Allerigies/Immune

Question 1

Immunoglobulins

Answer 1

• Antibodies formed by the lymphocytes and plasma cells
• 5 Groups (IgE, IgI,IgG, IgM, IgA)
• IgM, IgG, IgA – well defined protective functions
• IgE involved in allergic reactions

Question 2

Allergic Disorders:

Answer 2

• Anaphylaxis
• Allergic Rhinitis
• Contact Dermatitis
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Dermatitis Medicamentosa
• Urticaria and Angioneurotic Edema
• Hereditary Angioedema
• Food Allergy
• Latex Allergy

Question 3

Hypersensitivity

Answer 3

Anaphylactic (Type I)

Cytoxic (Type II)

Immune complex (Type III)

Delayed type (Type IV)

Question 4

Anaphylaxis casued by?

Answer 4

• bug bites
• food
• drug

Question 5

s/s of anaphylaxis

Answer 5

• stridor (high pitched wheezing)
• dilated pupils
• angioedema
• low BP
• locally: hives & edema
• shock can occur

Question 6

Interventions for anaphylaxis

Answer 6

• give oxygen
• epi. 1-1000 IV
• steroids
• expanders
• aminophylline (drug)

Question 7

How quickly until you see reaction of anaphylaxis?

Answer 7

Within minutes

Question 8

Cytoxic reaction

Answer 8

• transfusion reaction
• newborn Rh problem
• thrombocytolia

Question 9

Immune complex reaction

Answer 9

joitnt, kidney serum sickness

Question 10

delayed type reaction

Answer 10

• can be up to 3 days
• tissue damage caused by dermatitis, hashimoto
• an example could be TB skin test

Question 11

Diagnostics of allergies

Answer 11

Blood work 
 -CBC with differential
 -Eosinophil Count (increase 15-40%)
 -Total Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels (increased = 
  allergic reaction)
Skin tests
 -Intradermal
 -Prick (with contaminated needle)
 -Scratch (drop medicine on skin)
Provocative testing
 -give allergin and look for reaction
 -use for pt with multiple allergies
Radioallergosorbent Testing
 -tests for specific IgE allergies

Question 12

immediate clinical manifestations of allergies:

Answer 12

Skin – Uticaria (hives)

Respiratory - wheezing

Question 13

Delayed clinical manifestations of allergies

Answer 13

• Contact S/S
• Vesicular lesions
• Papules
• Edema
• Crusting
• Thickening of skin

Question 15

Latex Allergy

Answer 15

Allergy to natural rubber products

“Popular” among health care workers

At risk - patients esp. surgical procedures

Question 16

Cross allergies for someone with a latex allergy?

Answer 16

banana, kiwi, avocado, pineapple, passion fruit, chestnuts

Question 16

Routes of exposure for latex allergy:

Answer 16

• cutaneous (through skin)
• per-cutaneous (puncture through skin)
• mucosal
• parenteral
• aerosol

Question 17

Patient management of latex allergy

Answer 17

Avoidance - May need to quit working in environment

Warning labels/bracelets

Question 18

Drug management of latex allergy

Answer 18

• Antihistamines
• Epinephrine
• Mast cell stabilizers
• Steroids
• Immunotherapy

Question 19

*Nursing management of latex allergy

Answer 19

• Screen for allergy
• No exposure
• Teaching

Question 20

Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 20

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosis(SLE)
• Scleraderma
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Guillian Barre’
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Type I Diabetes

Question 21

Tissues affected by autoimmunity:

Answer 21

• brain
• bones
• muscles
• skin
• lungs
• nerves
• gi tract
• blood
• thyroid

Question 22

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Answer 22

• increased production of auto antibodies
• can cause major organ failure
• cannot predict progression

Question 23

Types of Lupus

Answer 23

• SLE (80-85% of pts

- Discoid LE - skin only (10-15% of pts)

Question 24

Causes of Lupus

Answer 24

• drug induced
• genetics and hormonal
• radiation
• sunburn
• heat stroke

Question 25

Discoid LE

Answer 25

- more common in woman - african american and asian - butterfly rash is a sign - photosensitive