Allusions and Literary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Artful Dodger

A

From Dickens’s Oliver Twist
Now a name for any skillful crook

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2
Q

Augean stables

A

Greek mythology
Now refers to anything very difficult to clean up, figuratively or actually

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3
Q

Belling the cat

A

From an old fable and Piers Plowman
Now someone who has the courage to stick his neck out for his friends despite putting himself at risk

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4
Q

Big Brother is watching you

A

Orwells 1984
Now refers to any ruler/gov. that tries to dictate, eavesdrop, or gather personal info. on its citizens

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5
Q

Bligh

A

Nordhoff, Hall, and an actual British Naval Officer involved in mutinees
Now any person who is cruel, unreasonable, and tyrannical

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6
Q

Brahmin

A

Oliver Wendell Holmes and friends were referred to as this
Now refers to any socially prominent amd intellectually refined individual

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7
Q

Brave New World

A

From Huxley’s Brave New World
Often used sarcastically or ironically to depict “advances” in society that may lead to humanity’s ruin

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8
Q

Byronic

A

(After Lord Byron) George Gordon, Lord Byron
Now refers to any person like Byron himself or whose writing includes handsome, sad, brooding, and appealing characters like Byron’s

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9
Q

Catch-22

A

From Hellers Catch-22
Lose lose situation, lose no matter what side you take

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10
Q

Chesire Cat

A

From Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland
Now refers to people who grin a lot like the Chesire cat

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11
Q

Damon and Pythias

A

From Greek legends
Now refers to any close friends

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12
Q

Dantesque

A

(After Dante)
Now any writing resembling Dante’s epic scope, vivid detail, and allegory

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13
Q

Dickensian

A

(After Dickens)
Now refers to situations or writings similar to Dicken’s novels showing the poverty, misery, and injustice of Victorian England

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14
Q

Dog in the manger

A

From an old fable
Now refers to anyone who tries to spoil something for someone else even though it is of no use to the spoiler

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15
Q

Don Juan

A

From Tellez’s El Burlador de seville and Byrons epic poem Don Juan
Now refers to a man who is a playboy or philander

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16
Q

Dorian Gray

A

From Wilde’s The picture of Dorian Gray
Refers to anyone who clings to youth and is afraid of aging

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17
Q

Everyman

A

From the old play Everyman
Referred to and refers to every man, or all men

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18
Q

Faulknerian

A

(After Faulkner)
Refers to writings, characters, or settings similar to Faulkners, which featured characters driven byhidden forces beyond their control, plots of tragic violence, and set in the south

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19
Q

Faustian

A

From a body of literature works
A Faustian bargain is one where one sacrifices everything for immediate gratification, but pays later

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20
Q

For whom the bell tolls

A

From Donne’s Devotions
“No man is an island”, all people share a common fate,“Never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee”

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21
Q

Gatsby

A

From Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby
Someone who gives in to his own fantasies and obsessions and represents ostentatious and lavish living

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22
Q

Gilded age

A

From Twain and Warners The Gilded Age
Phrase has come to denote the post-Civil War era.

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23
Q

Heart of darkness

A

From Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness
Now refers to the dark side of the human soul

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24
Q

Holy Grail

A

From Arthurian and Christian legends
In current usage signifies any difficult or possibly unattainable quest

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25
Q

Homeric

A

After Homer
Now refers to anything that is larger than life

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26
Q

Horatio Alger

A

From Horatio Alger’s stories
Now refers to anyone who makes good after being born into a life of poverty

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27
Q

Kafkaesque

A

Franze Kafka’s writings
Now refers to any literature or situation similar to characters who are thwarted by red tape and authoritarian bureaucracies

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28
Q

Spithead and Nore

A

Locations of mutiny
Now allude to mutiny

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29
Q

Lord Nelson

A

England’s most renowned naval hero
Alludes to heroism, particularly military

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30
Q

Montaigne

A

Philosopher beliving that man can find truth in the universe despite being victim to customs, prejudice, and self-interest
Alludes to his basic philosophy

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31
Q

Last hurrah

A

From O’Connor’s novel The Last Hurrah
Has come to stand for the final action of a person before the end of a career

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32
Q

Leviathan

A

From Book of Job
Today anything that is huge and monstrous

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33
Q

Lilliputtian

A

From Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels
Now anything that is tiny and can control something larger than itself

