ALTERATION IN THOUGHTS & PERCEPTION Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
DOC for Schizophrenia
↑dopa; ↑acetylcholine
A
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
-Thorazine
-Haldol
S/E:
↓Dopamine; ↑Acetylcholine : “Pseudoparkinsonism”
***Should be given with “Anti-parkinsons” Akineton
2
Q
Application of nursing process (ADPIE) + Behaviour
A
Psychiatric Nursing
3
Q
CRITERIA
P-A-G-E-R-S
A
- Personal Integration
-Adjustment/Coping
-Kubler Ross: Grieving Process; 4-6 weeks - Autonomous Behaviour
-Ability for decision making
-↑ independency/ Autonomy
-Antisocial Personality Disorder
*Serial Killer; Abusers
*Perpetrators
*Sadists
-Dependent Personality Disorder
↓Dependency/ Autonomy
*Parasites
*Being abused (female asian)
-Battered Wife Syndrome
*Masochist
- Growth & Development
-Consistency/Flexible/Encouraging
“Good Me Personification”
Good me: Reward & Approval
Bad me: Punisment & Disapproval
Not me: excessive anxiety due to disapproving emotion by nurturing mother - Environmental Mastery
-Nurture: Milieu
-Adaptation of the environment - Reality Perception
6.Self-Awareness
-Core concept
-Strength & Weakness
4
Q
“Interpersonal theory”
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN
A
Good me: Reward & Approval
Bad me: Punisment & Disapproval
Not me: excessive anxiety due to disapproving emotion by nurturing mother
Eidetic Personifications:
-Imaginary traits ; imaginary playmates preschols have to have safe secure relationships with another person. though it is imaginary.
5
Q
Nature & Nurture
A
Nature: Genetic; based on hereditary & genetic predisposition inherited by individual from their parents at birth.
-Physical characteristics: Eyes, color, facial features, personality traits, behaviour.
Nurture: Environmental factors that influence an individual’s development.
-Parenting styles, educational experiences, cultural background
6
Q
GRIEVING PROCESS
A
Denial: Refusal to accept the stressful reality
Anger: Reckless
Bargain: Undoing coping mechanism
: Honeymoon phase in abuse
Depression: Exagg feelings of sadness
Acceptance: Better prognosis
4-6 weeks
7
Q
-selfish
-demanding
-manipulative
-pleasure
A
ID
8
Q
-Mature
-balance
-executive arbiter sane decision
-reality
A
EGO
9
Q
-Moralistic
-Righteous
-Guilt Principle
-Conscience
A
SuperEgo
10
Q
ID DOMINANT
Hallmark sign: Delusion of grandiose
A
Mania/Manic
11
Q
ID DOMINANT
-lawbreakers; According to own terms
A
Antisocial Personality disorder
12
Q
ID DOMINANT
-Charisma
-Overvalue of self
A
Narcissists
13
Q
ID DOMINANT
-Female Individuals
-Seduction/Sex
-Exhibitionist
A
Histrionic
14
Q
Superego Dominant Disorder:
A
-Anorexia Disorder
-Bulimia Disorder
OCD
15
Q
Coping mechanism in the honeymoon phase in the abuse
A
Undoing
16
Q
Acceptance of the problem would mean?
A
Good/better prognosis
17
Q
↑ Autonomy
A
Antisocial personality disorder
18
Q
-Almost are female 90%
-Always Denial
-Type A OCPD
-Attitude; Diet-Diet: Overexercising
-Appearance: Weight loss 15% (Cachexia)
-Amenorrhea: 3 Consecutive months
A
ANOREXIA
19
Q
-Body appearance:
Normal or Overweight/Obese
-Common in boys
-Become aware; better prognosis
-Borderline Personality disorder (Splitting Behaviour)
-Binging and purging food/substances
-Purging: Release thru Laxatives, Diuretics, Emetic
A
Bulimia
20
Q
Management for Anorexia & Bulimia:
A
-Behavior Modification: Token Economy
-Body weight:
WEIGHING: Morning/ Before Meals/
Same clothes
-Bathroom Restrictions/NBP:
Stay with pt 1-2 hours
21
Q
DOC for Anorexia/Bulimia
A
ANTI-DEPRESSANT:
-SSRI: Safest; Less S/E
-TCA: Most effective
22
Q
-Patient to Healthcare worker
-Pt projects feelings about people in their life to HCW
A
Transference
23
Q
-HCW to Patient
-HCW Emotional reaction (sympathy) to client/Pt.
