amer govt FINAL EXAM

Question 1

What is the type of govt policy that governs taxing and spending powers?

Answer 1

Fiscal Policy

Question 2

What priority is promoting human rights in comparison to other foreign policy concerns?

Answer 2

last/least priority

Question 3

Politics of black rights has shifted from voting and employment to other areas, such as discrimination of law enforcement agencies from 2014-2020 is called ?

Answer 3

Black Lives Matter - Stop mass-incarceration, advocating full voting rights for ex felons

Question 4

why is law and order necessary for a healthy market economy?

Answer 4

so people are productive and are safe

Question 5

discuss the importance of monetary policies in relationship to the growth of the econ and its effects on banks in the fed reserve system

Answer 5

manipulates/regulates money supply and control inflation

Question 6

Why does the fed reserve system require member banks to retain certain types of liquid assets on hand in order to meet depositors’ demand for money? what is this policy called?

Answer 6

Reserve Requirement - so people can withdraw money when they need it

Question 7

Understand what the open market operation is in relation to the central banking system and how it affects the US econ

Answer 7

open-market - fed govt buy/sell bonds to fund govt activities and control money supply

Question 8

What is the lending process for banks in the fed reserve? how are rates for banks lending money to eachother set? what is the term for changing the rate?

Answer 8

fed funds market, fed funds rate - affects supply

Question 9

review the methods/tools that the govt uses to manipulate the econ; discount rate, spending. How dos the govt apply these tools? understand reasoning

Answer 9

discount rate, reserve requirement, fed fund rate, fiscal policy

Question 10

what are the responsibilities of the treasury dept? how does it administer the govt fiscal policy?

Answer 10

manage fed debt, print money, tweak income and other taxesq

Question 11

how are social programs/plans financed? What types are used?

Answer 11

contributory program, payroll tax

Question 12

future possibilities of social security’s financial crisis, what problems can arise?

Answer 12

1950s - 16 contributors for 1 retiree
2020s - 3 contributors for 1 retiree
due to fact that half of workers rely on social security

Question 13

when medicare benefits increased in 2003 due to bush, how did it affect govt tax/spending policies?

Answer 13

taxes - stayed the same
spending - created a short-term crisis

Question 14

what aspects of the US interests are encompassed under the term “security”?

Answer 14

Physical, infrastructure, cyber

Question 15

what international orgs are involved in free trade?

Answer 15

WTO, NAFTA/US’CN’MX trade, IMF

Question 16

Why is free trade important to the US and others?

Answer 16

its the best route to growth and prosperity

Question 17

review the Gen Agreement on Trade and Tariffs. What org evolved from it?

Answer 17

World Trade Organization

Question 18

Major foreign policy is handled by an org/group. What is it? Purpose?

Answer 18

National Security Council, advise president on what to do

Question 19

Foreign Policy is overseen by this council created in 1947, how does it function?

Answer 19

National Security Council - meeting of the president and the heads of the military branches. helps president make informed foreign/military policy decisions

Question 20

Purpose of executive agreements, who is involved and how can they be revoked?

Answer 20

the president and a foreign country, can be revoked by the presidential term expiring

Question 21

What is the purpose of diplomacy in conjunction with national interests? How can it be used?

Answer 21

promote interests by peaceful means, maintain peace

Question 22

the structural makeup of the UN, which department handles the practical powers?

Answer 22

Gen assembly, (like house of reps) and Security council (senate) has powers, 5 members can veto

Question 23

what are some of the UN council’s purpose and functions?

Answer 23

Gen assembly, 5 perm members

Question 24

what is the first collective security agreement that the US entered in, the members, date, purpose?

Answer 24

Rio Treaty - created Organization of American States, ensured attack on one is on all” Central/south america, 1947,

Question 25

what are some of the collective security treaties that the US entered, especially in 1949?

Answer 25

NATO

Question 26

Foreign policy is important in many aspects of operation in the world? Discuss some of the ways foreign policy can be utilized and is military action it’s most important tool.

Answer 26

International monetary economics, sanctions, diplomacy, military is indeed most important tool

Question 27

In relationship to civil liberities, know the constitutional prohibitions limit, which prevent the government from depriving its citizen of life, liberty, or property without due process of law is used. Explain this prohibition.

Answer 27

Due process of law; 5th amendment, precedural limits and restraints

Question 28

What is the higher standard of judicial protection used by the Supreme Court, for speech and other civil liberties and civil rights cases, which developed out of the Supreme Court case “Brown v. the Board of Education, which shifts the burden from the complainant to the government?

Answer 28

Strict scrutiny

Question 29

What legal case established the citizen’s rights to be informed of their constitutional rights during an arrest or questioning by police?

Answer 29

Miranda V Arizona

Question 30

What is the type of speech, which has been consistently protected by the courts, even when it has been deemed insulting or outrageous? Why is this protected?

Answer 30

Political Speech - Brandenburg v Ohio, as long as it doesnt incite violence, eg. trump

Question 31

Commercial speech is not entitled to full First Amendment Protection. Why can it be regulated more heavily?