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34
Q

Machiavellian

A

From Machiavelli’s The Prince
Now refers to anyone who is merciless, clever, and unethical to obtain goals

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35
Q

Man for all seasons

A

After Thomas More
Now is any respected person who stands up for his ideals under pressure

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36
Q

Moby Dick

A

From Melville’s Moby Dick
Now refers to any monstrous obsession

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37
Q

Munchkin

A

From Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Now used to describe a physically small person, often affectionately

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38
Q

Noble savage

A

From Jean Jacques Rousseau’s writings
Refers to an uncultivated person who is really more worthy and sensible than some of his or her ‘civilized’ counterparts

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39
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

Greek mythology
A child’s powerful erotic attachment to the parent of opposite gender, creating rivalry with that of the same gender

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40
Q

Orwellian

A

After Orwell
Now refers to anything bleak and oppressive, especially a political situation

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41
Q

Pilgrim’s progress

A

From Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress
Now anyone who overcomes worldly problems is said to have made a pilgrim’s progress

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42
Q

Platonic love

A

From Plato’s Symposium
Any strong but non-lover affinity for another is called platonic

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43
Q

Promethean

A

From Greek mythology
Now refers to a person who is independent, defiant of authority, and willing to make sacrifices for his beliefs

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44
Q

Pygmalion

A

From Greek mythology
Any story where a mentor takes on a pupil, remakes the person, then falls in love with the resulting creation is compared to the Pygmalion myth

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45
Q

Queeg

A

From Wouk’s The Caine Mutiny
Has come to denote any petty, incompetent person in a leadership position

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46
Q

Quixotic

A

From Cervantes’s Don Quixote
Now any one who pursues idealized, impractical goals is called this

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47
Q

Rube Goldberg

A

Anything that makes a simple task seem complicatedis compared to a Rube Goldberg contraption.

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48
Q

Runyonesque

A

Dmaon Runyons writings
Now refers to any underworld or even a personable or likeable rogue

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49
Q

Shangri-la

A

Hilton’s Lost Horizons
Now has come to mean any idyllic place

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50
Q

Shot heard around the world

A

Emerson’s Concord Hymn
Now refers to any dramatic statement or action that begins something important or greatly influences something later

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51
Q

Silent Spring

A

Carson’s Silent Spring
Now refers towards any ecological calamity

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52
Q

Socratic method

A

Socrates/Plato
Refers to the method of Q&A teaching versus lectures

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53
Q

Svengali

A

DuMaurier’s Trilby
Now anyone who has (or tries to obtain) power over someone else through strength of personality is this

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54
Q

Tabula rasa

A

Latin “blank slate”
Means that the mind is blank, fresh, unsullied, and ready to be inscribed with knowledge

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55
Q

Tweedledum and Tweedledee

A

Carroll’s Through the Looking Glass
Now denotes any two things that are difficult to tell apart

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56
Q

Ugly American

A

From Burdick and Lederer’s The Ugly American
Now describes overbearing American policies or behavior in foreign countries.

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57
Q

Utopia

A

Thomas More’s Utopia
Utopia is any perfect place, state of being, or government

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58
Q

Walter Mitty

A

Thurber’s “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty”
Now a person who fantasizes about unrealistic, brave deeds is Mittylike, Mittyish, or a Walter Mitty

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59
Q

Willy Loman

A

From Miller’s “Death of a Salesman”
Now is any person who is working hard trying to earn a living, but is not being very successful and is therefore a pathetic figure

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60
Q

Armageddon

A

From Book of Revelation
Now refers to any fierce confrontation resulting in mutual destruction

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61
Q

City on a hill

A

Book of Matthew
Refers to a place that would be a shining example and a model to others

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62
Q

Daniel in the lion’s den

A

Old Testament
Now a person who is confronted with difficulties and is encouraged to hold up in the face of adversity or persecution as David did

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63
Q

Ham

A

Old Testament
Can be used as an allusion to Noah’s descendants bearing the curse of servitude

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64
Q

Elijah and Jezebel

A

Old Testament
Now refers to any wicked or shameless women

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65
Q

Esther and the king of Persia

A

Old Testament
Esther and her foster father, Modecai, helped deliver the Jews from persecution by the king of Persia.

