women, microbe = protective effect. Lower atopic condition probability.

19
Q

What is an atopic condition?

A

A hypersensitive allergic response that occurs in area not touched by allergen.

20
Q

What mechanisms does the Hygiene hypothesis use?

A

> Th1/Th2 deviation

> Antigenic competition

21
Q

What does Th1 stimulate?

A

Infection management

22
Q

What does Th2 stimulate?

A

Allergy

23
Q

Is allergy a polygenic or monogenic disease?

A

Polygenic

24
Q

What are allergens?

A

Antigens that initiate an IgE-mediated response.

25
Q

How is IgE made?

A

Th2 make IL4 –> stimulate B cell –> Make IgE.

26
Q

What is a sensitised mast cell?

A

Mast cell with IgE antibody.

27
Q

What happens in an IgE mediated allergic response?

A

Basophil degranulation –> inflammatory mediator release

28
Q

What is the onset of IgE mediated allergic response?

A

15-30 mins - fast

29
Q

What does the late phase response of IgE allergic response release?

A

Arachidonic acid –> Leukotrienes and Prostaglandins.

30
Q

What are the roles of the Th2 cell?

A

> Multiple cytokine release
Part of innate inflammatory response
Drives Ig production

31
Q

What three diseases form the Atopic triad?

A

> Asthma
Rhinitis
Eczema

32
Q

What symptoms does Rhinitis give?

A

> Blocked nose

> Runny nose - assc w/ eye symptoms

33
Q

What is the treatment of Rhinitis? (Hint: hayfever)

A

Anti-histamines and nasal steroids

34
Q

What are the symptoms of Asthma?

A

> Airway constriction
Airway inflammation
Hypersensitivity

35
Q

What does the late phase response of asthma do to the airways?

A

Damage, makes them hypersensitive to non-allergens (e.g fumes)

36
Q

What are the three things used to treat allergic responses?

A

> Anti-histamines
Steroids
Adrenaline (life saving)

37
Q

What is the specific therapy for allergic responses?

A

Immunotherapy (sub cut. or sub ling.)

38
Q

What GI symptoms can a food allergy cause?

A

> Vomiting

> Diarrhoea

39
Q

What respiratory symptoms can a food allergy cause?

A

> Bronchospasm

> Rhinitis

40
Q

What cutaneous symptoms can a food allergy cause?

A

> Urticaria (hives)

> Angioedema

41
Q

What is the most serious symptoms of a food allergy?

A

Anaphylaxis

CP2 = Core Immunology (7 decks)

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