am lec 4

Question 1

cells will regenerate an electrical impulse that causes the ions to cross the membrane and cause action potential ; cause a wave of movement to pass through the heart muscle

Answer 1

depolarization phase

Question 2

ions will then return to their regular resting state and the heart muscle relaxes

Answer 2

repolarization phase

Question 3

small and round ; bump depolarization

Answer 3

p wave

Question 4

small downward deflection ; septal depolarization

Answer 4

q wave

Question 5

high upward deflection ; left ventricle depolarization

Answer 5

r wave

Question 6

small or large downward deflection ; right ventricle depolarization

Answer 6

s wave

Question 7

a bump seen after QRS complex ; ventricular repolarization

Answer 7

t wave

Question 8

time of movement from atrium to AV bundle

Answer 8

PR interval

Question 9

short isoelectric line between QRS and T wave ; depressed or elevated

Answer 9

ST segment

Question 10

depolarization of entire ventricle ; less than 12 secs

Answer 10

QRS complex

Question 11

baseline absence of electrical activity

Answer 11

isoelectric line

Question 12

first upward deflection ; atrial depolarization ; 10 sec or less

Answer 12

p wave

Question 13

first negative deflection

Answer 13

q wave

Question 14

first positive deflection

Answer 14

r wave

Question 15

negative deflection

Answer 15

s wave

Question 16

concurrent with end of ventricular systole

Answer 16

t wave

Question 17

0.12-0.2 sec ; shorter with faster heart rates

Answer 17

PR interval

Question 18

early repolarization of ventricles

Answer 18

ST segment

Question 19

less than 0.45 sec

Answer 19

QT segment

Question 20

serious arrhythmia

Answer 20

ventricular tachycardia

Question 21

causes cardiac output to drop to zero ; represents a true medical emergency

Answer 21

ventricular fibrillation

Question 22

a more serious rhythm since it can lead to significant reduction in cardiac output

Answer 22

atrial fibrillation

Question 23

rapid depolarization of atria at a rate of 250-350 bpm ; sawtooth pattern

Answer 23

atrial flutter

Question 24

occurs as a singular event or often as temporary run of PVCs ; can also occur in bigeminy

Answer 24

premature ventricular contraction

Question 25

occurs every other beat

Answer 25

bigeminy

Question 26

a vasopressor that is used in cardiac or sinus arrest and ventricular fibrillation

Answer 26

epinephrine

Question 27

a vasopressor that is an alternative to epinephrine ; used in pulseless / cardiac arrest

Answer 27

vasopressin

Question 28

an anti-arrhythmic for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 28

amiodarone

Question 29

an anti-arrhythmic for ventricular tachycardia / fibrillation and PVCs

Answer 29

procainamide

Question 30

an anti-arrhythmic for supraventricular arrhythmias or ventricular tachycardia

Answer 30

sotalol

Question 31

an anti-arrhythmic that is an alternative to amiodarone for ventricular tachycardia and PVCs

Answer 31

lidocaine

Question 32

a drug used for torsades de pointes with a pulse or cardiac arrest

Answer 32

magnesium sulfate

Question 33

a ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by fluctuation of QRS complex around the ECG baseline

Answer 33

torsades de pointes

Question 34

an anti-arrhythmic for supraventricular tachycardia or bradycardia

Answer 34

adenocard

Question 35

a drug used for nodal / sinus bradycardia and asystole

Answer 35

atropine sulfate

Question 36

an AV block at the nodal level

Answer 36

nodal bradycardia

Question 37

inotropic and chronotropic ; a drug used for cardiogenic shock, hypotension, symptomatic, or bradyarrhythmias

Answer 37

dopamine sulfate

Question 38

a vasodilator for relief of chest pain in angina/unstable, antihypertensive, CHF, and ACS

Answer 38

nitroglycerin

Question 39

an analgesic for relief and treatment of severe pain and in ACS ; also useful in pulmonary edema

Answer 39

morphine

Question 40

a drug that reduce incidence of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia ; hypertension, angina, MI, and supraventricular arrhythmias

Answer 40

beta blocker propranolol

Question 41

a drug used for depressed myocardial contractility

Answer 41

dobutamine hydrochloride

Question 42

a drug used for bradycardia, heart block, and hypotension

Answer 42

isoproterenol hydrochloride

Question 43

a drug used for hypertension

Answer 43

sodium nitroprusside

Question 44

a drug used for hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia

Answer 44

calcium hydrochloride

Question 45

a drug used to control heart rate in atrial fibrillation and flutter ; e.g. verapamil & diltiazem

Answer 45

calcium blockers

Question 46

a drug used to reduce mortality in post AMI patients by limiting infarct expansion ; e.g. enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, and ramipril

Answer 46

ACE inhibitors

Question 47

a drug used for protection from ischemic events who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ; e.g reopro, integrilin, & aggrastat

Answer 47

glycoprotein inhibitors anti platelets

Question 48

a type of thrombolytic therapy and a clot busting drugs for acute ischemic stroke, AMI thrombolytic, and STEMI ; e,g. a package has aspirin, heparin, and a thrombolytic agent (alteplase, strptokinase, retavase, or tenecteplase)

Answer 48

fibronolytic therapy