Answer 31

cant be considered political speech, can contain fake info

Question 32

What is the requirement that the judicial system must use to proceed according to law, and with adequate protection for individual rights? Know what Amendments to the Constitution established this process of law.

Answer 32

Due Process, 4th-8th Amendments

Question 33

Difference between referendum and initiative

Answer 33

Referendum - direct vote, proposed law, bypass signature Initiative - Petition policy proposal on ballot

Question 34

Why are referendums, initiatives, and recall considered shifts in agenda-setting power? Discuss what this power means to the voter.

Answer 34

Institution of Direct Democracy

Question 35

Know the various types of election districts – their names such as, Single member, multiple- member districts, and how each affects individual candidates and the ability of third party candidates in winning major elections. What type is commonly used in Europe and the US? Know what plurality voting means.

Answer 35

Single-member; 1 rep, Multi-member; multiple reps, US - SIngle, EU - Multi Plurality Voting - more vote = win

Question 36

What is the companion brief known as “Friend of the Court?” What is the legal term for this brief? How is it applied in a court case?

Answer 36

Amicus Curiae

Question 37

Does Congress have the legal ability, if it is unhappy with a judicial action to recraft the legislation, if the rationale to strike it down was substantive/ rationale? Be able to state the process, if it does have the power.

Answer 37

Yes, substantive

Question 38

Who argued that organized interests would have less opportunity to dominate the political process if the nation is large with diverse interests? Be prepared to provide, in which paper, he expressed his opinion.

Answer 38

James Madison in Federalist 10

Question 39

There are many types of interest groups; most share certain key organizational components. Understand why the various groups offer different types of benefits, and be able to differentiate between the four benefits. Review the various types of benefits of Social Groups.

Answer 39

Purposive - rep, advocacy, participation Material - Travel, insurance, discounts Info - Coordination, research, contracts Solidarity - friendship, networking Social - Purpose and Solidarity

Question 40

The Madisonian theory is that competition among interests will produce balance and compromise. Know the name or term for this principle. What is pluralism?

Answer 40

Theory that all interests should be free to compete for influence in US Govt Pluralism - between range of adverse interests

Question 41

What is an authoritarian government. Provide an example. Also be able to provide examples of state governments related to the other forms of governments that are mentioned in the text.

Answer 41

The govt answers to someone, rejects democracy. I.E, Saudi Arabia

Question 42

Routine responses to regularly recurring problems are said to be institutionalized. Do the rules and procedures established by political institutions have an influence on what form political activity may take? Be able to define the meaning of Institutions.

Answer 42

Congress has broad bills open to interpretation, Yes, in others it excludes activity, open to everyone in US Institutions - set of formal rules, procedures that shape politics/governance

Question 43

Today a candidate’s decision to run for Congress is a more personal choice. Is one of the candidate’s important determining factors, the candidate’s individual ambitions? Be prepared to provide an additional important consideration for the candidate to run for office.

Answer 43

Yes, to become incumbent, participate in careerism, constituents

Question 44

When a government has supreme and independent political authority, it is said to have what type of authority

Answer 44

Supremacy, Sovereignty

Question 45

What law case broke the back of school segregation in the 1950's? What two laws were the result of the affects of the case?

Answer 45

Brown V board of education - Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act

Question 46

What is the term for Congress’ efforts to exercise control over the way bureaucrats implement policy, and is it part of the check and balance system in our government ?

Answer 46

Government oversight. Yes

Question 47

The tendency of Congress to define broad goals for agencies and delegates to the appropriate administrative agency the power to fill in many important details exemplifies delegation of legislative policy making, and allows for regulatory review by the executive branch.

Answer 47

Delegated Powers

Question 48

Know the difference between clientele, regulatory, internal security and redistribution agencies. Who are they supposed to serve?

Answer 48

Redistribution - influence money supply Clientele - serve a particular interest Regulatory - makes rules governing a type of activity Internal Security - Enforces fed criminal laws

Question 49

Under the Articles of Confederations, the framers established a system in which the states retained significant powers instead of one where ultimate political authority was vested in a single national government. Was it true that the 13 state governmental institutions had no desire to see their power and independance surrendered to the new national government?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

What is the primary task of bureaucracy? What branch oversees their operation?

Answer 50

implement laws and policies of president/congress, overseen by Executive Branch

Question 51

Know the term that refers to a Politician, who is running for an office that they already hold. Know what are the various incumbency advantage are in relationship to a person running for political office.

Answer 51

Incumbent - Name recognition, media coverage, fundraising

Question 52

What was the movement that gained strength in 2018 related to cases of sexual harassment involving prominent media and politicl figures called. Why is this important in relation to civil rights.

Answer 52

#Me too - advocates no more gender discrimination

Question 53

What is the general position of most americans related to providing Illegal Immigrants social services, education and social service welfare programs.

Answer 53

did not support; only emergency med care

Question 54

Since the time of the “New Deal Era” most new Gov. Agencies and programs have been placed in the executive branch, directly under presidential authority by Congress. what is this form of Congressional action called?

Answer 54

Delegated Powers