-Non-therapeutic
A
Countertransference
24
Q
Sexual Energy
A
Libido
25
-0-17 months
-Task: Feeding: Consistency =Goodme
-Strict/Rigid/Inconsistent= Badme
*Punishment: Crying → Numb→ Affect
Disturbance
*Punishment: Aloof → Autism→
Neologism→ Flight of
ideas/Loose Association
ORAL PHASE
26
Play for Oral phase (0-17 months)
Solitary Play
27
-18 months- 3 years
-Task: Toilet Traning →Consistency→
Goodme
-Stool=Emotional expression
-Strict/Rigid/Inconsistent
↓
Punishment
-Fear: Anal Retention = OCPD
-Rebellious: Anal Expulsion
Child: Conduct Disease
Adult: ASPD
Anal Phase
28
Play for Anal phase:
Parallel Play
-Self-centered
29
-4-6 y.o.
-Task: Masturbation (exploration)
-Castration Fear
-Oedipal : Son → Mom
Jealous :Castration Fear: Exposure to
same sex Parent
-Electra: Daughter → Dad
Penis Envy: Exposure to mother
PHALLIC PHASE
30
-7-11 y.o.
-Task: School work: Reading, Writing,
Rithmetic
-↓ Libido
-Same sex chums
-School age
Latent Phase
31
Play for phallic phase
Creative/Associative
32
Play for Latent Phase
Competitive Play (Indoor)
33
-12 & ↑ y.o.
-Task: Sex Organ
-Purpose
-Role performance
-Identity
Genital Phase
34
Play for genital Phase
Competitive play (Outdoor)
35
Erik Erikson "Psychosocial Theory"
Age virtue/Maladaptation/Disorder
0-17mon
Trust vs. Mistrust
Paranoid
18mon-3 y.o.
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Dependent Personalty Disorder
4-6 y.o.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Avoidant P.D.
7-11 y.o.
Industry vs Inferiority
Inferiority Complex
12-20 y.o.
Identity vs. Role confusion
Identity crisis: ↑ suicide
20-30 y.o.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Quarter life crisis
31-59 y.o.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Midlife Crisis
60↑ y.o.
Ego integrity vs despair
Worthless
36
↑ Risk for suicide
1st - Identity Crisis: Adolescent
2nd - Worthless: Elderly
37
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Initiate/engage conversation
-Trust → Rapport
BROAD OPENING
38
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Offer self; HCW will initiate conversation
-use to: ↓ self-esteem, aloof, depressed
Active Friendliness
39
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Pt initiates conversation
-HCW waits for the readiness
-Use to Delusional Paranoid pt.
Passive Friendliness
40
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Exploration
-"Tell me more"- feelings & Emotions
Encouraging Verbalization
41
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-More time to express feelings
-"a-huh"; " then"; "go on"; "please proceed"; "next"
-Thought block
Giving leads
42
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Seeking elaboration
-Schizophrenia: Neologism; Hallucinations
-Alzheimers: broca's aphasia frontal lobe
-Mania: Pressures speech (Fast pacing)
Clarification
43
1st common type of delusion
Persecutory Delusion
44
Dont use "Tell me more" to what patient?
PTSD pt
45
Most common hallucination?
-Auditory Hallucination
"What are the voices telling you?"
