ALS: Animals Flashcards
(172 cards)
0
Q
Antibodies are found in the blood of cats. Another name for antibodies is _________.
A
Immunoglobulins
1
Q
Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately ________.
A
120 days
2
Q
The canine cephalic vein is located…
A
On the front leg of the dog.
3
Q
_________ arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to this walls of the heart.
A
Coronary
4
Q
Indicate another name for cardiac muscle…
A
Myocardium
5
Q
______ is a term that means present at birth.
A
Congenital
6
Q
Turbulent blood flow in the canine heart causes…
A
Murmurs
7
Q
The protective sac around the heart is the…
A
Pericardium
8
Q
The tiny air sacs within the feline lungs are known as…
A
Alveoli
9
Q
The chest cavity can also be termed the _________ cavity.
A
Thoracic
10
Q
The _________ is used to estimate the genotype of offspring from specific matings.
A
Punnett Square
11
Q
Accessory digestive organs of the cat include the…
A
Pancreas, liver, and salivary glands
12
Q
The _________ adds bile salts to the duodenum which then aid in _______ digestion.
A
Liver, lipid
13
Q
The _________ is the innermost layer of the digestive tract and lines the lumen.
A
Tunica mucosa
14
Q
Anaerobic bacteria survive in environments…
A
Devoid of oxygen
15
Q
Mastication is another term for…
A
Chewing
16
Q
Folds in the dogs stomach are termed…
A
Rugae
17
Q
Chyme leaves the stomach through the…
A
Pyloric sphincter
18
Q
The dog can convert carotene into…
A
Vitamin A
19
Q
__________ is a process whereby glucose can be synthesized from amino acids.
A
Gluconeogenesis
20
Q
Select the phagocytic cells.
A
Neutrophils and macrophages
21
Q
NK cells are part of the innate immune system. The letters NK stand for…
A
Natural Killer
22
Q
Consumption of______ allows for the passive transfer of _______ to the newborn animal.
A
Colostrum, antibodies
23
Q
During _____ disorders, the immune system cannot distinguish self from nonself.
A
Autoimmune
24
Most viral vaccines for animals are based on live _________ viruses.
Attenuated
25
Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by _____, which triggers degranulation of _______ cells.
IgE, mast
26
When B cells become activated, they develop into _______ cells which make _____.
Plasma, antibodies
27
The _____ mouse cannot mount an ___ response and therefore cannot reject a rabbit skin graph.
Type IV, antibody
28
Select the antibacterial enzyme that is found in saliva and tears of many animals.
Lysozyme
29
Antibodies are_______ molecules that have a ______ shape.
Protein, Y
30
________ is the first milk produced after a queen gives birth.
Colostrum
31
The male gonad is ______ and it produces _______.
Testis, sperm by meiosis
32
When body temperature decreases below normal this is termed...
Hypothermia
33
Another name for the spay procedure and the dog is an...
Ovariohysterectomy
34
The duration of pregnancy and the cat is...
9 weeks
35
Queens are _______ ovulators so they only ovulate after______.
Induced, mating
36
Whelping is a term in the dog world that means...
Giving birth
37
A fouling-smelling vaginal discharge shortly after giving birth in the dog may indicate...
Metritis is present
38
This structure is often referred to as the gateway to the uterus.
Cervix
39
______ during lactation is really a case of ______.
Eclampsia, hypocalcemia
40
Phenotype =________+ environment.
Genotype
41
A dog given a diuretic would be expected to...
Increase it's urine production
42
Gregor Mendel performed genetic selection on...
Peas
43
In the world of genetics, the term _______ refers to the parents' offspring.
Progeny
44
______ are alternate forms of a gene.
Alleles
45
______ is the masking of the effects of one gene by a another Gene at a different locus.
Recessiveness
46
In the world of genetics, the letters EPD stand for...
Expected progeny difference
47
Thermal _______ is a process whereby heat moves through solid objects.
Conduction
48
On a sunny day, a _____ dog will absorb more radiant heat than a _____ dog.
Black, white
49
Radiation is the transfer of heat by...
Electromagnetic waves
50
_______ can directly convert that into thermal energy.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)
51
_____ is a regulated elevation of the temperature set point in the _______.
Hyperthermia, hypothalamus
52
_______ Is used to reduce heat loss on the skin in low ambient temperatures.
Vasoconstriction
53
Endotherms tend to have a...
Constant internal body temperature
54
These two animals are able to produce great amounts of sweat.
