Alternative approaches to intelligence Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is an issue with studying intelligence globally?
There is no one global definition of intelligence - there are geographic definitions which are socially constructed and differ across cultures eg. in African cultures, intelligence refers to social responsibility, cooperativeness and obedience but in America it refers to practical-problem solving ability, social competence, verbal ability, intellectual balance and integration and fluid and speedy thought
What do contemporary models of intelligence tend to include?
Hot intelligences alongside more traditional types of intelligence
What do alternative models generally assume?
- IQ is not everything
- Interpersonal skills are independent of cognitive abilities
- Interpersonal skills are more important in real life than academic abilities
- Interpersonal skills should be conceptualised as a form of ability or intelligence
What was Thorndike’s view of intelligence?
Intelligence is mechanical, abstract, social
What is Thorndike’s social intelligence? (1920)
Act wisely in interpersonal relations
What is Gardner’s multiple intelligences? (1983)
Traditional intelligences plus bodily, social, and musical skills
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
Traditional intelligence plus creative and practical
What is Salovey, Mayer and Goleman’s emotional intelligence? (1990)
Identify and manage each others’ emotions
What are Gardner’s multiple intelligences?
Verbal-linguistic
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical-rhythmic
Intrapersonal
Logical-mathematical
Naturalistic
Interpersonal
Visual-spatial
What is an extra intelligence type added to multiple intelligences (Gardner)?
Existentialist intelligence - understanding ones surroundings and place in the world. Linked to spiritual thinking
What notion does multiple intelligences challenge?
g - suggests that each intelligence resides in separate areas of the brain - each intelligence is separate but interact and work together - individual expression of the intelligence may be different
What type of intelligence is the education system biased towards?
Logical-mathematical
Who is evidence of multiple intelligences?
Phineas Gage - left frontal lobe damage changed his personality and intelligence - first case to suggest different intelligences may be located in different parts of the brain and that personality may be linked to the brain
What are some other kinds of evidence for multiple intelligences?
- prodigies
- developmental evidence
- accommodates of non-western views of intelligence
- schools developing curriculum around multiple intelligences
What did Visser et al., (2006) find related to multiple intelligences?
Many tests intercorrelated - all except bodily-kinesthetic and musical correlated with measure of general cognitive ability (g) - contradicts the notion that there are 8 independent intelligences.
- Tests measuring same intelligence did not correlate
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
Defines intelligence as skill in obtainign what you want in life within your sociocultural context.
By capitalising on strengths and compensating for or correcting weaknesses
- adapting
- shaping
- selecting
What is the analytical componential sub theory of Sternberg’s Triarchic theory?
Metacomponents, performance components and knowledge-acquisition components
What are metacomponents of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
Mental mechanisms used to:
- recognise a problem
- determine nature of a problem
- develop strategies to solve problem
- allocate resources
- monitor successes
- evaluate successes
What are performance components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
Processes to solve problems
What are knowledge-acquisition components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
Processes involved in acquiring and learning new material
selective: encoding, combination and comparison
What is the practical contextual subtheory of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
Practical applications of metacomponents, performance components and knowledge-acquisition components
- adaptation
- shaping
- selection
Tacit knowledge - action-oriented knowledge
What is the creative experiential subtheory of Sternberg’s Triarchic theory?
Experience
- Novelty - ability to deal with novel situations and using these to learn
- Automatisation - ability to deal effectively and quickly with situations or tasks previously experienced
What is some evidence for Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
STAT (Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test) (Sternberg, 1993)
- 3 intelligences not correlated
Conventional IQ tests not always successful at predicting success
Educational application
What is emotional intelligence (EI)?
- Not a model of intelligence but a different way of thinking about intelligence
- Ability to recognise own and others’ emotions and regulate own emotions
- May explain why successful individuals often not classically intelligent