46
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Stating of observation
-"I notice that you've done your ADL"
Acknowledgement
47
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-identification theme/mood/behaviour of client
-"You seem upset" "you seem anxious
Validation
48
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Voice doubt
-Factors affecting
-"Pt: Di ako makakain"
Nurse: May mga bagay na nagagambala sa pagkain
-What are the factors affecting _____
Rephrasing/Restating
49
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Spontaneity Conversation
-not answerable by yes or no
-"What" rather than "why"
Open-ended Question
50
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-Precise/Concise/Brief
Giving Information
51
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-3 spheres of reality: Person, Place, Time
Reality Reorientation
52
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-"are you planning to kill yourself"
-Suicide plan: is alarming
Confrontation
53
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
-firm & consistent
-Avoid negotiating to pt.; flexible; bending rules
Set limits/Matter-of-facts
54
Barriers/Non-therapeutic
-Why: Entails defensive explanation
-False hope
-Cliche: Figurative/ Flowery words
-Ignore/Rejecting: Masturbation
(Preschool); Temper tantrums
-Advising(Dictating): Imposing
-Close Ended: Yes/No; Minimal answer
-Belittling Feeling: Evasion
-Passing The bucket: Passing to other
HCW
-Crowding: Too Much Information
-Touch: Ask consent; Battery/Assault
Exclamatory
55
-(+) Reality
-S/sx: Anxiety (Fear: Unknown)
Neuroses
56
-Therapeutic anxiety/butterflies in the stomach
-widened perception
Management:
-Deep breathing exercises
-Visual imagery
Mild Anxiety
57
-Selective inattention (suppression)
-Decrease perception
Management:
-Directive
-PRN Meds (Zepam/Zolam)
Moderate anxiety
58
-SNS: Elevated V/S
-Tunnel Vision
Severe anxiety
59
-Personality disorganization
Panic anxiety
60
Management for severe/panic anxiety
-Safety
-Stay for 24 hours
-Supervision
-Decrease Stimuli
-Suicidal Homicidal
61
-Irrational fear; Symbol of fear
-Unresolved childhood experiences
-displacement/ symbolization
Phobia
62
-Gradual/ slow exposure to stimuli
Systematic Desensitization
63
When administering downer, check what v/s?
RR
64
When administering stimulant, check what v/s?
HR
65
Implosion therapy flooding is not used anymore but instead:
Systematic Desensitization
66
Crisis last for how many weeks?
4-6 weeks
67
-unforeseen events
-rape cases
-fixed/forced: Retirement
-Marriage
-Murder
-Accidents
Situational Crisis
68
-Group is affected
-World war
-Terrorist attack
-Pandemic
-Force Majeur (Disaster)
Adventitious Crisis
69
-Normal
-Maturational
-Planned Pregnancy
-Retirement
-Parenthood
Developmental Crisis
70
Forceful; unconsented penetration of body part/ object to any orifice
Rape
71
3 TYPES OF RAPE:
-Power (Authority)
-Revenge (Anger)
-Sadistic (Pain)
72
MANAGEMENT FOR RAPE:
-Remove client from danger
-Assess & Document
-Provide privacy and composure never leave client alone
-Evidence intact
73
-use to identify the presence of trauma
CISD: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
74
DOC for PTSD:
-Anti-depressant
-SSRI
-TCA
75
- (-) REALITY
-S/sx: Hallucination: (-) stimuli
Illusion: (+) stimuli; Non-confirmatory
Delusion: fixed false belief;
Irreversible
Psychosis
76
Psychosis Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
-Fairies; Peculiar ideas
-Magical thinking; Superstitious
↓
Schizophreniform
(2-6 months)
↓
Schizophrenia: Thought Disturbance
(6> months)
↓
Schizoaffective disorder
Thoughts + Mood
77
-Detachment personality memory & consciousness
Dissociative Disorder
78
Dissociative Disorder
-Selective memory loss
-Reversible
-Source of amnesia
Amnesia
79
Dissociative Disorder
-Assumption new personality on a different environment
Fugue
80
Dissociative Disorder
-Out of the body experience
Depersonalization
81
Dissociative Disorder
-Doesn't necessarily need to be on different environment to have new personality.