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66
Q

Feet of clay

A

From the Book of Daniel
Now refers to the flaw of an otherwise strong and admirable person

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67
Q

Aristotle

A

Great Greek philosopher who may rely upon the heart as well as common sense for direction

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68
Q

Queen Bess

A

Representative of the grandest of all time periods in the modern era—the arets and literature flourished during the Elizabethan Era

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69
Q

Hannibal

A

Represents a daring plot to wage war against a most formidable enemy, despite his failure, he is remembered for his success in using elephants against Rome

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70
Q

Belial

A

Satan, satanic, devil—evil is connoted

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71
Q

Pequod

A

Name usually implies a foreshadowing of doom—extermination, destruction, some kind of complete disaster suggested

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72
Q

Jove

A

King of all gods, represents the all-powerful, the controller of the universe

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73
Q

Narcissus

A

Denotes excessive self-love, vanity corrupts

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74
Q

Ahab

A

Swayed by things negative and sinful, Ahab suggest a dark, evil inclination

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75
Q

Pan

A

From it came the word panic
Liked to surprise people in the forest and make them panic

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76
Q

John Locke

A

English philospher
Origin of all knowledge comes from the senses

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77
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

German philosopher
knowledge is not derived from senses, man should avoid the extremes

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78
Q

Gabriel

A

Angel of Mercy

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79
Q

Euroclydon

A

A disastrous wind that stirs the waters violently

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80
Q

Brahmins

A

Suggests high caste position or highly honored position in society

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81
Q

Vishnu

A

Usually related to India
The “Preserver”

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82
Q

Andromeda

A

A princess or person rescued from a “monster”

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83
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

American representativeof all that a traitor stands for

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84
Q

Morgan le Fay

A

Arthurian
A deceitful temptress

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85
Q

Perceval

A

Arthurian
A kind, naïve, and uncouth hero

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86
Q

Lancelot

A

Arthurian
A near-perfect hero who has a fatal flaw

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87
Q

Merlin

A

Arthurian
Powerful magician

88
Q

Galahad

A

Arthurian
Purity and perfection

89
Q

Guinevere

A

Arthurian
Passionate and independent woman

90
Q

Gawain

A

A likable hero made human by his flaws

91
Q

The Holy Grail

A

Arthurian
A penultimate achievement

92
Q

Camelot

A

Arthurian
Place of justice, friendship, and chivalry

93
Q

Excalibur

A

Arthurian
Most powerful of all weapons, symbolic of strength and justice

94
Q

Round Table

A

Arthurion
Friendship, loyalty, chivalry

95
Q

Antihero

A

Character, usually the protagonist, who faces a series of problems and events in a story, but is often going against societal standards

96
Q

Aphorism

A

Wise saying, usually brief, reflecting truth. Ex: haste makes waste

97
Q

Bildungsroman

A

Fiction depicting the moral and intellectual growth of a protagonist, often intended for the education and guidance of others

98
Q

Bowdlerize

A

To excise material deemed objectionable from a piece of writing

99
Q

Burlesque

A

Literary form which ridicules or mocks

100
Q

Catharsis

A

Therapeutic release of emotion upon identifying with and being moved by a piece of literature

101
Q

Catastrophe

A

Final event of a dramatic work, usually ruin or death

102
Q

Circumlocution

A

Writing or speaking that goes around the subject instead of getting directly to the point. Ex: This was not unlike…

103
Q

Classicism

A

Literary (and other artistic) movements of ancient Greece amd Rome, using strict forms, accenting reason, and characterized by restraint. Opposite is romanticicsm

104
Q

Coherence

A

Clarity in connecting ideas

105
Q

Conciseness/concision

A

“Tight” writing; use of only the necessary words to express thoughts

106
Q

Concrete

A

Opposite of extract; refers to specific people and things that can be perceived with the five senses

107
Q

Connotation

A

Feelings and associations added to specific word meaning. Ex: mother—kindly, self-sacrificing, nurturing woman

108
Q

Alliteration

A

Rep. of sounds at the beginning of words

109
Q

Consonance

A

Rep. of similar consonant sounds, with changes in intervening vowel sounds

110
Q

Convention

A

Accepted literary form of the past

111
Q

Denotation

A

Dictionary meaning of a word

112
Q

Didactic

A

Literary works meant to teach a moral or lesson

113
Q

Doppelgänger

A

Personification of a character’s darker side; ghost

114
Q

Double entendre

A

Double meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence, often raucous in implication. Ex: All eyes to the rear

