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Physics- Nuclear Radiation > Alpha, Beta, Gamma > Flashcards

Alpha, Beta, Gamma Flashcards

1
Q

How do you take account of background radiation in experiments?

A

Geiger counter in position without the source
Measure the count for a suitable period i.e. 3 minutes
Repeat, take a mean
Minus this value from the count rate when the source is present

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2
Q

Ionisation

A

Process by which an atom acquires a positive or negative charge by losing or gaining electrons
Forming an ion

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3
Q

2 main ways that Alpha, Beta, and Gamma differ

A

Ionising Power

Penetrating Range

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4
Q

Ionising Power

A

How many ions produced per unit distance traveled in a particular material

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5
Q

Penetrating Range

A

How far they can travel through materials

The thickness of a material needed to absorb them

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6
Q

Alpha charge

A

2e

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7
Q

Alpha nature

A

Helium nucleus

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8
Q

Alpha ionising power

A

High

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9
Q

Alpha range in air

A

Less than 0.02m

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10
Q

Alpha penetration range

A

Sheet of paper

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11
Q

Beta charge

A

-e

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12
Q

Beta nature

A

High energy electron

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13
Q

Beta ionising power

A

Medium

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14
Q

Beta range in air

A

1-2m

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15
Q

Beta penetration range

A

mm of aluminium

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16
Q

Gamma charge

A

0

17
Q

Gamma nature

A

EM photon

Very short wavelength

18
Q

Gamma ionising power

A

Low

19
Q

Gamma range in air

A

Infinite

20
Q

Gamma penetration range

A

cm of lead

More than 1 m in concrete

21
Q

What is conserved in nuclear transformation equations?

A

Baryon number
Charge
Lepton number

22
Q

Half Life (2 definitions)

A

Time taken for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample of an isotope to decay
Time taken for for activity of a sample to halve

23
Q

Activity

A

Rate of decay of unstable nuclei

24
Q

Radioactive decay is random- what does this mean?

A

Cannot predict when a particular nucleus will decay

25
Q

Radioactive decay is spontaneous- what does this mean?

A

No external processes (i.e. pressure and temperature) influence the decay

26
Q

If your half life graph levels off at a constant, what can you deduce?

A

Background radiation has not been deducted

Physics- Nuclear Radiation (2 decks)

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