Multiple personality/ Dissociative Identity Disorder
82
DOC for Dissociative Disorder:
-Haloperidol
-Risperidone (Risperdal): Safest; Newly
diagnose; early stage
83
Dx for hallucination & Illusion
Altered/Impaired sensory perception
84
Illusion is removed from DSM 5
-Non-confirmatory; Everyone could have illusion
85
Nursing dx for Delusion:
Altered Thought Process
86
S-T-A-M-P
-Syndrome s/sx
-Thought: Delusion
-Affect: Affected Disturbance
-Motor: Echopraxia; CONFIRMATORY
-Perception: Hallucination
Schizophrenia
87
Etiology: Unknown
Predisposing Factors:
↑ Dopamine
Double bind communication
Disorders: Physiologic/Psychiatric
Drug Addict:
*Cocaine
*Hallucinogen
*Amphetamine
Schizophrenia
88
-↑ Dopamine: Hard manifestation
-(+) confirmatory s/sx
-Active psychosis
->6 months: Psychosis
-First to manage
(+) MANIFESTATION S/sx:
P-A-D-A-A-A-H-A-S
PARANOIA (SUSPICIOUS)
AGGRESSION (HOSTILITY)
DELUSION
AUTISM
AMBIVALENCE
AFFECT DISTURBANCE: Broad→Exagg
HALLUCINATIONS
ASSOCIATION LOOSENESS
SPEECH DISTURBANCE
*Verbigeration/Palilalia: Own speech
*Echolalia/Parroting: Speech of others
*Circumstantiality: (+) response; beating
round the bush
*Tangentiality
*Concrete
89
repetition of own speech
Verbigeration/ Palilalia
90
Repetition of other's speech
Echolalia/ Parroting
91
-Beating around the bush before arriving to the answer
Circumstantiality
92
-Derailment/wandering from the topic;
-(-) answer
Tagentiality
93
-Literal (Pilosopic) speech
Concrete
94
-↓ dopamine; soft manifestation
-Non-confirmatory
-Normal not until >6 months: Major
depression
(-) MANIFESTATION S/Sx
T-A-M-A-D-C
THOUGHT PROCESS: poor (alogia)
ANERGIA: ↓energy
AVOLITION: (-) motivation
MUTISM: (-) speech; flat affect/apathy
ANHEDONIA: (-) joy/ pleasure
DEPRESSION: key s/sx
CATATONIA/CATALEPSY: waxy flexibility
***Catalepsy new term for Catatonia
95
-S/E of a certain drug is used as a therapeutic effect for a disease.
Adjuvant Effect
96
Rule of 3 priority;
Oxygen= 3 hours
Fluid=3 days
Nutrition= 3 weeks
97
a dilemma in communication in which an individual receives two or more reciprocally conflicting messages.
"iloveyou. icant stand you"
Double bind communication
98
The more thera-com in choices, the right answer
Multiple Thera com
99
DOC for ADHD
Dextroamphetamine
100
4 A's of Schizophrenia
by Eugene Bleuler
-Autism
-Ambivalence
-Affect Disturbance
-Associative looseness
101
DOC for (+) Manifestation
Antipsychotic AKA
-Neuroleptics
-Psychotropic
-Ataractic
-Major Tranquilizer
102
Antipsychotic Mechanism of action
↓Dopamine (P/E); ↑Acetylcholine (S/E)
↓
Extrapyramidal
-Motor function: Involuntary Mvmnt
-Tonicity of muscle: Spastic Paralysis
↓
Extrapyramidal Syndrome
103
Antidote for Extrapyramidal Effect
Anticholinergic
C-B-A
-Cogentin
-Benadryl
-Artane/ Akineton
104
Neurosis initial problem. if left unresolved, leads to psychosis.
105
-Medication for (+) Manifestation
-Old generation; ↑ S/E
-Azine/Peridol
-Chlorampizine, Mesonidazine, Stelazine, Prochlorperazine, haloperidol (haldol)
Typical
106
Nursing Alert for Chlorpromazine:
-Monitor CBC
-Agranulocytosis
↓resistance; ↑infection
-↑CBG: Hypyerglycemia
107
Nursing Alert for Mesonidazine
-Monitor Eyes/Mata
108
Nursing Alert for stelazine:
-Monitor eyes/ mata
-Can cause retinitis
109
What is the bedside equipment to determine problem with patient taking mesonidazine & stelazine?