115
Q

Envoy/envoi

A

Brief postscript to book, essay, or poem; often the concluding stanza to a ballade, summarizing the poem

116
Q

Epigram

A

Witty, often paradoxical, saying or brief poem

117
Q

Epitaph

A

Inscription on tombstone or marker for the dead

118
Q

Eponym

A

Person whose name is the source of a new word

119
Q

Euphemism

A

More palatable word for a less pleasant subject

120
Q

Fable

A

Story with moral or lesson about life, often with animal characters possessing human characteristics

121
Q

Foil

A

Character opposite or different from the protagonist, used to highlight the protagonist’s traits; incidents or settings may also be used as foils

122
Q

Folklore/folktales

A

Stories and legends transmitted by word of mouth, rather than in writing

123
Q

Homonym

A

Sound and spelled alike, diff meanings

124
Q

Homophones

A

Sound alike, includes homonyms

125
Q

i.e.

A

That is

126
Q

Ibid

A

Used in footnotes and bibliographies to refer to the source mentioned directly above

127
Q

Idiom

A

Phrase in common use that does not literally mean what it says

128
Q

Imagery

A

Creation of mental pictures by pertinent word choice and heightened description

129
Q

In medias res

A

Beginning in the middle of events

130
Q

Malapropism

A

Confusion of similar-sounding words which often ends up sounding humorous

131
Q

Literary motif

A

Recurrent words or phrases

132
Q

n. b.

A

Note well (followed by important point to remember)

133
Q

nom de plume

A

Pen name or pseudonym used by author

134
Q

Novella

A

Short novel with fewer characters than a novel

135
Q

Gothic novel

A

Novel with midieval setting suggesting mystery and/or horror

136
Q

Picaresque novel

A

Novel characterized by young hero of lower-class, unrespectable background, who leaves home and is faced with a harsh, cruel world, and eventually conforms to its realities

137
Q

op. cit.

A

Used in footnotes/bibliographies to refer to work previously cited or quoted

138
Q

Oxymoron

A

Use of paradoxical or opposite words for effect. Ex: poor little rich girl

139
Q

Literary parody

A

Satire imitating an author or work with the aim of mockery

140
Q

Purple passage

A

Writing that contains flowery, ornate language, often in the midst of otherwise dull passages

141
Q

Proverb

A

Saying, adage, or maxim, usually short and generally believed to be true

142
Q

Pseudonym

A

Name author uses instead of his/her real name

143
Q

Literary realism

A

Literature reflecting real life, rather than imaginary or idealistic life.

144
Q

Rhetoric

A

Persuasive writing

145
Q

Roman à clef

A

Novel based on actual people and places, but written as fiction instead of fact

146
Q

Romance

A

Story about heroic deeds, mysterious settings, or love

147
Q

Romanticism

A

Literary moment characterized by emotion, imagination, and goodness of people, little emphasis on reason. Opposite of classicism

148
Q

Sarcasm

A

Form of irony which seems to praise, but really criticizes

149
Q

Satire

A

Literature that makes fun of social conditions or conventions, often for the purpose of creating change

150
Q

Style

A

The way an author characteristically expresses him or herself

151
Q

Synonym

A

Words meaning the same

152
Q

Synopsis

A

Summary or condensed statement of a literary work

153
Q

Thriller

A

Story or movie filled with suspense

154
Q

Verse

A

Writing with rhyme and meter, as opposed to prose; often verse refers to poetry of a less serious nature

155
Q

Fates

A

Greek mythology
Control life, does not allow reference to free will

156
Q

Cerberus

A

Greek mythology
Most monstrous of fears and conflicts may be overcome through ingenuity and cunning

157
Q

Allegory

A

Writing that has a deeper meaning hidden beneath the obvious one

158
Q

Ellipses

A

To show words have been left frim a quote, or to indicate the passage of time

159
Q

Editorial

A

Newspaper or magazine article expressing opinion of an editor or publisher

160
Q

Essay

A

Short prose work expressing an author’s views on a subject

161
Q

Poetry

A

Poem collection; genre characterized by rythm, rhyme (sometimes), and stanzas, as opposed to prose

