Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking Flashcards
What is Altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Explain what happened to Kitty Genovese
On March 13, 1964, a stalker repeatedly stabbed Kitty Genovese, then raped her as she lay dying outside her Queens, New York, apartment at 3:30 a.m. “Oh, my God, he stabbed me!” Genovese screamed into the early morning stillness. “Please help me!” Windows opened and lights went on as neighbors (38 of them, said an initial New York Times report, though that number was later contested) heard her screams. Her attacker fled and then returned to stab and rape her again. Not until he had fled for good did anyone so much as call the police, at 3:50 a.m.
What is the Bystander Effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
What is the Social Exchange Theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.
What is Reciprocity Norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.
What is Social-Responsibility Norm
an expectation that people will help those needing their help.
What is Conflict
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
What are Social Traps
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. also called game theory or prisoners dilemma
What are Mirror-image perceptions
mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
What is the Self-fulfilling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
When does it help to put conflict parties into close contact
When it is a Positive contact such as noncompetitive contact
What are Superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. they are a way to promote cooperation
What is the GRIT strategy
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.