Snellen's chart
S/E: eye disturbance/ Retinitis
110
-IM; 1 month effect
-Skin: Cause dermatitis
-Steven-Johnson syndrome
-Desquamation of skin
Prochloperazine
111
-No.1 DOC for emergency cases
-No. 1 medication to cause EPS
Haloperidol (Haldol)
112
-Medication indicated for both (+) & (-) manifestation
-New; ↓ S/E
-Pine/Done
-Clozapine,Olanzapine, Risperidone, Ziprasidone, Trazodone, Olanzapine
Atypical
113
Safest atypical medication:
Risperidone/Risperdal
↓Hepatoxic
114
-Normal w/o liver damage
-Transition from one to another medication
Tapering
115
Adverse effects to Antipsychotic drugs:
1st: Liver Failure
-Stop medications immediately
2nd: NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)
F: Fever; ↑ grade; 38.8 ↑= TSB;↑ Fluid-
intake; IVF
E: Elevation: V/S
V: V/S
E: ↑Enzymes: Creatinekinase
R: Risk; Seizure Attack
116
Antidote for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (spasticity & Hyperthermia):
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
-Downer
-Check: RR
117
Major Depression
-Sadness: Hopeless, helpless, worthless
-Mania: Delusional grandiose
-Bipolar I: with history of mania
Bipolar II: without history of mania
118
Predisposing Factors of Depression
S-A-D-P-I-P-S
-Single
-Separated
-Sex: Female (Attempted suicide)
Male (Completed Successful)
-Alcohol (depressant)
-Annulment
-Drug addict: B-O-N
Benzodiazepine
Opiates
Narcotics
-Divorce
-Post-Partum
-Incurable illness
-Profess no religion (Atheist)
-Schizophrenia
-SNS ↓ sero,epi, dopa
119
CRITERIA: 5-6 X ; ↑6 months
DEPRESSION
CRITERIA: 5-6 X ; ↑6 months
-decreased ADL (Avolition)
-Emotional disturbance (apathy)
-Physical retardation (akinesia/bradykinesia)
-Risk/Injury : "suicidal"
-Easy Fatigabiity (anergia/anemia)
-social isolation (aloofness)
-self-care deficit
-inferiority complex : Introjection (self-
blaming)
-Oversleeping (somnolent detachment)
/Insomnia
-Nutrition: ↓body requirements
120
Coping mechanism for suicidal
Introjection
121
suicidal plan is more alarming than suicidal thought
okiii
122
Management for Depression:
1. Offer self/Active friendliness
2. ↑stimuli:
Brighten
Music therapy: no love or religious song
Classical /Jazz/Children song
3. Monotonous Activity
-↑success rate; Journal Activity
4. Suicide Precaution
Endorsement:↑ opportunity for suicide
:Minimal supervision
Discharge: Putburst of energy for suicide
5: DOC: Anti-depressant
6. ECT: Electroconvulsive therapy; Invasive
123
DOC for depression:
Antidepressant/ Mood elevators
-SSRI: 1st, Safest
-TCA: Most effective
-MAOI: Many C/I; ↓ usage in PH
124
ECT/ Somatic therapy (ELECTRO CONVULSIVE THERAPY)
Aka Somatic Therapy
-Invasive: Consent: 1) Pt 2) Next of kin
-75-150 volts: temporal lobe
-Apply for: (0.5-2 seconds)
-Unilateral/ Bilateral: ↑efficiency
-Gran-Mal Seizures (Tonic -Clonic)
Normal: 30-60 seconds
Ineffective: <30 seconds
Brain injury: >60 secs
*** ECT is done 2-3x in a week or
6-12/ months
125
Indication for ECT/ Somatic therapy
-Major depression: Primary
-Bipolar: can lead to Major Depression
-severe schizophrenia: (-) manifestation
126
Contraindication ECT/ Somatic therapy
-Neurologic impairment: CVA, ↑ICP, Meningitis, hydrocephalus, aneurysm
-Visual impairment: glaucoma, ↑IOP, Retinal detachment
-Cardiac problem: Heart failure, Angina, IM
-Pulmonary Problems: Asthma, COPD
-Metal implants: pacemaker, orif
-Bone weakness: fracture, osteoporosis
127
Pregnancy women undergo Undoing during what trimester
2-3 trimester
128
No music therpy for patient with?
