Allophonic Variation of Place Flashcards
What is the term for a sound produced further back than the label suggests?
Retraction (eg. in “pinch”)
What is the symbol for retraction?
/_/
What is the name for a sound that is produced further forward than the label suggests?
Advancement (eg. /k/ in “key”)
What is the symbol for advancement?
/+/
When do labiodental productions occur?
When there is a bilabial sound followed by a labiodental sound and the bilabial sound also becomes labiodental.
What is primary and secondary articulation?
2 simultaneous structures but one is of a lower degree than the other.
ie. Primary= tongue at alveolar ridge for /s/ and Secondary= lips rounded for /s/ in “so”
What are the secondary articulations?
Labialisation, palatalisation, velarisation, glottal reinforcement
Secondary: What is labialisation and what is the symbol?
The addition of lip rounding.
/w/ (but small)
Secondary: When does labialisation occur?
- Occurs in English due to context-
appears before a rounded vowel or /w/. - Also occurs in other languages to distinguish between two consonants (eg. Twi in Ghana)
Secondary: What is palatalisation and what is the symbol?
Addition of tongue body articulation. Raising tongue body (dorsum) towards har palate.
/j/ (but small)
Secondary: When does palatalisation occur?
- In English due to context.
- In other languages can change meaning of the word (eg. Russian)
Secondary: What is velarisation and what is the symbol?
Addition of back tongue articulation. Raising of back tongue (like /u/).
Secondary: When does velarisation occur?
- In English due to context and accent. Dark /l/ in “fell”
- In Russian changes meaning of the word.
Secondary: What is glottal reinforcement?
Production of a glottal plosive just before a voiceless plosive.