Humans and horses
55
When alleles at a locus are the same, we say the individual...
Is homozygous at that locus
56
A ____ allele will mask a _____ allele.
Dominant, recessive
57
An example of a qualitative trait in horses it...
Hair coat color
58
Select the correct definition for additive gene action.
When the heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype between the two homozygotes
59
It is interesting to note that gray horses tend to have more...
Melanomas than other horses
60
During a skin infection in the cat, _______ may appear in this substance is primarily dead __________.
Pus, neutrophils
61
An _________ is any molecule that provokes _________ production
Antigen, antibody
62
Interferon is a molecule that restricts _______ Application
Viral
63
This white blood cell provides immunity against parasitic worms
Eosinophils
64
The _______ system is a cascade reaction that results in attacks on the surface of foreign cells
Complement
65
One antibody molecule (e.g. IgG) has ______ antigen binding sites
Two
66
T cells (T lymphocytes) found in the animal body are produced in the
Thymus
67
The disease _______ interferes with the communication between nerves and _________.
Myasthenia gravis, muscles
68
IgG has a _________ of approximately________.
Half-life, 7-23 days
69
Type ______ hypersensitivity usually takes 2-3 ______ to develop.
IV, days
70
If _____ cannot be digested, it will cause________.
Lactose, diarrhea
71
Vomition centers are located in the
Brain
72
________ is the enzyme that hydrolyses starch to maltose
Amylase
73
Pancreatic juice contains
Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
74
________ are cells that are found in the liver
Hepatocytes
75
Immunoglobulins are also termed
Antibodies
76
Animals store ________ as glycogen
Glucose
77
This vein is located on the front of the cat
Cephalic vein
78
The building blocks used to make ______ are _______
Proteins, amino acids
79
The ________ synthesizes large amounts of cholesterol
Liver
80
Indicate another term for red blood cells
Erythrocytes
81
Determine the body weight (lbs) of a horse that has a total blood weight of 105 pounds
1500
82
When blood enters the left atrium of the heart, it has just returned from this organ
Lung
83
Blood is bright red when ________ is full of oxygen.
Hemoglobin
84
Mature _______ lack a nucleus in mammals
Erythrocytes
85
When blood leaves an ________. It enters into a capillary bed
Arteriole
86
______ is a term with this definition: "bacterial infection of the blood"
Sepsis
87
The ______ can also be termed the trachea.
Windpipe
88
Wright strain is a common strain used to examine ______ smears on 1 X 3 glass slides,
Blood
89
When blood is allowed to clot after collection, the fluid that forms is termed ________
Plasma
90
An ethogram is a
Pictorial catalog of the behavioral patterns of an organism or a species
91
The first studies of associative learning were made by Russian physiologist
Ivan Pavlov
92
Kneading in cats involves the movement of it's
Front paws and limbs
93
Panting and cats is
Considered rare and is often a sign of severe distress
94
Relative to their nutritional needs, cats are
Obligate carnivores
95
B.F. Skinner performed experiments looking at
Operant conditioning
96
A ________ is a neuron that fires when the animal observes an action performed by another animal
Mirror neuron
97
Cats and dogs have sweat glands only on the
Pads of their feet
98
High ambient humidity reduces _____ in the dog
Evaporative heat loss
99
_______ is a process whereby hairs on the skin stand upright in cold weather
Piloerection
100
When a mature feline follicle ovulates, the space formed on the ovary fills with
Blood
101
When an adult tomcat has______, this is termed cryptorchism
Undescended testicles
102
_______ is the study of animal behavior.
Ethology
103
The canine ________ is famous for producing progesterone.
Corpus luteum
104
_______ are found within the testis and produce ______
Seminiferous tubules, sperm
105
When animals stop responding to irrelevant stimuli this is termed
Habituation
106
A surge release of luteinizing hormone from the______induces ovulation
Anterior pituitary gland
107
Rats have a_____day estrous cycle while horses have a______day estrous cycle
5, 21
108
Fixed______are behaviors that occur in the presence of specific releasing stimuli
Action patterns
109
The hormone_______helps the______to enlarge at the time of birth
Relaxin, birth canal
110
The term that means "giving birth" in dogs is
Whelping
111
The duration of pregnancy and the dog is
9 weeks
112
A sperm cell is the male______and will join with the female egg to then form the_______
Gamete, zygote
113
The ovum is a
Haploid cell
114
Omnivores will eat
Both plant and animal material
115
The cloudy appearance of normal equine urine is caused by
Mucus
116
During a skin infection in the cat, ________ may appear and this substance is primarily dead _______.