PTSD! only in depressed
129
Passive friendliness
PARANAOIA
130
S/E of ECT
-Memory loss/ amnesia
-Reversible : 2-4 weeks
-Re-orient client right after procedure
131
SSRI
-↑Serotonin; Uppers
-Xetine/Xamine
Luvoc (Fluvoxamine)
Paxil (Paroxetine)
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
Zoloft (Sertraline)
132
Side effects of SSRI
S-S-R-I
-Stimulant: Insomnia
Should be given: Morning
-Serotonin Crisis: Arrythmia
Check: HR & ECG
-Reproductive Impairement: male
-Impotence/ Erection problem
133
TCA (TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANRT)
-pramine/ tripline
-↑ serotonin/ norepinephrine & epininphrine
DOC:Clomipramine (Anefranil)
DOC:Imipramine (Tofranil)
DOC:Desipramine
Amitriptylline
Notripytlline
134
DOC: OCD
Clomipramine (Anefranil)
135
DOC: Bed wetting (enuresis)
Due to:
-DM
-Alcohol intoxication
Imipramine (Tofranil)
136
NURSING ALERT FOR TCA
-Cardiotoxic
-Hepatotoxic
-↑IOP: glaucoma
-Urinary Pattern= Urinary retention
137
MAOI's (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor)
-Destroys SNS
-↓ Serotonin, ↓Epine, ↓norepine, ↓Dopa
-EM-PA-NA-MA
Emsam (Seligline)
Parnate
Nardil
Marplan
138
Contraindicated Foods for MAOI's
A-B-C-D-E-F-S
-Alcohol
-Banana
-Chocolate; caffeinated; cheese products
-Delata (sardines)
-Evocado
-Fickles; Fapaya
-Seasoning,sawsawan, smoked
139
Low tyramine cheese
-Cottage
-Cream
-Swiss
140
this occurs when SSRI is given with other stimulant e.g., caffeine, tea
Serotonin Crisis
141
-Appetite Suppression
-Given after meal
Stimulant
142
Contraindication for MAOIS
Tyramine rich food
143
When Maois is given with contraindicated foods/substances what will happen?
Hypertensive Crisis
144
Antidote for HTN crisis
Calcium Channel blocker
-dipine Meds
1. Verapamil (calan)
2. Diltazem (cardizem)
1CB: dipine-2BB:dol- 3ACE:pril
145
-5-6 manifestation; >6 months
-Grandiosity
Mania
146
Manifestation of Mania
-Boisterous
-Irritable/Irate
-Pressured Speech (Flight of ideas)
-Overboost confidence(grandiosity)
-Lack remorse (-) guilt
-Ambitious
-Argumentative
-Risk for injury (Homicidal Precautions)
-Monopolizer
-Athocratic
-Nutrition: low body requirements.
-impulsive
-Appearance: Disorganized way of dressing e.g., neon top; orange bottom
147
MANAGEMENT FOR MANIA
-Matter of fact: Set limits
-De-escalate: Firm & Consistent
-↓ Stimuli: Dim light & Silence
-No competitive activities/ contact sport
Sublimation: Walking & Horticulture
-Restraint: Order by M.D. signed within
24 hours
1st: Physical Tranquilizer
2nd: Chemical Tranquilizer: Parenteral
148
DOC for MANIA
LITHIUM
Normal level: 0.5- 1.5 ml
Intake: Na+; 2-3 grams
Tremors: Finehand Tremors
H2O: ↑2-3 L = Diluted
149
Before giving lithium what should be monitored?
Kidney Function
Lithium= Nephrotoxic
150
Early Manifestation of lithium toxicity
GIT
-V-A-N-D-Abd upset-Polyuria
151
Late Manifestation of lithium toxicity
NEUROMUSCULAR
-jerky movements
-Ataxia(unstable gait)
-comatose (decorticate/decerebrate)
-uncoordinate
-lethargic behaviour
-stupor (↓arousal response to pain)
-Oliguria
152
Anticonvulsant that can be given to pregnant women
Magnesium Sulfate
Normal level: 4-7 mg/dl
153
In case of lithium Toxicity
-Antidote: LithBind
-Lavage
-Last resort: Dialysis
154
DOC FOR MANIA
-lithium
-Anticonvulsant (Valproic Acid)
155
Management for lithium
No to pregnant women
Never stop abruptly; Taper down
Check bone marrow; Blood dyscrasia