162
Q

Prose

A

Literature wirtten in sentences and paragraphs, as opposed to poetry and verse

163
Q

Short story

A

Fiction story shorter than a novel, often having a surprising ending

164
Q

Novel

A

Long, fictional prose story

165
Q

Narration

A

Telling a story

166
Q

Narrator

A

Person telling a story

167
Q

Historical novel

A

Full-length fiction book, using historical facts as its basis for plot or setting, but including imaginary characters and dialogue

168
Q

Nuance

A

Slight shade of meaning or detail

169
Q

Paradox

A

Contradictory statement that makes sense

170
Q

Jacob Esau

A

Biblical
Sometimes people relate any arguing or greedy family members as being them

171
Q

Job

A

Old Testament
Patience of Job

172
Q

Comedy

A

Fictional writing that has a happy ending for its major characters and contains humor

173
Q

Tragedy

A

Literature, often drama, ending in catastrophe for protagonists after dealing with a series of problems

174
Q

Thriller

A

Story or movie filled with suspense

175
Q

Fairy tale

A

Fanciful, imaginary story about a hero or heroine overcoming a problem, often involving mystical creatures, supernatural power, or magic; often a type of folktale

176
Q

Resolution

A

Clarification, solution, or outcome of the conflict in a story

177
Q

Redundancy

A

Repition that is unnecessary and awkward, as contrasted with intentional repetition for a particular effect

178
Q

Denouement

A

Outcome, resolution, solution of a plot

179
Q

Critic

A

Person who evaluates literature or other art

180
Q

Criticism

A

Essays and critiques evaluating a writer for his work, based on set standards, according to the philosophy of the critic

181
Q

Hero

A

Character, usually the protagonist, who rises above and conquers a series of problems and events in the story

182
Q

Literary genre

A

Kind of literature, literary classification

183
Q

Flashback

A

Jumping backward in the chronology of a narrative, often through a dream or musing sequence

184
Q

Popular fiction

A

Fiction aimed at the mainstream population

185
Q

Science fiction

A

Fiction concerning advanced tech., usually imagined, no actual scientific advancements

186
Q

Understatement

A

Form of irony where the autheor intentionally understates the facts

187
Q

Tone

A

Mood brought forth by a storybor poem

188
Q

Symbol

A

All Might

189
Q

Theme/thesis

A

Main idea ina piece of literature; topic or subject

190
Q

Simile

A

Comparison using like or as

191
Q

Setting

A

Time and place

192
Q

Sequel

A

A subsequent work similar to that of an original, often with the same characters

193
Q

Rhetorical question

A

Question asked without expecting an answer; used for effect

194
Q

pun

A

Play on words; words put together in such a way as to be humorous

195
Q

Protagonist

A

Main character, hero, or heroine in a written work

196
Q

Point of view

A

Perspective from which the story is written

197
Q

Plot

A

Structure of the literature; the way it is put together; the unfolding or sequence of events

198
Q

Plagiarism

A

Using of other people’s works as one’s own without crediting the true author

199
Q

Personification

A

Literary device where writer attributes human qualities to objects or ideas

200
Q

Paraphrase

A

Restatement of writing, keeping the basic meaning, but telling it in one’s own words

201
Q

mythology

A

Traditional tales about goddesses, gods, heroes, and other characters, often telling about the creation of the universe, talking about death, or otherwise philosophically explaining human existence

202
Q

Moral

A

A lesson the literature is teaching; fables usually teach a lesson about life

203
Q

Metaphor

A

Comparison of unlike things without using like or as

204
Q

Irony

A

Phrases or words with meanings quite different from what is actually said

205
Q

Hyperbole

A

Extreme exaggeration used for effect

206
Q

Foreshadow

A

Hints about what is to come

207
Q

First-person narration

A

Told from first person point of view, usually using I

208
Q

Dialogue/dialog

A

Speaking and conversation between characters in stories, plays, and in person

209
Q

Copyright

A

Legal rights to published works which stop anyone else from using the work without permission

210
Q

Conflict

A

Opposing elements or characters in a plot

211
Q

Climax

A

Higgh point of the plot where reader is most intrigued and does not know what is next

212
Q

Cliche

A

Trite, overused idea or statement

213
Q

Antagonist

A

Person who opposes or competes with the main character, hero, or heroine; often the villain

214
Q

Analogy

A

Comparison of two dissimilar things that are alike in some way, often using a simile or metaphor

215
Q

Allusion

A

Reference, without explanation, to a work of literature, a character, a principle, and so on, assuming the reader is familiar with its implications