Allergy and Immunology

Question 1

opsonization

Answer 1

AB binds to pathogen –> tag for phagocytosis

Question 2

What cells do B cells differentiate into?

Answer 2

Memory cells

Effector cells = plasma cells

Question 3

Function of effector cells

Answer 3

produce AB

Question 4

Function of memory cells

Answer 4

has receptor that recognize pathogens

Question 5

Function of MHC 2 in phagocytosis

Answer 5

B cell takes in antigen –> present on surface w/MHC2 complex –> mark for phagocytosis and recognized by helper T cells

Question 6

MHC 1

Answer 6

on all nucleated cells

tag as healthy or not

Question 7

What do activated helper T cells do?

Answer 7

replicate and differentiate into memory and effector helper T cells

Question 8

What do effector helper T cells do?

Answer 8

release cytokines

Question 9

cytotoxic T cell function

Answer 9

recognize MHC1 complexes showing infections –> direct attack or cause bad cell to destroy itself

Question 10

What cell is attracted to MHC 1 complex and what does it do?

Answer 10

CD4 helper T cells –> activates B cell and release cytokines

Question 11

What cell is attracted to MHC 2 complex and what does it do?

Answer 11

CD8 cytotoxic T cells –> kill bad cells

Question 12

What type of immunity are NK cells and what is its function?

Answer 12

innate immunity, FAST

release chemicals/cytokines to destroy cell, against viral infections

Question 13

pus is formed from

Answer 13

dead neutrophil at site of infection

Question 14

leukocytosis

Answer 14

high levels of WBC

Question 15

leukocytopenia

Answer 15

low level of WBC

Question 16

immunoglobulin associated with allgeric rxns and what does it do?

Answer 16

IgE: activate mast cell –> release histamines, attract eosinophils

Question 17

immunoglobulin in breast milk

Answer 17

IgA

Question 18

which immunoglobulin crosses placenta to fetus?

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

What immunoglobulin is deficient in celiac disease?

Answer 19

IgA

Question 20

Function of phagocytes

Answer 20

1. engulf and break up pathogen (innate immunity)

2. attach pathogen peptides to MHC2 and attach at surface –> SPECIFIC immunity

Question 21

What is the effect of innate immune response?

Answer 21

inflammation

Question 22

DiGeorge Syndrome TRIAD

Answer 22

Absent thumus
Absent parathyroids (hypocalcemia)
Tetralogy of Fallot (cardiac)

Question 23

DigGeorge Syndrome facial characteristics

Answer 23

abnormal facies
cleft palate
flat nasal bridge
upturned nose

Question 24

Hyper IgM syndrome lab findings

Answer 24

High IgM 350-1000mg/dl
IgA, IgG very low
neutropenia

Question 25

Cause of hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 25

CD4 T cell defect in signaling

Question 26

Lab findings of IgA deficiency

Answer 26

5 mg/dL IgA

Question 27

"Bubble boy" disorder

Answer 27

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 28

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) characteristic

Answer 28

NO T and B cell function

Question 29

SCID treatment

Answer 29

PCP prophylaxis IVIg Stem cell transplant

Question 30

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Triad

Answer 30

eczema thrombocytopenia recurrent infections

Question 31

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome dysfunction

Answer 31

T cell dysfunction

Question 32

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton Syndrome)

Answer 32

no mature B cells in peripheral --> affects AB production tyrosine kinase deficiency Deficient IgG/M/A

Question 33

Who is affected by X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton Syndrome)

Answer 33

boys

Question 34

What is missing in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton Syndrome)

Answer 34

NO TONSILS, ADENOIDS, peripheral nodes

Question 35

In which diseases might Complement testing be most helpful?

Answer 35

diagnose angioedema

Question 36

Which of the types of WBCs might you expect to see in a patient with allergies?

Answer 36

eosinophils

Question 37

What specific tests may be used to check B cell function?

Answer 37

quantitative serum immunoglobulins via protein electrophoresis

Question 38

What specific tests may be used to check T cell function?

Answer 38

TREC analysis CBCDI Anergy panels

Question 39

What types of allergy testing will and will not elicit an immune response in your patient?

Answer 39

RAST/ELISA - wont bc testing serum | Skin prick/patch - will

Question 40

What types of medications might interfere with results of allergy testing?

Answer 40

H1/H2 anti-histamines | glucocorticoids

Question 41

What is anergy?

Answer 41

lack of reaction by immune system to antigen (but previously could)

Question 42

quantitative serum immunoglobulins

Answer 42

electrophoresis patterns shows hallmark of chronic diseases

Question 43

How long should you wait after receiving blood product to gt vaccine?

Answer 43

3 weeks

Question 44

How long should you wait after receiving blood product to get vaccine?

Answer 44

3 weeks

Question 45

what type of vaccine is rotavirus

Answer 45

oral and live