Alterations in gas exchanges and respiratory disorders

Question 1

Risk factors

Answer 1

-Young age
-Medical conditions
-Premature children

Question 2

Which method should you use to ask questions?

Answer 2

PQRSTU

Question 3

What aspects should be included in inspection?

Answer 3

-Pallor
-Cyanosis
-Skin color
-Respirations
-WOB
-Cough
-Nasal flaring
-Head bobbing
-Restlessness
-Anxiety
-Legarthy
-Clubbing
-HYDRATION STATUS

Question 4

What is a true sign of hypoxia in children?

Answer 4

Central cyanosis

Question 5

What should you assess in palpation?

Answer 5

-Sinuses for tenderness
-Enlargement of lymph nodes
-Symmetry of chest walls
-Peripheral pulses
-Sunken/depressed fontanelles
-Skin turgor

Question 6

How to diagnose?

Answer 6

-ABG’s
-Chest x-rays
-Aspirations of secretions
-Pulmonary function test
-Sputum culture
-Throat culture
-Sweat chloride test (cystic fibrosis)
-MRI

Question 7

Treatments for common cold?

Answer 7

No treatment, treat symptoms

Question 8

Common cold teaching

Answer 8

-Handwashing
-Coughing/sneezing in arm
-Avoiding people with colds and large crowds (especially in the winter)

Question 9

What is influenza caused by?

Answer 9

A virus

Question 10

Influenza signs and symptoms?

Answer 10

-Fever
-Facial flushing
-Chills
-Headache
-Myalgia
-Cough
-Nasal discharge

Question 11

What is tamiflu?

Answer 11

Antiviral drug given in the 1st 12-48 hours of the illness. It shortens the time of the flu.

Question 12

Tamiflu side effects?

Answer 12

-Diarrhea
-Nausea/vomiting

Question 13

What is Croup?

Answer 13

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi

Question 14

Is croup viral or bacterial?

Answer 14

VIRAL

Question 15

Symptoms of croup?

Answer 15

-Barking cough, hoarseness of the cough, stridor

Question 16

When do croup symptoms appear the most?

Answer 16

At night, and disappear in the morning

Question 17

Treatment for croup?

Answer 17

Usually treated at home

Question 18

Teaching for croup?

Answer 18

-Quiet activities
-Avoid crying
-Rest (sitting position)
-Fluids +
-Cold air

Question 19

What is epiglottis?

Answer 19

Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis

Question 20

Epiglottitis symptoms?

Answer 20

-Sudden onset of symptoms
-High fever
-Toxic appearance
-Dysphagia
-Uses a soft voice to talk or refuses to talk

Question 21

Diagnostic tests for epiglottitits?

Answer 21

Neck x-ray

Question 22

What are some nursing considerations with epiglottis?

Answer 22

-Don’t ask to see in throat (could cause laryngospasm)
-Administer oxygen
-Do not leave children unattended
-Emergency equipment near

Question 23

Treatment for epiglottis?

Answer 23

Immediate intubation, IV antibiotics until epiglottis returns to normal size

Question 24

What is bronchiolitis?

Answer 24

Acute inflammation of bronchioles and bronchi

Question 25

Pathophysiology of bronchiolitis?

Answer 25

Like parasite invading the epithelium of the small airways causing destruction of surrounding cells, after destruction, more cells are made but have NO ciliary action causing secretion stasis ---> Irritation to rest system creating oedema. Air can get trapped.

Question 26

Bronchiolitis symptoms?

Answer 26

-Cough -Rhinorhea -Respitory distress -Central apnea -Expiration time increases

Question 27

Diagnosis test for bronchiolitis?

Answer 27

-SPO2 -Chest x=ray -ABG's -Hypercapnia

Question 28

Vital signs with bronchiolitis?

Answer 28

-Tachypnea -Tachycardia -Decrease O2 levels -Mild fever

Question 29

Prevention for bronchiolitis?

Answer 29

-Breastfeeding -Hand washing

Question 30

What is Synagis vaccine?

Answer 30

RSV prevention

Question 31

Who is Synagis vaccine given to?

Answer 31

Under 6 months at beginning of RSV season

Question 32

What route is Synagis vaccine given by?

Answer 32

IM

Question 33

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 33

Autosomal disorder

Question 34

CF pathophysiology?

Answer 34

Missing chloride ions, water flow is altered and is not able to enter cell properly causing thick mucus.