Alterations in Male Genital Reproductive

Question 1

What is Hypogonadism

Answer 1

Testicular Failure which results in low androgens and sperm count

Question 2

What is secondary Hypogonadism

Answer 2

Lack of LH/FSH from anterior pituitary

Question 3

What are the manifestations of Hypogonadism?

Answer 3

ED, fatigue, depression, change in body comp, loss of secondary sex characteristics, increased risk of CV disease

Question 4

How do you diagnose and treat hypogonadism?

Answer 4

you diagnose by drawing a serum testosterone level and you treat by giving replacement testosterone

Question 5

What is Male infertility?

Answer 5

Unable to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

Question 6

What are some causes of male infertility

Answer 6

ductal obstruction, hypogonadism, testicular atrophy
the cause is typically idiopathic

Question 7

How do you diagnose Male Infertility?

Answer 7

2 semen analyses

Question 8

How does aging impact Male fertility?

Answer 8

Men experience andropause which is a degree of hypogonadism associated with aging
prostate enlarges
ED is common in older males, especially those with preexisting conditions
low self-esteem, negative self-image

Question 9

What is Erectile Dysfunction (impotence)

Answer 9

Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance

Question 10

what is Primary ED

Answer 10

has never had an erection before in life often related to hypogonadism

Question 11

What is secondary ED

Answer 11

no longer able to attain n erection but had normal erections in the past (this is the most common)

Question 12

What are some causes of secondary ED

Answer 12

Peripheral Vascular Disease
Endocrine Problems
Medications
Trauma
Psychological
Iatrogenic

Question 13

What is the treatment for ED

Answer 13

implants, medications, psychosexual therapy

Question 14

What is Hypospadias/ Epispadias

Answer 14

Is the abnormal location of the urethral meatus which can alter the stream and impact fertility
also will delay circumcisions

Question 15

What is the cause of Hypospadias/Epispadias

Answer 15

incomplete fusion of urethral folds

Question 16

What is the treatment for Hypospadias/ Epispadias

Answer 16

Surgical correction when the child reaches about 18 months

Question 17

What is Phimosis

Answer 17

Occurs when the uncircumcised foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans of the penis

Question 18

What is the cause of the Phimosis

Answer 18

caused by chronic inflammation and infection from poor hygiene

Question 19

How do you treat phimosis

Answer 19

treat infection and give circumcision

Question 20

What is paraphimosis

Answer 20

Foreskin that has been retracted up onto the shaft cannot be replaced back to normal position

Question 21

What is the treatment for paraphimosis

Answer 21

may result in circumcision if it cannot be reduced back to the place

Question 22

What are urethral strictures

Answer 22

narrowing of the urethra from scar tissue from prior infection, trauma often caused by infection of STI or trauma

Question 23

Clinical Manifestations of urethral strictures

Answer 23

decreased urinary stream, urethral discharge, urinary retention (which can result in UTI)

Question 24

How to treat Urethral Strictures

Answer 24

Dilate the Urethera

Question 25

What is Peyronie Disease

Answer 25

upward bowing of the penile shaft during erection idiopathic cause of progressive fibrosis and plaque formation which will result in a painful bent erection

Question 26

What is Priapism

Answer 26

painful persistent erection due to engorgement with blood with an idiopathic cause behind veno-occlusive leading to ischemia and fibrosis

Question 27

Secondary causes of Priapism

Answer 27

sickle cell anemia, diabetes, leukemia, alcohol, marijuana, medications

Question 28

Treatment for Priapism

Answer 28

tx the underlying cause, aspiration of blood, injection of alpha-adrenergic agents, cold packs, analgesics/sedation

Question 29

What is cryptorchidism

Answer 29

testis that are not in the scrotal sack typically in the inguinal canal; testes incompletely descended or external to the canal

Question 30

How can cryptorchidism impact the body

Answer 30

may affect spermatogenesis and cause infertility

Question 31

How do you treat cryptorchidism

Answer 31

HCG, surgery

Question 32

What is a hydrocele and what are the manifestations

Answer 32

fluid collection surrounding the testicle or spermatic cord this results in scrotal swelling that increase during the day

Question 33

How do you treat a hydrocele

Answer 33

surgical drainage and plication of the hydrocele sac