Pus, neutrophils
117
A(n) _________ is any molecule that provokes ________ production.
Antigen, antibody
118
Interferon is a molecule that restricts ________ replication.
Viral
119
This white blood cell provides immunity against parasitic worms.
Eosinophils
120
The ________ system is a cascade reaction that results in attacks on the surface of foreign cells.
Complement
121
One antibody molecule (e.g. IgG) has ______ antigen binding sites.
Two
122
T cells (T lymphocytes) found in the animal body are produced in the...
Thymus
123
The disease ________ interferes with the communication between nerves and _______.
Myasthenia gravis, muscles
124
IgG has a _________ of approximately ___________.
Half-life, 7-23 days
125
Type ______ hypersensitivity usually takes 2-3 _______ to develop.
IV, days
126
If ______ cannot be digested! it will cause _______.
Lactose, diarrhea
127
Vomition centers are located in the...
Brain
128
________ is the enzyme that hydrolyses starch to maltose.
Amylase
129
Pancreatic juice contains...
Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
130
________ are cells that are found in the liver.
Hepatocytes
131
Immunoglobulins are also termed...
Antibodies
132
Animals store ________ as glycogen.
Glucose
133
This vein is located on the front leg of the cat.
Cephalic vein
134
The building blocks used to make ________ are _________.
Proteins, amino acids
135
The _________ synthesizes large amounts of cholesterol.
Liver
136
Indicate another term for red blood cells.
Erythrocytes
137
Determine the body weight (lbs.) of a horse that has a total blood weight of 105 pounds.
1500
138
When blood enters the left atrium of the heart, it has just returned from this organ.
Lung
139
Blood is bright red when _______ is full of oxygen.
Hemoglobin
140
Mature ________ lack a nucleus in mammals.
Erythrocytes
141
When blood leaves a(n) _______, it enters into a capillary bed.
Arteriole
142
___________ is a term with this definition: "bacterial infection of the blood."
Sepsis
143
The _________ can also be termed the trachea.
Windpipe
144
Wright stain is a common stain used to examine __________ smears on 1X3 glass slides.
Blood
145
When blood is allowed to clot after collection, the fluid that forms is termed ___________.
Plasma
146
An ethogram is a(n)...
Pictorial catalog of the behavioral patterns of an organism or a species.
147
The first studies of associative learning were made by Russian physiologist...
Ivan Pavlov
148
Kneading in cats involves the movement of its...
Front paws and limbs
149
Panting in cats is...
Considered rare and is often a sign of severe distress.
150
Relative to their nutritional needs, cats are...
Obligate carnivores
151
B.F. Skinner performed experiments looking at...
Operant conditioning.
152
A(n) ___________ is a neuron that fires when the animal observes an action performed by another animal.
Mirror neuron
153
Cats and dogs have sweat glands only on the...
Pads of their feet
154
High ambient humidity reduces _______ in the dog.
Evaporative heat loss
155
________ is a process whereby hairs on the skin stand upright in cold weather.
Piloerection
156
When a mature feline follicle ovulates, the empty space formed on the ovary fills with...
Blood
157
When an adult tom cat has ______, this is termed cryptorchism.
Undescended testicles
158
_________ is the study of animal behavior.
Ethology
159
The canine ________ is famous for producing progesterone.
Corpus luteum
160
__________ are found within the testis and produce __________.
Seminiferous tubules, sperm
161
When animals stop responding to irrelevant stimuli this is termed...
Habituation
162
A surge release of luteinizing hormone from the __________ induces ovulation.
Anterior pituitary gland
163
Rats have a ____ day estrous cycle while horses have a ____ day estrous cycle.
5, 21
164
Fixed ________ are behaviors that occur in the presence of specific releasing stimuli.
Action patterns
165
The hormone ________ helps the ________ to enlarge at the time of birth.
Relaxin, birth canal
166
The term that means "giving birth" in dogs is...
Whelping
167
The duration of pregnancy in the dog is...
9 weeks
168
A sperm cell is the male ______ and will join with the female egg to then form the ________.
Gamete, zygote
169
The ovum is a...
Haploid cell
170
Omnivores will eat...
Both plant and animal material
171
The cloudy appearance of normal equine urine is caused by...
Mucus
